Background: About 60% of institutional births occur in the private sector in Gujarat due to limited availability of obstetricians in the government. Chiranjeevi Yojana (CY), a voucher-like program initiated in 2007, a...Background: About 60% of institutional births occur in the private sector in Gujarat due to limited availability of obstetricians in the government. Chiranjeevi Yojana (CY), a voucher-like program initiated in 2007, accredits private obstetricians who are reimbursed by the state government to provide free delivery care to eligible women i.e. below poverty line and tribal. One million women have delivered under the CY program yet there are no large community based studies of the program. Methodology of a prospective community study is described here. Methods/Designs: A prospective cohort study was done in 142 villages across 3 districts in Gujarat between July, 2013 and November, 2014. A detailed survey was done by trained researchers to ascertain maternal healthcare information including antenatal, intra-partum and post-partum care, place of delivery, birth outcomes, out of pocket expenses etc. Results: 54,955 households were surveyed. 73% of all households had poverty documentation. 4274 mothers who delivered in the study period were included. Discussion: This paper is description of the methodology of a large community based survey and household and individual level characteristics. The survey was nested in a larger project to evaluate the CY program in the state of Gujarat.展开更多
This study uses the difference-in differences method to test the impact of a high-speed rail(HSR)service on the issuance of municipal corporate bonds(MCB)based on panel data for prefecture-level cities in China from 2...This study uses the difference-in differences method to test the impact of a high-speed rail(HSR)service on the issuance of municipal corporate bonds(MCB)based on panel data for prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016.The study has three findings.First,HSR increased the scale of the issuance of MCB significantly.After conducting a series of robustness tests,the above conclusion remained robust.Second,HSR affected the issuance of MCB by increasing the city's financing demands and improving the city's financing capacity.Third,the effect of HSR on the issuance of MCB varied from city to city.Specifically,the promotion of the opening of HSR to the issuance of MCB was concentrated in remote and fast growing cities.High-speed rail can also effectively reduce the cost and shrink credit spreads of the MCB.This paper shows that it is necessary to further optimize the layout of HSR,release and exploit the financial resource reallocation effect of HSR,and provide financial support to the high-quality development of cities.展开更多
文摘Background: About 60% of institutional births occur in the private sector in Gujarat due to limited availability of obstetricians in the government. Chiranjeevi Yojana (CY), a voucher-like program initiated in 2007, accredits private obstetricians who are reimbursed by the state government to provide free delivery care to eligible women i.e. below poverty line and tribal. One million women have delivered under the CY program yet there are no large community based studies of the program. Methodology of a prospective community study is described here. Methods/Designs: A prospective cohort study was done in 142 villages across 3 districts in Gujarat between July, 2013 and November, 2014. A detailed survey was done by trained researchers to ascertain maternal healthcare information including antenatal, intra-partum and post-partum care, place of delivery, birth outcomes, out of pocket expenses etc. Results: 54,955 households were surveyed. 73% of all households had poverty documentation. 4274 mothers who delivered in the study period were included. Discussion: This paper is description of the methodology of a large community based survey and household and individual level characteristics. The survey was nested in a larger project to evaluate the CY program in the state of Gujarat.
基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(Nos.15AJY017 and 16BJY183).
文摘This study uses the difference-in differences method to test the impact of a high-speed rail(HSR)service on the issuance of municipal corporate bonds(MCB)based on panel data for prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016.The study has three findings.First,HSR increased the scale of the issuance of MCB significantly.After conducting a series of robustness tests,the above conclusion remained robust.Second,HSR affected the issuance of MCB by increasing the city's financing demands and improving the city's financing capacity.Third,the effect of HSR on the issuance of MCB varied from city to city.Specifically,the promotion of the opening of HSR to the issuance of MCB was concentrated in remote and fast growing cities.High-speed rail can also effectively reduce the cost and shrink credit spreads of the MCB.This paper shows that it is necessary to further optimize the layout of HSR,release and exploit the financial resource reallocation effect of HSR,and provide financial support to the high-quality development of cities.
