基于FINE/Marine的跨介质航行器数值模拟

针对自由液面跟踪法无法准确预测跨介质航行器运动特性和水动力特性的问题,采用基于自由液面捕捉法的FINE/Marine软件模拟分析DTMB 5415船模顶浪运动以及DLR-F4飞机模型在水上迫降过程中的流场和水动力特性,其中采用BRICS离散格式进行自由液面运动方程离散.与已有实验结果的比较表明,该模拟方法可很好地预测跨介质航行器的运动特性和水动力特性.

基于FINE/Marine的螺旋桨水动力性能研究

以标准DTMB 4119桨为研究对象,基于黏性流计算软件Fine/Marine,采用RANS方法预报螺旋桨敞水性能,对不同进速系数下的推力系数和扭矩系数进行模拟计算。计算过程中分别采用旋转坐标系及滑移网格2种方法,其中,在采用滑移网格计算时,分别考虑湍流模型、非线性迭代步数及迭代时间步长对计算结果的影响。经过与试验结果进行对比分析及各方法间的比较,总结了各方法的特征与优劣,并验证了2种方法在螺旋桨敞水性能预报中的可靠性与有效性。该预报思路和方法可为后续螺旋桨水动力性能研究提供借鉴和参考。

应用FINE/Marine的航行Wigley船的辐射数值模型

为了准确预报船舶的耐波性能,本文基于计算流体力学软件FINE/Marine建立了有航速船舶的水动力分析模型,并应用该数值模型对航行Wigley船的辐射问题展开了研究和分析。对建立的数值模型进行了收敛性验证;然后分别对Wigley船的垂荡和纵摇辐射问题进行数值模拟,将计算所得的附加质量和辐射阻尼系数与时域高阶边界元法的计算结果和实验数据进行了对比,验证了该数值模型在辐射问题上的水动力计算精度。通过以上研究可知:基于FINE/Marine的船舶水动力分析模型可以对船舶的非定常辐射问题进行准确的预报。

基于Fine／Marine的钝体滑行艇水动力性能的数值模拟

为了研究钝体滑行艇水动力性能和瞬态流场变化，基于Fine／Marine软件对3种不同形式的钝体滑行艇，在静水约束模式，纵倾角τ=3．0°，航速V=2．0m／s，钝体横向斜升角β=5°、10°、15°、20°共12种工况下，开展了钝体滑行艇三维数值模拟。计算收敛后，导出升阻力、周围瞬态流场变化、底部水相和压力分布等相关参数，结果表明，Fine／Matin软件模拟水动力特性是可行的，且内凹斜升型减阻效果最好，为后续滑行艇减阻方案设计提供参考依据。

Effect of chloride salt concentration on unconfined compression strength of cement-treated Lianyungang soft marine clay

This study aims to quantify the influence of the amount of cement and chloride salt on the unconfined compression strength （UCS） of Lianyungang marine clay. The clays with various sodium chloride salt concentrations were prepared artificially and stabilized by ordinary Portland cement with various contents. A series of UCS tests of cement stabilized clay specimen after 28 d curing were carried out. The results indicate that the increase of salt concentration results in the decrease in the UCS of cement-treated soil. The negative effect of salt concentration on the strength of cement stabilized clay directly relates to the cement content and salt concentration. The porosity-salt concentration/cement content ratio is a fundamental parameter for assessing the UCS of cement-treated salt-rich clay. An empirical prediction model of UCS is also proposed to take into account the effect of salt concentration. The findings of this study can be referenced for the stabilization improvement of chloride slat- rich soft clay.

Sparse Modal Decomposition Method Addressing Underdetermined Vortex-Induced Vibration Reconstruction Problem for Marine Risers

When investigating the vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of marine risers,extrapolating the dynamic response on the entire length based on limited sensor measurements is a crucial step in both laboratory experiments and fatigue monitoring of real risers.The problem is conventionally solved using the modal decomposition method,based on the principle that the response can be approximated by a weighted sum of limited vibration modes.However,the method is not valid when the problem is underdetermined,i.e.,the number of unknown mode weights is more than the number of known measurements.This study proposed a sparse modal decomposition method based on the compressed sensing theory and the Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit(Co Sa MP)algorithm,exploiting the sparsity of VIV in the modal space.In the validation study based on high-order VIV experiment data,the proposed method successfully reconstructed the response using only seven acceleration measurements when the conventional methods failed.A primary advantage of the proposed method is that it offers a completely data-driven approach for the underdetermined VIV reconstruction problem,which is more favorable than existing model-dependent solutions for many practical applications such as riser structural health monitoring.

Vibration Control of A Flexible Marine Riser System Subject to Input Dead Zone and Extraneous Disturbances

An observer-based adaptive backstepping boundary control is proposed for vibration control of flexible offshore riser systems with unknown nonlinear input dead zone and uncertain environmental disturbances.The control algorithm can update the control law online through real-time data to make the controller adapt to the environment and improve the control precision.Specifically,based on the adaptive backstepping framework,virtual control laws and Lyapunov functions are designed for each subsystem.Three direction interference observers are designed to track the timevarying boundary disturbance.On this basis,the inverse of the dead zone and linear state transformation are used to compensate for the original system and eliminate the adverse effects of the dead zone.In addition,the stability of the closed-loop system is proven by Lyapunov stability theory.All the system states are bounded,and the vibration offset of the riser converges to a small area of the initial position.Finally,four examples of flexible marine risers are simulated in MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

Corrosion behavior of HVOF Inconel 625 coating in the simulated marine environment

High velocity oxygen fuel(HVOF)spraying process is commonly used to produce superalloy coatings.Inconel 625 coating was prepared on Q235B low carbon steel by HVOF.A series of experiments were conducted to examine the surface and corrosion resistance properties of Inconel 625 HVOF coating.In this paper,potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)tests were carried out to evaluate the corrosion resistance of Inconel 625 coating under simulated marine environment.The experiment-al results showed that Inconel 625 coating revealed low porosity and desired coating thickness.Shift in the corrosion potential(E_(corr))to-wards the noble direction combined with much low corrosion current density(i_(corr))indicating a significant improvement of HVOF Inconel 625 coating compared with the substrate.

Effect of Sample Disturbance on Unconfined Compression Strength of Natural Marine Clays

Quantitatively correcting the unconfined compressive strength for sample disturbance is an important research project in the practice of ocean engineering and geotechnical engineering. In this study, the specimens of undisturbed natural marine clay obtained from the same depth at the same site were deliberately disturbed to different levels. Then, the specimens with different extents of sample disturbance were trimmed for both oedometer tests and unconfined compression tests. The degree of sample disturbance SD is obtained from the oedometer test data. The relationship between the unconfined compressive strength q u and SD is studied for investigating the effect of sample disturbance on q u. It is found that the value of q u decreases linearly with the increase in SD. Then, a simple method of correcting q u for sample disturbance is proposed. Its validity is also verified through analysis of the existing published data.

Recent Advances of Bioactive Marine Natural Products in Drug Discovery

Marine natural products(MNPs)are valuable resources for drug development.To date,17 drugs from marine sources are in clinical use,and 33 pharmaceutical compounds are in clinical trials.Presently the success of drug development from the marine resources is higher than the industry average.It is a feasible strategy to conduct the discovery of druglead compounds based on marine chemical ecology by fully exploiting the pharmacological potential of marine chemical defense matters.In the search for bioactive MNPs,our group has constructed a biological resources library including more than 1500 strains of fungi.Focusing on the strategy of Blue Drug Library,we have discovered a series of novel MNPs with abundant biological functions.Highly efficient and scalable total synthesis of(+)-aniduquinolone A(44)and pesimquinolone I(48)have been completed,which will facilitate access to sufficient quantities of candidates for in vivo pharmacological and toxicological studies.As a nucleoprotein(NP)inhibitor,QLA(75)possesses significant anti-influenza A virus(IAV)activities both in vitro and in vivo.CHNQD-00803(76)is a potent and selective AMP-activated kinase(AMPK)activator that can effectively inhibit metabolic disorders and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)progression.Moreover,we identified two new candidate molecules with potent anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects.Particularly,as a natural guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases(Arf-GEFs)inhibitor prodrug,CHNQD-01255(78)is qualified to be developed as a targeted candidate anticancer drug,which may be promising to apply for cancer immunotherapy.Hence,it is evident that MNPs play an important role in drug development.

Expired drugs as vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors of copper in simulated marine atmospheric environment

Urea,paracetamol and glutamine(based on the expired drugs)were selected as vapor-phase corrosion inhibitors(VCIs)to study their corrosion protection effect on red copper in simulated marine atmospheric environment by using weight loss,electrochemical measurement techniques(specially designed electrochemical testing device for simulating marine atmospheric environments)and surface morphology characterization analysis(SEM/EDS,XRD,RAMAN,XPS).Weight loss results show that the three corrosion inhibitors have good corrosion inhibition effect on red copper,and the corrosion inhibition efficiency in the order of glutamine(83.62%)>urea(68.46%)>paracetamol(61.47%).Surface morphology characterization analysis provides evidence of adsorption of corrosion inhibitors molecules on the red copper surface,thus forming a protective film that blocked the red copper surface from the aggressive chloride ion attack.

Coordination Mechanism and Empirical Research on Marine Science Technology Innovation and Marine Eco-civilization:A Case Study of Coastal Areas of China

Marine science technology innovation provides power and guarantees for marine eco-civilization construction,which provides direction and material support for marine science technology innovation.Therefore,the coordinated development of the two is of great significance to the marine economy sustainable development in China’s coastal areas.On the basis of clarifying the connotations of marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization in China’s coastal areas from 2006 to 2019,the mechanism for their coordinated development was analysed.A comprehensive indicator system based on the connotation of the two was constructed,and the coordinated development relationship was empirically tested using the coupled coordination model and the panel vector autoregressive(PVAR)model.The results show that:1)the level of China’s coastal marine science technology innovation continues to improve,gradually forming the core of the development of marine science technology innovation in the north,east and south of Shandong,Shanghai and Guangdong;the level of marine eco-civilization development fluctuating upward trend,showing obvious spatial differentiation characteristics.2)The degree of coordination of marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization is growing over time.There is no causal relationship between marine science technology innovation and marine eco-civilization in the northern marine economic circle,but there is a two-way causal relationship between the two in the eastern and southern marine economic circles.3)Marine eco-civilization shows a significant positive and continuous impact on marine science technology innovation,and marine science technology innovation shows a long-term,continuous,fluctuating,and lagging impact on marine eco-civilization.The overall role of marine eco-civilization on marine science technology innovation is dominant,and there are significant differences in the impact effects of the two major marine economic circles.

Marine CO_(2) Removal Joins Race to Scale Up Mitigation Tech

In June 2024,startup company Equatic(Santa Monica,CA,USA)announced that it had begun engineering work on the world’s largest and first commercial scale facility using the ocean to remove CO_(2) from the atmosphere[1].The company claims its plant at a yet-to-be determined site in Quebec,Canada,will be operational by 2027,sequestering 300 t of CO_(2) per day at full capacity.Equatic is already building a similar,but smaller,facility called Equatic-1 in Singapore(Fig.1)[2].That project,expected to be completed in 2025,will have the capacity to remove 10 t of CO_(2) per day.

Advanced strategies for marine antifouling based on nanomaterial-enhanced functional PDMS coatings

Marine biofouling seriously affects human marine exploitation and transportation activities,to which marine antifouling(AF)coatings are considered to be the most cost-effective solution.Since the mid-20th century,human beings have dedicated their efforts on developing AF coatings with long cycle and high performance,leading to a large number of non-target organisms?distortion,death and marine environmental pollution.Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),is considered as one of the representative environment-friendly AF materials thanks to its non-toxic,hydrophobic,low surface energy and AF properties.However,PDMS AF coatings are prone to mechanical damage,weak adhesion strength to substrate,and poor static AF effect,which seriously restrict their use in the ocean.The rapid development of various nanomaterials provides an opportunity to enhance and improve the mechanical properties and antifouling properties of PDMS coating by embedding nanomaterials.Based on our research background and the problems faced in our laboratory,this article presents an overview of the current progress in the fields of PDMS composite coatings enhanced by different nanomaterials,with the discussion focused on the advantages and main bottlenecks currently encountered in this field.Finally,we propose an outlook,hoping to provide fundamental guidance for the development of marine AF field.

Predict the evolution of mechanical property of Al-Li alloys in a marine environment

The ocean is one of the essential fields of national defense in the future,and more and more attention is paid to the lightweight research of Marine equipment and materials.This study it is to develop a Machine learning(ML)-based prediction method to study the evolution of the mechanical properties of Al-Li alloys in the marine environment.We obtained the mechanical properties of Al-Li alloy samples under uniaxial tensile deformation at different exposure times through Marine exposure experiments.We obtained the strain evolution by digital image correlation(DIC).The strain field images are voxelized using 2D-Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)autoencoders as input data for Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural networks.Then,the output data of LSTM neural networks combined with corrosion features were input into the Back Propagation(BP)neural network to predict the mechanical properties of Al-Li alloys.The main conclusions are as follows:1.The variation law of mechanical properties of2297-T8 in the Marine atmosphere is revealed.With the increase in outdoor exposure test time,the tensile elastic model of 2297-T8 changes slowly,within 10%,and the tensile yield stress changes significantly,with a maximum attenuation of 23.6%.2.The prediction model can predict the strain evolution and mechanical response simultaneously with an error of less than 5%.3.This study shows that a CNN/LSTM system based on machine learning can be built to capture the corrosion characteristics of Marine exposure experiments.The results show that the relationship between corrosion characteristics and mechanical response can be predicted without considering the microstructure evolution of metal materials.

Convergent evolution in high-altitude and marine mammals:Molecular adaptations to pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxia

High-altitude and marine mammals inhabit distinct ecosystems but share a common challenge:hypoxia.To survive in low-oxygen environments,these species have evolved similar phenotypic pulmonary adaptations,characterized by a high density of elastic fibers.In this study,we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations,focusing on pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxia tolerance through comparative genomics and convergent evolution analyses.We observed significant expansions and contractions in certain gene families across both high-altitude and marine mammals,closely associated with processes involved in pulmonary fibrosis.Notably,members of the keratin gene family,such as KRT17 and KRT14,appear to be associated with the development of the dense elastic fiber phenotype observed in the lungs of hypoxia-tolerant mammals.Through selection pressure and amino acid substitution analyses,we identified multiple genes exhibiting convergent accelerated evolution,positive selection,and amino acid substitution in these species,associated with adaptation to hypoxic environments.Specifically,the convergent evolution of ZFP36L1,FN1,and NEDD9 was found to contribute to the high density of elastic fibers in the lungs of both high-altitude and marine mammals,facilitating their hypoxia tolerance.Additionally,we identified convergent amino acid substitutions and gene loss events associated with sperm development,differentiation,and spermatogenesis,such as amino acid substitutions in SLC26A3 and pseudogenization of CFAP47,as confirmed by PCR.These genetic alterations may be linked to changes in the reproductive capabilities of these animals.Overall,this study offers novel perspectives on the genetic and molecular adaptations of high-altitude and marine mammals to hypoxic environments,with a particular emphasis on pulmonary fibrosis.

The Forecast Skills and Predictability Sources of Marine Heatwaves in the NUIST-CFS1.0 Hindcasts

Using monthly observations and ensemble hindcasts of the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Climate Forecast System(NUIST-CFS1.0) for the period 1983–2020, this study investigates the forecast skill of marine heatwaves(MHWs) over the globe and the predictability sources of the MHWs over the tropical oceans. The MHW forecasts are demonstrated to be skillful on seasonal-annual time scales, particularly in tropical oceans. The forecast skill of the MHWs over the tropical Pacific Ocean(TPO) remains high at lead times of 1–24 months, indicating a forecast better than random chance for up to two years. The forecast skill is subject to the spring predictability barrier of El Nino-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). The forecast skills for the MHWs over the tropical Indian Ocean(TIO), tropical Atlantic Ocean(TAO), and tropical Northwest Pacific(NWP) are lower than that in the TPO. A reliable forecast at lead times of up to two years is shown over the TIO, while a shorter reliable forecast window(less than 17 months) occurs for the TAO and NWP.Additionally, the forecast skills for the TIO, TAO, and NWP are seasonally dependent. Higher skills for the TIO and TAO appear in boreal spring, while a greater skill for the NWP emerges in late summer-early autumn. Further analyses suggest that ENSO serves as a critical source of predictability for MHWs over the TIO and TAO in spring and MHWs over the NWP in summer.

An updated inventory of marine opisthobranch(Mollusca,Gastropoda)from the territorial waters of the Republic of Mauritius

Island ecosystems support diverse aquatic invertebrate communities comprising endemic taxa.Documentation of existing species is important for conservation.In this study,a checklist of marine opisthobranch from the Republic of Mauritius is presented.A combination of benthic surveys(50 m×5 m in triplicates),rover diving techniques and photo documentation were used over two years(2018–2020)within 35 sheltered and unsheltered lagoons.Morphological and molecular analysis were used for identification.Species composition within sheltered and unsheltered areas in Mauritius was estimated using the Bray-Curtis similarity.The checklist featured 117 species belonging to 61 genera and 28families,of which 13 are new records.The findings increased the knowledge of opisthobranch diversity from the Mauritius by 15.4%.Among the listed species,the distribution range of Cyerce nigra,Actinocyclus papillatus,and Phyllidia picta extended from the Western Pacific to the South Western Indian Ocean.Molecular analysis of the undescribed Gymnodoris sp.showed it resembled Gymnodoris sp.from Hawaii and were different by a genetic distance value of 10.6%.The species richness and evenness were higher within the sheltered regions of Mauritius which harboured the food resource of opisthobranch.These areas as compared to unsheltered regions were heavily populated,suggesting the probable influence of wave actions on opisthobranch diversity and abundance.The order Nudibranchia was reported as most speciose,with 86 species.The Sacoglossa and Nudibranchia were observed only on macroalgae and sponges respectively.High abundance was also recorded on shipwrecks which are the most common form of artificial reefs.With the inclusion of observations from previous studies,201species belonging to 94 genera and 36 families are now known from the Mauritius.

Temporal variations of food web in a marine bay ecosystem based on LIM-MCMC model

Climate change has led to significant fluctuations in marine ecosystems,including alterations in the structure and function of food webs and ecosystem status.Coastal ecosystems are critical to the functioning of the earth’s lifesupporting systems.However,temporal variations in most of these ecosystems have remained unclear so far.In this study,we employed a linear inverse model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo(LIM-MCMC)combined with ecological network analysis to reveal the temporal variations of the food web in Haizhou Bay of China.Food webs were constructed based on diet composition data in this ecosystem during the year of 2011 and 2018.Results indicated that there were obvious temporal variations in the composition of food webs in autumn of 2011 and 2018.The number of prey and predators for most species in food web decreased in 2018 compared with 2011,especially for Trichiurus lepturus,zooplankton,Amblychaeturichthys hexanema,and Loligo sp.Ecological network analysis showed that the complexity of food web structure could be reflected by comprehensive analysis of compartmentalized indicators.Haizhou Bay ecosystem was more mature and stable in 2011,while the ecosystem’s self-sustainability and recovery from disturbances were accelerated from 2011 to 2018.These findings contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of marine ecosystems and highlight the importance of comprehensive analysis of marine food webs.This work provides a framework for assessing and comparing temporal variations in marine ecosystems,which provides essential information and scientific guidance for the Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management.

Panoptic UAV:Panoptic Segmentation of UAV Images for Marine Environment Monitoring

UAV marine monitoring plays an essential role in marine environmental protection because of its flexibility and convenience,low cost and convenient maintenance.In marine environmental monitoring,the similarity between objects such as oil spill and sea surface,Spartina alterniflora and algae is high,and the effect of the general segmentation algorithm is poor,which brings new challenges to the segmentation of UAV marine images.Panoramic segmentation can do object detection and semantic segmentation at the same time,which can well solve the polymorphism problem of objects in UAV ocean images.Currently,there are few studies on UAV marine image recognition with panoptic segmentation.In addition,there are no publicly available panoptic segmentation datasets for UAV images.In this work,we collect and annotate UAV images to form a panoptic segmentation UAV dataset named UAV-OUC-SEG and propose a panoptic segmentation method named PanopticUAV.First,to deal with the large intraclass variability in scale,deformable convolution and CBAM attention mechanism are employed in the backbone to obtain more accurate features.Second,due to the complexity and diversity of marine images,boundary masks by the Laplacian operator equation from the ground truth are merged into feature maps to improve boundary segmentation precision.Experiments demonstrate the advantages of PanopticUAV beyond the most other advanced approaches on the UAV-OUC-SEG dataset.