Biometric Finger Vein Recognition Using Evolutionary Algorithm with Deep Learning

In recent years,the demand for biometric-based human recog-nition methods has drastically increased to meet the privacy and security requirements.Palm prints,palm veins,finger veins,fingerprints,hand veins and other anatomic and behavioral features are utilized in the development of different biometric recognition techniques.Amongst the available biometric recognition techniques,Finger Vein Recognition(FVR)is a general technique that analyzes the patterns of finger veins to authenticate the individuals.Deep Learning(DL)-based techniques have gained immense attention in the recent years,since it accomplishes excellent outcomes in various challenging domains such as computer vision,speech detection and Natural Language Processing(NLP).This technique is a natural fit to overcome the ever-increasing biomet-ric detection problems and cell phone authentication issues in airport security techniques.The current study presents an Automated Biometric Finger Vein Recognition using Evolutionary Algorithm with Deep Learning(ABFVR-EADL)model.The presented ABFVR-EADL model aims to accomplish bio-metric recognition using the patterns of the finger veins.Initially,the presented ABFVR-EADL model employs the histogram equalization technique to pre-process the input images.For feature extraction,the Salp Swarm Algorithm(SSA)with Densely-connected Networks(DenseNet-201)model is exploited,showing the proposed method’s novelty.Finally,the Deep-Stacked Denoising Autoencoder(DSAE)is utilized for biometric recognition.The proposed ABFVR-EADL method was experimentally validated using the benchmark databases,and the outcomes confirmed the productive performance of the proposed ABFVR-EADL model over other DL models.

Finger Vein Authentication Based on Wavelet Scattering Networks

Biometric-based authentication systems have attracted more attention than traditional authentication techniques such as passwords in the last two decades.Multiple biometrics such as fingerprint,palm,iris,palm vein and finger vein and other biometrics have been introduced.One of the challenges in biometrics is physical injury.Biometric of finger vein is of the biometrics least exposed to physical damage.Numerous methods have been proposed for authentication with the help of this biometric that suffer from weaknesses such as high computational complexity and low identification rate.This paper presents a novel method of scattering wavelet-based identity identification.Scattering wavelet extracts image features from Gabor wavelet filters in a structure similar to convolutional neural networks.What distinguishes this algorithm from other popular feature extraction methods such as deep learning methods,filter-based methods,statistical methods,etc.,is that this algorithm has very high skill and accuracy in differentiating similar images but belongs to different classes,even when the image is subject to serious damage such as noise,angle changes or pixel location,this descriptor still generates feature vectors in away thatminimizes classifier error.This improves classification and authentication.The proposed method has been evaluated using two databases Finger Vein USM(FV-USM)and Homologous Multimodal biometrics Traits(SDUMLA-HMT).In addition to having reasonable computational complexity,it has recorded excellent identification rates in noise,rotation,and transmission challenges.At best,it has a 98.2%identification rate for the SDUMLA-HMT database and a 96.1%identification rate for the FV-USM database.

FedFV: A Personalized Federated Learning Framework for Finger Vein Authentication

Most finger vein authentication systems suffer from the problem of small sample size.However,the data augmentation can alleviate this problem to a certain extent but did not fundamentally solve the problem of category diversity.So the researchers resort to pre-training or multi-source data joint training methods,but these methods will lead to the problem of user privacy leakage.In view of the above issues,this paper proposes a federated learning-based finger vein authentication framework(FedFV)to solve the problem of small sample size and category diversity while protecting user privacy.Through training under FedFV,each client can share the knowledge learned from its user′s finger vein data with the federated client without causing template leaks.In addition,we further propose an efficient personalized federated aggregation algorithm,named federated weighted proportion reduction(FedWPR),to tackle the problem of non-independent identically distribution caused by client diversity,thus achieving the best performance for each client.To thoroughly evaluate the effectiveness of FedFV,comprehensive experiments are conducted on nine publicly available finger vein datasets.Experimental results show that FedFV can improve the performance of the finger vein authentication system without directly using other client data.To the best of our knowledge,FedFV is the first personalized federated finger vein authentication framework,which has some reference value for subsequent biometric privacy protection research.

Finger vein recognition using weighted local binary pattern code based on a support vector machine

Finger vein recognition is a biometric technique which identifies individuals using their unique finger vein patterns. It is reported to have a high accuracy and rapid processing speed. In addition, it is impossible to steal a vein pattern located inside the finger. We propose a new identification method of finger vascular patterns using a weighted local binary pattern (LBP) and support vector machine (SVM). This research is novel in the following three ways. First, holistic codes are extracted through the LBP method without using a vein detection procedure. This reduces the processing time and the complexities in detecting finger vein patterns. Second, we classify the local areas from which the LBP codes are extracted into three categories based on the SVM classifier: local areas that include a large amount (LA), a medium amount (MA), and a small amount (SA) of vein patterns. Third, different weights are assigned to the extracted LBP code according to the local area type (LA, MA, and SA) from which the LBP codes were extracted. The optimal weights are determined empirically in terms of the accuracy of the finger vein recognition. Experimental results show that our equal error rate (EER) is significantly lower compared to that without the proposed method or using a conventional method.

Finger-vein image recognition combining modified hausdorff distance with minutiae feature matching

In this paper, we propose a novel method for finger-vein recognition. We extract the features of the vein patterns for recognition. Then, the minutiae features included bifurcation points and ending points are extracted from these vein patterns. These feature points are used as a geometric representation of the vein patterns shape. Finally, the modified Hausdorff distance algorithm is provided to evaluate the identifica-tion ability among all possible relative positions of the vein patterns shape. This algorithm has been widely used for comparing point sets or edge maps since it does not require point cor-respondence. Experimental results show these minutiae feature points can be used to perform personal verification tasks as a geometric rep-resentation of the vein patterns shape. Fur-thermore, in this developed method. we can achieve robust image matching under different lighting conditions.

基于手指静脉识别的艺术实验教学智慧监管系统

当前艺术实验教学中缺乏兼顾安全监管和智慧决策的信息化管理手段。在主流的信息安全技术中,手指静脉识别技术具有活体识别、准确率高、使用方便等优势,适应艺术实验教学监管应用场景。该文提出结合软特征的手指静脉识别算法,进一步提升了识别性能。在此基础上,研究实现艺术实验教学智能监管系统,在实现实验教学监管的同时辅助管理决策,有效解决了监管中普遍存在的问题,全面提升了监管水平。

Line Patterns Segmentation in Blurred Images Using Contrast Enhancement and Local Entropy Thresholding

Finger vein extraction and recognition hold significance in various applications due to the unique and reliable nature of finger vein patterns. While recently finger vein recognition has gained popularity, there are still challenges associated with extracting and processing finger vein patterns related to image quality, positioning and alignment, skin conditions, security concerns and processing techniques applied. In this paper, a method for robust segmentation of line patterns in strongly blurred images is presented and evaluated in vessel network extraction from infrared images of human fingers. In a four-step process: local normalization of brightness, image enhancement, segmentation and cleaning were involved. A novel image enhancement method was used to re-establish the line patterns from the brightness sum of the independent close-form solutions of the adopted optimization criterion derived in small windows. In the proposed method, the computational resources were reduced significantly compared to the solution derived when the whole image was processed. In the enhanced image, where the concave structures have been sufficiently emphasized, accurate detection of line patterns was obtained by local entropy thresholding. Typical segmentation errors appearing in the binary image were removed using morphological dilation with a line structuring element and morphological filtering with a majority filter to eliminate isolated blobs. The proposed method performs accurate detection of the vessel network in human finger infrared images, as the experimental results show, applied both in real and artificial images and can readily be applied in many image enhancement and segmentation applications.

指背静脉移植在血管缺损的断指再植术中的临床应用

目的探讨指背静脉移植在血管缺损的断指再植术中的应用效果。方法收集2021年4月至2022年8月于秦皇岛市第一医院进行断指再植术的35例手指离断患者(40指)的临床资料,术中均采用指背静脉移植桥接术。观察术中镜下挫伤血管内膜挫伤分布情况,记录血管移植的时间。比较同水平面指背静脉与缺损血管的管径,观察术后再植手指的成活情况、并发症发生情况和成活手指的功能恢复情况。结果术后手指成活率为95.0%(38/40)。自切取静脉至完成两处吻合口的时间一般约为40分钟,吻合质量良好。同水平面指背静脉与缺损血管的管径相当或略粗。术后6个月,在成活的38个再植手指中,手指功能优10指,良25指,差3指,优良率为92.1%(35/38)。结论在血管缺损的断指再植术中,指背静脉移植可在避免再植时过多缩短指骨、关节融合或截指的情况下获得满意的外形和优良的功能。

采用轻量化神经网络的高安全手指静脉识别系统

针对特殊材料能伪造手指静脉从而欺骗识别系统,以及利用卷积神经网络进行手指静脉识别计算量大的问题,设计了具有活体检测功能和轻量化卷积神经网络结构的手指静脉识别系统。采用光容积法检测手指脉搏波的变化,从而判断被采集对象是否为活体;利用剪枝及通道恢复方法改进了ResNet-18卷积神经网络,并结合L_(1)正则化增加卷积神经网络的特征选择能力,在提升算法准确率的基础上,能有效地降低计算资源的消耗。实验表明,使用改进的剪枝及通道恢复优化结构,参数量降低了75.6%,计算量降低了25.6%,在山东大学和香港理工大学手指静脉数据库上得到的等误率分别为0.025%、0.085%,远低于ResNet-18得到的等误率(0.117%、0.213%)。

基于静脉关键特征和AdaFace损失的轻量级指静脉识别算法

基于深度学习的指静脉识别方法通常需要大量的计算资源,限制了其在嵌入设备上的推广和普及,采用轻量级网络又面临模型参数减少导致准确率下降的问题,为此提出一种基于指静脉关键特征和AdaFace损失的轻量级识别算法。在MicroNet框架中,首先提出一种FMixconv卷积来替代原网络中的深度卷积,减少参数的同时可以获得静脉特征的多尺度信息;其次引入轻量级注意力模块CA模块,从空间和通道上聚焦于静脉特征的关键信息;最后在损失函数中加入AdaFace损失,通过特征范数对图像质量进行评价,以减少图像质量下降对训练的影响。该算法在SDUMLA-HMT、FV-USM和自建数据集上的识别准确率达到99.84%、99.39%和99.42%,而参数量仅有0.82 M。实验结果表明,该算法在准确率和参数量大小上均领先于其他方法。

轻量级空间移位MLP用于指静脉分割

基于CNN和Transformer架构图像分割网络模型参数繁多、计算复杂,需要消耗大量的内存资源,这使得它们无法满足快速、有效的指静脉图像分割需求,并且在算力有限的嵌入式平台部署非常困难。因此,提出一种基于MLP的轻量级手指静脉分割算法。首先,通过不同轴向移动特征图获取信息流来捕获局部依赖性,提高局部信息提取能力;其次,使用标记MLP块对特征图进行标记和投影卷积特征;然后,在下采样和上采样之前都添加一个轻量级注意力模块来提升分割性能,在输入到MLP的同时转移输入的通道,使网络模型更专注于学习本地依赖性。在SDU-FV、HKPU和UTFVP三个公开的手指静脉数据集中进行实验,结果表明:该方法仅使用了346.949K Params、1.835G Flops和11.023M的计算复杂度,分割性能指标Dice、AUC、Acc分别达到0.515 6、0.895 9、91.68%。在三种NVIDIA嵌入式平台上,该算法的Dice和AUC指标均取得了最优性能。

指蹼逆行指背静脉岛状皮瓣修复手指中远节皮肤缺损

2020年1月~2021年10月,我科采用指蹼逆行指背静脉岛状皮瓣修复20例手指中远节皮肤缺损患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组20例(20指),男15例,女5例,年龄18~64岁。拇指8例,示指6例,中指3例,环指1例,小指2例。创面面积2.0 cm×1.5 cm~2.5 cm×2.0 cm。受伤原因:机器撕脱伤14例,切割伤3例,压砸伤3例。19例急诊手术,伤后至手术时间2~4 h.

深度学习在手指静脉识别中的应用研究综述

手指静脉识别技术由于其非接触、高防伪性以及活体检测等优点,成为新一代生物识别技术中的研究热点。随着深度学习的发展,基于深度神经网络的手指静脉识别技术取得了显著的成果。首先对手指静脉识别领域的常用公开数据集进行了介绍,然后根据神经网络学习任务的不同,对近几年深度学习方法在手指静脉识别中的应用进行了分类,分析了每种类型的技术特点和适用场景。从轻量化网络、数据增广、注意力机制等方面对手指静脉识别中的深度学习设计技巧进行了介绍。从分类损失和度量学习损失两方面,对模型中常用的损失函数进行了阐述。最后介绍了手指静脉识别系统的评价指标并汇总了部分研究在准确率和等错误率方面的成果。此外,还提出了手指静脉识别面临的挑战和潜在的发展方向。

“和伤散”熏洗联合刘氏“三指按摩”手法对预防髋部骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓的效果

目的观察“和伤散”熏洗联合刘氏“三指按摩”手法护理预防髋部骨折患者术后下肢深静脉血栓的效果。方法选择符合纳入标准的116例髋部骨折患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,对照组患者术后实施常规护理,观察组在对照组常规护理基础上予以“和伤散”熏洗联合刘氏“三指按摩”手法护理,2组患者均护理10 d。比较2组患者凝血指标以及下肢深静脉血栓发生率。结果观察组D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原均低于对照组,活化凝血活酶时间、凝血酶原时间均长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组下肢深静脉血栓发生率(1.72%)与对照组(13.79%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于髋部骨折术后患者,运用“和伤散”熏洗联合刘氏“三指按摩”手法护理能够降低下肢深静脉血栓发生率。

基于深度残差网络的轻量级指静脉识别算法

提出一种基于深度残差网络的轻量级指静脉识别算法。首先,以ResNet34为基础,使用深度可分离卷积代替传统卷积,加入SE(Squeeze and Excitation)注意力机制模块来提取手指静脉空间域上的细节特征,并引入宽度缩放因子,进一步压缩网络;其次,在训练中引入教师-学生网络模式,对轻量级深度残差网络进行知识蒸馏训练,并使用知识蒸馏损失、CurricularFace和交叉熵损失对网络进行联合监督,解决了轻量级深度残差网络因学习参数量较少引起的性能下降问题。分别在FV-USM数据集、Lab-Normal数据集和Lab-Special数据集上进行仿真实验,结果表明,同基于轻量级网络MobileFaceNet的识别算法相比,提出的算法有效提高了零误识识别率和Top1排序性能。

基于感兴趣区域的改进型LBP手指静脉识别

为进一步提升手指静脉识别算法的识别率,在图像预处理阶段提出一种快速感兴趣区域(RoI)提取方法,简化候选区域提取的计算过程,缩短手指区域提取时间。识别特征则是在局部二值模式(LBP)的基础上,利用邻域像素的平均值代替中心值,通过邻域像素的关系引入,提升了图像的纹理表达效果。在SDUMLA数据库与天津市智能实验室采集指静脉图像数据库上,分别取得了99.53%,99.74%的识别率,表明了算法优良的识别性能与泛化能力。

改进SIFT算法的手指静脉特征提取和匹配研究

为了更好地研究SIFT(尺度不变特征)算法在手指静脉特征提取和匹配过程中的应用,提出将手指静脉样本图像特征点代入到同散度矩阵的低维子空间,利用对低维子空间映射的方法可以提高SIFT算法在宏观层次上的准确度,设想基于尺度、方向和距离约束,通过RANSAC消除错误匹配的点对,改良特征点的匹配精度和特征匹配的点对数目。通过对手指静脉图像处理及实验可得,优化后的SIFT算法识别率可以做到99.68%,效果较普通SIFT算法更为准确、有效。

基于质量评价与特征提取网络的手指静脉识别

在利用手指静脉信息进行个人身份识别认证的系统中,采集到的手指静脉图像质量的好坏以及图像特征提取算法的性能直接影响着系统识别的准确性。针对以上两个核心问题,提出了基于神经网络学习的手指静脉图像质量判断与特征提取技术,并将图像质量判断、特征提取与匹配集成为一个完整的识别系统。在采集手指静脉图像时,利用经过训练的轻量级的MobileNet-V2网络,判断图像质量,仅保留质量较好的图像,将其用于后续个人身份识别与验证;对特征提取网络的设计,提出了基于平滑平均准确度损失函数的ResNet模型,提高了原网络的特征提取能力。最后,利用余弦相似度进行特征匹配,获得待识别人的身份信息。实验结果表明,所提出的方法在公开的山东大学和中国香港理工大学手指静脉数据库上分别得到3.855%和3.699%的等误率值,比基于差分图像+VGG网络识别等方法至少降低了1.311%。并且,所设计的识别系统对于自建手指静脉图像数据库,达到了99.30%的识别率。

ResNet多输出特征的手指静脉识别

为了解决成像环境复杂、生物组织引起红外光散射导致识别准确率低的问题,在基于神经网络分类的手指静脉识别技术基础上,提出神经网络拓展结构模型,并采用机器学习方法计算区分性好的特征,弥补原神经网络引起的部分特征缺失,避免了模型迁移到小型数据库上由于样本数量不足带来的性能下降问题.利用ResNet18、ResNet34和ResNet50三种神经网络在手指静脉数据库上进行的分析与实验表明,拓展结构模型显著提高了识别性能.

基于FPGA自适应调光的指静脉成像及传输系统

随着指静脉技术的发展,指静脉识别技术运用于各种复杂场合,因此,指静脉成像质量的要求越来越高。根据近红外光对不同手指的穿透效果不一,提出一种由Xilinx Artix-7FPGA与MT9V034图像传感器以及近红外LED阵列组成的指静脉成像光源的自适应反馈调光方式,保证近红外光强度稳定在一定范围,并与USB3.0开发了一套高速图像采集传输系统。经实验测试结果表明,上位机图像显示稳定,测量不同的手指,其指静脉清晰可见,图像数据上传速率可达42 Mbps以上。