Viscoacoustic prestack reverse time migration based onthe optimal time-space domain high-order finite-difference method

Prestack reverse time migration （RTM） is an accurate imaging method ofsubsurface media. The viscoacoustic prestack RTM is of practical significance because itconsiders the viscosity of the subsurface media. One of the steps of RTM is solving thewave equation and extrapolating the wave field forward and backward; therefore, solvingaccurately and efficiently the wave equation affects the imaging results and the efficiencyof RTM. In this study, we use the optimal time-space domain dispersion high-order finite-difference （FD） method to solve the viscoacoustic wave equation. Dispersion analysis andnumerical simulations show that the optimal time-space domain FD method is more accurateand suppresses the numerical dispersion. We use hybrid absorbing boundary conditions tohandle the boundary reflection. We also use source-normalized cross-correlation imagingconditions for migration and apply Laplace filtering to remove the low-frequency noise.Numerical modeling suggests that the viscoacoustic wave equation RTM has higher imagingresolution than the acoustic wave equation RTM when the viscosity of the subsurface isconsidered. In addition, for the wave field extrapolation, we use the adaptive variable-lengthFD operator to calculate the spatial derivatives and improve the computational efficiencywithout compromising the accuracy of the numerical solution.

Full-Wave Analysis of Slotline Using Time-Domain Finite-Difference Method

The transmission and dispersive characteristics of slotline are calculated in this paper. The tail of Gaussion pulse is improved because a modified dispersive boundary condition (DBC) is adopted. It leads to a reduction in computer memory requirements and computational time. The computational domain is greatly reduced to enable performance in personal computer. At the same time because edges of a boundary and summits are treated well, the computational results is more accurate and more collector.

Finite difference time domain method forward simulation of complex geoelectricity ground penetrating radar model

The ground penetrating radar(GPR) forward simulation all aims at the singular and regular models, such as sandwich model, round cavity, square cavity, and so on, which are comparably simple. But as to the forward of curl interface underground or “v” figure complex model, it is difficult to realize. So it is important to forward the complex geoelectricity model. This paper takes two Maxwell’s vorticity equations as departure point, makes use of the principles of Yee’s space grid model theory and the basic principle finite difference time domain method, and deduces a GPR forward system of equation of two dimensional spaces. The Mur super absorbed boundary condition is adopted to solve the super strong reflection on the interceptive boundary when there is the forward simulation. And a self-made program is used to process forward simulation to two typical geoelectricity model.

Finite-difference time-domain studies of low-frequency stop band in superconductor-dielectric superlattice

The transmission coefficients of electromagnetic （EM） waves due to a superconductor-dielectric superlattice are numerically calculated. Shift operator finite difference time domain （SO-FDTD） method is used in the analysis. By using the SO-FDTD method, the transmission spectrum is obtained and its characteristics are investigated for different thicknesses of superconductor layers and dielectric layers, from which a stop band starting from zero frequency can be apparently observed. The relation between this low-frequency stop band and relative temperature, and also the London penetration depth at a superconductor temperature of zero degree are discussed, separately. The low-frequency stop band properties of superconductor-dielectric superlattice thus are well disclosed.

Uniform stable conformal convolutional perfectly matched layer for enlarged cell technique conformal finite-difference time-domain method

Based on conformal construction of physical model in a three-dimensional Cartesian grid,an integral-based conformal convolutional perfectly matched layer（CPML） is given for solving the truncation problem of the open port when the enlarged cell technique conformal finite-difference time-domain（ECT-CFDTD） method is used to simulate the wave propagation inside a perfect electric conductor（PEC） waveguide.The algorithm has the same numerical stability as the ECT-CFDTD method.For the long-time propagation problems of an evanescent wave in a waveguide,several numerical simulations are performed to analyze the reflection error by sweeping the constitutive parameters of the integral-based conformal CPML.Our numerical results show that the integral-based conformal CPML can be used to efficiently truncate the open port of the waveguide.

Investigation of three-pulse photon echo in thick crystal using finite-difference time-domain method

This paper investigates the phenomenon of three-pulse photon echo in thick rare-earth ions doped crystal whose thickness is far larger than 0.002 cm which is adopted in previous works.The influence of thickness on the three-pulse photon echo＇s amplitude and efficiency is analyzed with the Maxwell-Bloch equations solved by finite-difference timedomain method.We demonstrate that the amplitude of three-pulse echo will increase with the increasing of thickness and the optimum thickness to generate three-pulse photon echo is 0.3 cm for Tm^（3＋）：YAG when the attenuation of the input pulse is taken into account.Meanwhile,we find the expression 0.09 exp（α＇L）,which is previously employed to describe the relationship between echo＇s efficiency and thickness,should be modified as 1.3 · 0.09 exp（2.4 ·α＇L） with the propagation of echo considered.

A Novel Absorbing Boundary Condition for the Frequency-Dependent Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method

A new absorbing boundary condition (ABC) for frequency dependent finite difference time domain algorithm for the arbitrary dispersive media is presented. The concepts of the digital systems are introduced to the (FD) 2TD method. On the basis of digital filter designing and vector algebra, the absorbing boundary condition under arbitrary angle of incidence are derived. The transient electromagnetic problems in two dimensions and three dimensions are calculated and the validity of the ABC is verified.

Optical simulation of in-plane-switching blue phase liquid crystal display using the finite-difference time-domain method

The finite-difference time-domain method is used to simulate the optical characteristics of an in-plane switching blue phase liquid crystal display.Compared with the matrix optic methods and the refractive method,the finite-difference timedomain method,which is used to directly solve Maxwell＇s equations,can consider the lateral variation of the refractive index and obtain an accurate convergence effect.The simulation results show that e-rays and o-rays bend in different directions when the in-plane switching blue phase liquid crystal display is driven by the operating voltage.The finitedifference time-domain method should be used when the distribution of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal display has a large lateral change.

An efficient locally one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method based on the conformal scheme

An efficient conformal locally one-dimensional finite-difference time-domain（LOD-CFDTD） method is presented for solving two-dimensional（2D） electromagnetic（EM） scattering problems. The formulation for the 2D transverse-electric（TE） case is presented and its stability property and numerical dispersion relationship are theoretically investigated. It is shown that the introduction of irregular grids will not damage the numerical stability. Instead of the staircasing approximation, the conformal scheme is only employed to model the curve boundaries, whereas the standard Yee grids are used for the remaining regions. As the irregular grids account for a very small percentage of the total space grids, the conformal scheme has little effect on the numerical dispersion. Moreover, the proposed method, which requires fewer arithmetic operations than the alternating-direction-implicit（ADI） CFDTD method, leads to a further reduction of the CPU time. With the total-field/scattered-field（TF/SF） boundary and the perfectly matched layer（PML）, the radar cross section（RCS） of two2 D structures is calculated. The numerical examples verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

Perfect plane-wave source for a high-order symplectic finite-difference time-domain scheme

The method of splitting a plane-wave finite-difference time-domain （SP-FDTD） algorithm is presented for the initiation of plane-wave source in the total-field / scattered-field （TF/SF） formulation of high-order symplectic finite- difference time-domain （SFDTD） scheme for the first time. By splitting the fields on one-dimensional grid and using the nature of numerical plane-wave in finite-difference time-domain （FDTD）, the identical dispersion relation can be obtained and proved between the one-dimensional and three-dimensional grids. An efficient plane-wave source is simulated on one-dimensional grid and a perfect match can be achieved for a plane-wave propagating at any angle forming an integer grid cell ratio. Numerical simulations show that the method is valid for SFDTD and the residual field in SF region is shrinked down to -300 dB.

A spherical higher-order finite-difference time-domain algorithm with perfectly matched layer

A higher-order finite-difference time-domain（HO-FDTD） in the spherical coordinate is presented in this paper. The stability and dispersion properties of the proposed scheme are investigated and an air-filled spherical resonator is modeled in order to demonstrate the advantage of this scheme over the finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） and the multiresolution time-domain（MRTD） schemes with respect to memory requirements and CPU time. Moreover, the Berenger＇s perfectly matched layer（PML） is derived for the spherical HO-FDTD grids, and the numerical results validate the efficiency of the PML.

Numerical Solutions of Finite Well in Two Dimensions Using the Finite Difference Time Domain Method

The higher excited states for two dimensional finite rectangular well potential are calculated numerically,by solving the Schrödinger equation using the finite difference time domain method.Although,this method is suitable to calculate the ground state of the quantum systems,it has been improved to calculate the higher excited states directly.The improvement is based on modifying the iterative process involved in this method to include two procedures.The first is known as cooling steps and the second is known as a heating step.By determining the required length of the cooling iteration steps using suitable excitation energy estimate,and repeating these two procedures using suitable initial guess function for sufficient times.This modified iteration will lead automatically to the desired excited state.In the two dimensional finite rectangular well potential problem both of the suitable excitation energy and the suitable initial guess wave function are calculated analytically using the separation of variables technique.

Modeling of Surface Waves in a Fluid Saturated Poro-Elastic Medium under Initial Stress Using Time-Space Domain Higher Order Finite Difference Method

In this present context, mathematical modeling of the propagation of surface waves in a fluid saturated poro-elastic medium under the influence of initial stress has been considered using time dependent higher order finite difference method (FDM). We have proved that the accuracy of this finite-difference scheme is 2M when we use 2nd order time domain finite-difference and 2M-th order space domain finite-difference. It also has been shown that the dispersion curves of Love waves are less dispersed for higher order FDM than of lower order FDM. The effect of initial stress, porosity and anisotropy of the layer in the propagation of Love waves has been studied here. The numerical results have been shown graphically. As a particular case, the phase velocity in a non porous elastic solid layer derived in this paper is in perfect agreement with that of Liu et al. (2009).

Finite-difference time-domain modeling of curved material interfaces by using boundary condition equations method

To deal with the staircase approximation problem in the standard finite-difference time-domain（FDTD） simulation,the two-dimensional boundary condition equations（BCE） method is proposed in this paper.In the BCE method,the standard FDTD algorithm can be used as usual,and the curved surface is treated by adding the boundary condition equations.Thus,while maintaining the simplicity and computational efficiency of the standard FDTD algorithm,the BCE method can solve the staircase approximation problem.The BCE method is validated by analyzing near field and far field scattering properties of the PEC and dielectric cylinders.The results show that the BCE method can maintain a second-order accuracy by eliminating the staircase approximation errors.Moreover,the results of the BCE method show good accuracy for cylinder scattering cases with different permittivities.

高阶SF-SFDTD方法在含时薛定谔方程求解中的应用研究

时域有限差分方法(finite-difference time-domain,FDTD(2,2))被广泛用于量子力学中薛定谔方程的求解,然而受Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)条件的影响,计算空间中的网格尺寸会限制时间步长的取值范围,极大降低了FDTD(2,2)方法的数值计算效率.另外,FDTD(2,2)方法在时间域和空间域只具有二阶数值精度,在计算中往往会导致较大的误差累计,影响仿真结果的正确性.为了克服这些问题,结合空间滤波方法(spatial filtering,SF)和高阶辛时域有限差分(symplectic finite-difference time-domain,SFDTD(3,4))方法(3和4分别表示时间和空间数值精度),提出了一种时间稳定性条件可扩展的SF-SFDTD(3,4)方法用于求解含时薛定谔方程.SF-SFDTD(3,4)方法无需对传统SFDTD(3,4)方法的迭代公式进行进一步的推导,只需要在每一次的数值迭代过程中加入空间滤波操作,滤除因采用不满足CFL条件的时间步长而产生的不稳定空间域高频分量,保证数值方法的稳定性,因此所提方法与传统SFDTD(3,4)方法具有较高的兼容性.同时,理论分析了SF-SFDTD(3,4)方法的数值色散误差.最后,通过数值算例验证了本文所提方法的正确性和有效性.

基于HIE-FDTD方法的电磁热耦合分析快速计算方法研究

基于混合显隐式时域有限差分(hybrid implicit-explicit finite-difference time-domain,HIE-FDTD)方法,提出了一种电磁热耦合分析快速计算方法。仿真电磁场时,采用HIE-FDTD方法求解Maxwell旋度方程;计算温度场时,采用时域有限差分(finite-difference time-domain,FDTD)方法求解热传导方程。由于HIE-FDTD方法只对1维空间偏导数采用隐式差分方法进行离散,因此时间步长不受电磁目标精细结构所在方向网格大小的限制。采用电磁热耦合分析快速计算方法对十字缝隙频率选择表面的电磁热耦合效应进行分析,并将仿真结果与采用传统FDTD方法、CST软件以及COMSOL软件的仿真结果进行对比,所有结果均相互符合。十字缝隙频率选择表面算例结果表明:在保证计算精度的前提下,采用HIE-FDTD方法的仿真时间仅为传统FDTD方法仿真时间的1/6,有效提高了电磁热耦合仿真的计算效率。

基于ADI-FDTD法的探地雷达正演数值模拟及验证

探地雷达(GPR)是一种应用前景广泛、用于探测和定位地下物体的浅层地球物理方法。通过开展探地雷达正演模拟研究,可以获得复杂地下结构的探地雷达图像回波特征。时域有限差分(FDTD)法受到稳定性和收敛性条件的限制,导致效率和精度低。交替方向隐式-时域有限差分(ADI-FDTD)法克服FDTD法的稳定性限制,可以选择更大的时间步长来提高计算效率。从原理出发,对ADI-FDTD法进行公式推导,在基于ADI-FDTD法的基础上进行卷积完全匹配层(CPML)的结合。通过进行ADI-FDTD法的时间稳定性仿真和不同材质、不同填充介质的双管,沙槽正演模拟实验,结果表明,ADI-FDTD法可以保证时间无条件稳定性,相同情况下可采用更大的时间步长进行正演模拟,提高正演效率。对不同管线、不同材质情况下的正演剖面曲线特征进行解译分析,最后与沙槽实测进行对比,证明得到的探测解译结果与实际状况达到较好的吻合。

融合FDTD与遗传算法的高精度光学薄膜优化

该研究提出一种融合时域有限差分法(FDTD)和遗传算法的优化框架,旨在提高光学薄膜的反射性能。选择三层薄膜结构作为研究对象,通过使用FDTD方法计算薄膜结构的反射率,并将其作为遗传算法中的适应度函数。通过两者结合,在多维设计空间中有效搜索到了优化参数,显著降低了薄膜的反射率。这一方法不仅降低了计算成本,还提供了一种灵活且可扩展的解决方案,对未来高性能光学系统的设计和优化具有重要的实际意义。

High-Order Spatial FDTD Solver of Maxwell’s Equations for Terahertz Radiation Production

We applied a spatial high-order finite-difference-time-domain (HO-FDTD) scheme to solve 2D Maxwell’s equations in order to develop a fluid model employed to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma. We examined the performance of the applied scheme, in this context, we implemented the developed model to study selected phenomena in terahertz radiation production, such as the excitation energy and conversion efficiency of the produced THz radiation, in addition to the influence of the pulse chirping on properties of the produced radiation. The obtained numerical results have clarified that the applied HO-FDTD scheme is precisely accurate to solve Maxwell’s equations and sufficiently valid to study the production of terahertz radiation by the filamentation of two femtosecond lasers in air plasma.

基于RKADE-SS-FDTD方法的无条件稳定高阶CFS-PML算法

为了提升完全匹配层(PML)算法的吸收效果,提出了一种用于截断非磁化等离子体的高阶复频率偏移PML(HO-CFS-PML)算法。该算法将龙格-库塔辅助微分方程(RKADE)算法和分裂步时域有限差分(SS-FDTD)算法相结合,来对非磁化等离子体进行仿真。在计算域边界处,引入了由辅助微分方程(ADE)算法实现的HO-CFS-PML用于截断开放区域中的等离子体,并通过一个数值算例进行模拟。结果表明:所提出的HO-RKADE-SS-CFS-PML算法在柯朗-弗里德里希斯-列维(CFL)数(CFLN)为8时,相比于传统CFS-PML算法,时间减少率可以达到79.2%,证明了该算法能够有效地消除柯朗-弗里德里希斯-列维(CFL)稳定性条件的约束,大大节省了计算时间;此外,HO-RKADE-SS-CFS-PML算法的最大相对反射误差可以达到-115 dB,明显小于其他算法的相对反射误差,并且随着CFLN的增大,该算法不会像RKADE-ADI-CFS-PML算法那样产生明显的误差增大现象,证明本文算法在大时间步长下拥有比其他算法更好的吸收电磁波的能力。