Deformation warning index for reinforced concrete dam based on structural health monitoring data and numerical simulation

The material mechanical parameters of the dam body and foundation will change when a dam is reinforced during the aging process.This causes significant changes in the structural state of the project and makes it difficult to ensure its structural safety.In this study,a new deformation warning index for reinforced concrete dams was developed according to the prototype monitoring data,statistical models,three-dimensional finite element model(FEM)numerical simulation,and the critical conditions of the dam structure.A statistical model was established to separate the water pressure component.Then,a three-dimensional FEM of the reinforced concrete dam was constructed to simulate the water pressure component.Furthermore,the deformation components that affected the mechanical parameters of the dam under the same amount of reservoir water level change were separated and quantified accurately.In addition,the method for inversion of comprehensive mechanical parameters after dam reinforcement was used.The influence mechanisms of the deformation behavior of concrete dams under the reservoir water level and temperature changes were investigated.A new deformation warning index was developed by combining the forward-simulated critical water pressure component and temperature component in the period of extreme temperature decrease with the aging component separated by the statistical model.The new deformation warning index considers the structural state of the dam before and after reinforcement and links the structural strength criterion and the deformation evolution mechanisms.It provides a theoretical foundation and decision support for long-term service and operation management of reinforced dams.

Monitoring of Real-Time Complex Deformed Shapes of Thin-Walled Channel Beam Structures Subject to the Coupling Between Bi-Axial Bending and Warping Torsion

Structural health monitoring(SHM)is a research focus involving a large category of techniques performing in-situ identification of structural damage,stress,external loads,vibration signatures,etc.Among various SHM techniques,those able to monitoring structural deformed shapes are considered as an important category.A novel method of deformed shape reconstruction for thinwalled beam structures was recently proposed by Xu et al.[1],which is capable of decoupling complex beam deformations subject to the combination of different loading cases,including tension/compression,bending and warping torsion,and also able to reconstruct the full-field displacement distributions.However,this method was demonstrated only under a relatively simple loading coupling cases,involving uni-axial bending and warping torsion.The effectiveness of the method under more complex loading cases needs to be thoroughly investigated.In this study,more complex deformations under the coupling between bi-axial bending and warping torsion was decoupled using the method.The set of equations for deformation decoupling was established,and the reconstruction algorithm for bending and torsion deformation were utilized.The effectiveness and accuracy of the method was examined using a thin-walled channel beam,relying on analysis results of finite element analysis(FEA).In the analysis,the influence of the positions of the measurement of surface strain distributions on the reconstruction accuracy was discussed.Moreover,different levels of measurement noise were added to the axial strain values based on numerical method,and the noise resistance ability of the deformation reconstruction method was investigated systematically.According to the FEA results,the effectiveness and precision of the method in complex deformation decoupling and reconstruction were demonstrated.Moreover,the immunity of the method to measurement noise was proven to be considerably strong.

基于实测数据立式热水储能罐罐壁力学特性分析

为掌握立式储能罐结构的受力特征,基于某30 000 m~3立式热水储能罐项目,依托远程监测技术采集了运行状态下罐壁应力和温度数据,将采集结果与考虑罐底摩擦接触约束建立的有限元模型分析结果进行比较,验证了此有限元模拟方法的合理性;依托实测温度数据,研究了立式储能罐罐壁热力耦合作用下罐壁位移以及应力分布规律。结果表明:罐壁底部和顶部为温度影响敏感区域,温度升高,使其产生压应力;对于环向应力,在底部受温度荷载影响较顶部更显著;而对于竖向应力,影响主要是罐壁底部;温度对罐壁变形影响较大,在空罐时,最大位移位置出现在罐壁最顶端;而满罐时最大变形位置出现在中上部的位置,温度作用大于静水压力对罐壁变形的影响。

基于施工全过程健康监测的装配式部分包覆钢-混凝土组合结构体系动力特性研究

为研究装配式部分包覆钢-混凝土组合结构的动力特性,基于世博文化公园双子山项目,采用全过程健康监测手段对装配式PEC结构体系施工全过程的应力、加速度进行监测,研究其阻尼比和自振频率在施工过程中的变化情况,将实测结果与有限元计算结果进行对比。结果表明:结构应力计算值、自振频率计算值等均与实测值吻合较好,验证了结构施工全过程仿真模拟计算的合理性。施工过程中PEC框架梁柱及节点后浇区的型钢及混凝土应力实际监测结果均满足强度要求。节点后浇区混凝土浇筑前后,结构自振周期和阻尼比差别较小;结构顶部覆土恒载施加完成后,结构的自振周期和阻尼比均较之前有所增大。结构设计时阻尼比取0.04,小于施工完成后的阻尼比实测值最小值0.046,阻尼比取值偏于安全,设计阻尼比取值合理。

无损检测数字孪生技术在乌江特大桥中的应用

在乌江特大桥健康检测系统建设中,提出基于数字孪生技术的无损检测(NDT)方法,结合三维建模技术、传感器技术、有限元(FE)分析和代理模型,FE模型中的每个节点都可视为虚拟传感器,用于反映该桥结构性能。通过数字孪生技术的NDT方法,能够全面检测整座桥梁的结构性能,提供有力支持。此外,充分整合FE模型的结构分析能力和代理模型易建模和成本较低等特点,降低维护成本,并延长桥梁使用寿命。

建筑基桩动力特性分析及健康监测技术研究

通过深入研究了建筑基桩的动力特性,并探讨了相关的健康监测技术。介绍建筑基桩动力学的理论基础。阐述动力特性分析方法。以及探讨基桩健康监测技术的原理,聚焦于动力作用下的健康诊断技术,涉及动态应变数据分析、疲劳损伤评估方法,以及预警机制与决策支持系统的建立。旨在为建筑基桩的安全运营提供科学有效的监测与诊断手段。

Influence of local geometric parameters on fatigue performance of orthotropic steel deck

Fatigue has become critical issue for bridge with orthotropic steel deck.Number of stress cycle and equivalent stress amplitude were adopted as two investigated fatigue effects.As presented from fatigue monitoring comparison of two series-lined bridges,three local geometric parameters of steel box girder have significant influence on fatigue performance of two welded joints.They are thickness of longitudinal ribs(Tr),longitudinal spacing of transverse floor plate(Sc)and longitudinal truss(LT).Fatigue analytical models were created for parametric study of fatigue effects under wheel load.Consequently,three local parameters have exhibited insignificant influence on number of stress cycle.Compared with Tr and Sc,configuration of LT has brought about foremost effect on the equivalent stress amplitude.For equivalent stress amplitude of rib-to-deck and rib-to-rib welded joints,the influence regions of LT are respectively longitudinal strap and quadrate with the geometric length of 600 mm.Enough attention ought to be paid for local stiffen structure on fatigue performance of orthotropic steel deck in fatigue design and monitoring.

大跨斜拱桥结构健康监测系统的设计与开发

沈阳伯官大桥是中国首座六跨中承式飘带形提篮斜拱桥,为确保该桥在施工及服役期间的安全,对其设计并安装了一套完整的结构健康监测系统。介绍了安装系统的仪器选型及测点布设方案,监测系统的功能、构成及其实现过程,包括传感器子系统、数据采集与传输子系统、数据管理子系统以及状态评估子系统。为满足传感器数量多、分布广、信号测量精度和同步性要求高的需求,自主研发了一套分布式结构健康监测数据同步采集仪器,实现了多类型传感器及多终端设备之间的精准同步采集。该监测系统为实时监测桥梁的响应,在线把握桥梁的性态,合理制定桥梁的养护计划,提供了有效的手段。

广州新塔不同激励下动力特性监测

广州塔结构健康监测系统监测到结构建成后不同激励(包括台风激励,地震激励和一般风荷载激励)下结构的动态响应特性。首先,比较了在不同激励下结构的加速度时程响应和功率谱密度。然后,利用加速度响应数据进行模态分析并比较了在不同激励下结构的模态参数(包括频率、振型和阻尼比)。最后,利用希尔伯特-黄变换获得结构在不同激励下的瞬时频率和结构响应能量分布,并与小波变换的结果相比较。结果可为了解超高层建筑在不同激励下的动力特性提供参考。

基于时频分析方法的桥梁结构健康监测系统

桥梁的振动信号作为反映桥梁结构健康状况的重要指标,具有非线性、非平稳特点。时频分析方法是非平稳信号处理的重要分支,该方法利用时间和频率的联合函数来表示非平稳信号,并进行分析和处理。本文针对杭州下沙大桥桥梁结构健康监测系统采集的振动信号,分别利用小波分析和HHT方法进行多尺度分解、去噪与重构,并对两种时频分析方法进行比较研究。实验结果表明了时频分析方法在桥梁振动信号动力特性分析与处理中的可行性与有效性,并为该方法在桥梁监测系统的应用提供了理论依据。

Deformation early-warning index for heightened gravity dam during impoundment period

The mechanical parameters of materials in a dam body and dam foundation tend to change when dams are reinforced in aging processes.It is important to use an early-warning index to reflect the safety status of dams,particularly of heightened projects in the impoundment period.Herein,a new method for monitoring the safety status of heightened dams is proposed based on the deformation monitoring data of a dam structure,a statistical model,and finite-element numerical simulation.First,a fast optimization inversion method for estimation of dam mechanical parameters was developed,which used the water pressure component extracted from a statistical model,an improved inversion objective function,and a genetic optimization iterative algorithm.Then,a finite element model of a heightened concrete gravity dam was established,and the deformation behavior of the dam with rising water levels in the impoundment period was simulated.Subsequently,mechanical parameters of aged dam parts were calculated using the fast optimization inversion method with simulated deformation and the water pressure deformation component obtained by the statistical model under the same conditions of water pressure change.Finally,a new earlywarning index of dam deformation was constructed by means of the forward-simulated deformation and other components of the statistical model.The early-warning index is useful for forecasting dam deformation under different water levels,especially high water levels.

基于桥梁实测应变大数据的超重车信号识别方法

以珠江黄埔大桥北汊斜拉桥为研究对象,初步尝试利用实测应变大数据对超重车荷载这类异常信号进行识别。通过在桥梁有限元实体模型上施加临界荷载,得到判别超重车信号的应变阈值;将小波变换得到的实测应变数据的高频分量与应变阈值进行对比,从而提出基于应变阈值的超重车信号识别方法。将该方法与文献中基于小波临界系数的纯信号处理识别方法进行对比,证明了该方法的合理有效性。结合两种方法对多个监测点实测数据进行识别,不仅可以初步确定超重车信号发生的高频时间段;而且可以提高超重车信号识别的概率。该结果可以为桥梁管理部门提供更有价值的指导。

天津文化中心图书馆复杂钢框架体系安装技术

天津文化中心图书馆采用了全新的设计理念,实现了超大共享空间、低层阶梯状的平台与上部大跨度连廊以及大尺度悬挑形成的方格造型。结构设计必须采用不对称的框架-支撑结构体系,这种结构体系在国内的钢结构设计中尚属首次,主要特点为:存在楼板开大洞、扭转不规则、侧向刚度不规则、竖向构件不连续以及大跨度、大悬挑桁架等。施工过程中综合使用了"结构补偿、施工方案虚拟技术、多级荷载转换施工技术、工程施工全程实时监控技术",有效地控制了钢结构安装过程中出现的应力与应变,结构安装精度达到了国家规范与设计要求。

南京长江大桥动力特性分析

建于1968年的南京长江大桥上部结构为钢桁梁,下部基础为桩基础和沉井基础,至今已安全营运37年。其动力特性分析,可为该桥的模型修正、健康监测、状态评估、损伤识别以及抗震分析等提供前提条件和依据。根据大桥结构特点,利用ANSYS建立只考虑上部结构的空间有限元模型和同时考虑上部结构和下部结构的空间有限元模型,对其动力特性进行计算,并对两个模型的前6阶自振频率和振型进行分析,通过与现场实测结果比较表明,在低阶振动时可不考虑下部结构的影响,在高阶振动时要考虑下部结构的影响。

导管架平台结构健康监测传感器优化布置

导管架平台长期受恶劣的海洋环境影响,环境腐蚀、海生物附着、海底冲刷及海上风浪流等作用,平台结构易产生各种形式的损伤。结构损伤会引起结构刚度的改变,结构模态参数直接反映了结构刚度变化情况。文中以南海某导管架平台为例,介绍了海上导管架平台结构健康监测(SHM)加速度传感器优化布置(OSP)方法。通过数值计算获得平台结构前3阶振动模态,应用EI法、MKE法及MAC法确定平台三向加速度传感器布置的数量及位置。经实践表明,EI与MAC法组合是导管架SHM中传感器优化布置(OSP)的最佳方法。

露顶式弧形闸门静动态应力数值分析与试验验证

为了确保某水库溢洪道露顶式弧形闸门在各工况下稳定运行以及实现闸门的结构健康监测,结合相关标准分析弧形闸门的静动态应力及变形情况,对露顶式弧形闸门不同运行工况进行研究。采用有限元仿真的方法,分别运用静力学仿真和流固耦合仿真分析计算0~6.5 m水深及0~6 m开度工况下露顶式弧形闸门的应力变形情况;并在现场进行测量试验,在弧形闸门上布置应力传感器,测量在1.4 m水深下弧形闸门在静止和启闭过程的静动态应力。结果表明:弧形闸门面板等效应力值在闸门6.5 m水深下启门瞬间达到最大值,为148.71 MPa;弧形闸门除面板外其他部位等效应力在闸门开度为6 m时达到最大值,为207.63 MPa;弧形闸门主、次梁的总变形量均在闸门6.5 m水深下启门瞬间达到最大值,分别为8.46、8.65 mm。仿真分析结果和传感器测量结果两者的误差在20%以内。

瀛洲大桥结构健康监测系统设计

根据洛阳瀛洲大桥作为城市景观桥梁的异型拱桥结构特点和养护管理的需求,提出了基于自动化传感测试在线监测系统与人工巡检系统相结合的综合监测策略。根据大桥构件在结构安全中的重要性和易损性确定了监测内容,采用通用软件ANSYS建立了大桥空间有限元结构分析模型,进行全桥结构静动力特性分析,重点对于大桥关键受力区-拱脚倒三角区进行了应力分布研究。在此基础上进行了FBG等传感器布置,对于大桥运营结构预警与评估实施方法等进行了探讨。在结构监测、预警与安全评估方面,提出以"结构第一传力体系静力特点为主,动力特点为辅"的方法,提升了评估技术的实用性和可靠性,为进行大桥结构状态识别、结构的承载力评估与结构安全评估等进一步工作奠定基础。

导管架平台结构多质点简化模型研究

在导管架结构损伤识别与健康监测中,由于受到海洋环境的限制,传感器布置的数量非常少,使得试验模态的自由度数远远小于实际结构有限元模型的自由度数,其在空间上不完备的问题比较突出。根据导管架平台结构的特点,引入平台各层刚体运动的假设,按柔度方法将导管架结构三维有限元模型简化为x、y向平动和绕z轴转动的串联多质点模型,并将其计算结果与有限元模型的结果进行比较。研究结果表明:导管架有限元模型与多质点简化模型在x、y向平动和绕z轴转动的1阶模态参数上两者结果比较接近,绕z轴转动的最大误差为3.055%;而在x、y向平动的最大误差不超过1%。该模型的简化为导管架结构损伤识别与健康监测提供了便利。

脉动试验和有限元分析在桥梁结构健康监测中的应用

基于脉动试验和有限元分析对某公路桥梁进行了健康状况评估。基于ANSYS对该桥梁的新、旧桥进行了有限元模态分析,得出了其横竖向前两阶频率。通过脉动试验,得出了新、旧桥的横竖向前两阶测试频率。经过比较可以看出桥梁的刚度和整体性有所加强,动力性能较好。