A Finite-Time Convergent Analysis of Continuous Action Iterated Dilemma

Dear Editor,In this letter, a finite-time convergent analysis of continuous action iterated dilemma(CAID) is proposed. In traditional evolutionary game theory, the strategy of the player is binary(cooperation or defection), which limits the number of strategies a player can choose from.

A generalization of Banach's lemma and its applications to perturbations of bounded linear operators

Let X be a Banach space and let P:X→X be a bounded linear operator.Using an algebraic inequality on the spectrum of P,we give a new sufficient condition that guarantees the existence of(I-P)^(-1) as a bounded linear operator on X,and a bound on its spectral radius is also obtained.This generalizes the classic Banach lemma.We apply the result to the perturbation analysis of general bounded linear operators on X with commutative perturbations.

THE BOUNDARY SCHWARZ LEMMA AND THE RIGIDITY THEOREM ON REINHARDT DOMAINS B_(p)^(n) OF C^(n)

By introducing the Carathéodory metric,we establish the Schwarz lemma at the boundary for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit p-ball B_(p)^(n) of C^(n).Furthermore,the boundary rigidity theorem for holomorphic self-mappings defined on B_(n)^(p) is obtained.These results cover the boundary Schwarz lemma and rigidity result for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit ball for p=2,and the unit polydisk for p=∞,respectively.

Rice AGL1 determines grain size and sterile lemma identity

The grass spikelet is a unique inflorescence structure that determines grain size.Although many genetic factors have been well characterized for grain size and glume development,the underlying molecular mechanisms in rice are far from established.Here,we isolated rice gene,AGL1 that controlled grain size and determines the fate of the sterile lemma.Loss of function of AGL1 produced larger grains and reduced the size of the sterile lemma.Larger grains in the agl1 mutant were caused by a larger number of cells that were longer and wider than in the wild type.The sterile lemma in the mutant spikelet was converted to a rudimentary glume-like organ.Our findings showed that the AGL1(also named LAX1)protein positively regulated G1 expression,and negatively regulated NSG1 expression,thereby affecting the fate of the sterile lemma.Taken together,our results revealed that AGL1 played a key role in negative regulation of grain size by controlling cell proliferation and expansion,and supported the opinion that rudimentary glume and sterile lemma in rice are homologous organs.

National Security Dilemma in the Digital Era and the Building of a Community with a Shared Future in Cyberspace

A review of the history of human development shows that every major technological revolution brings new challenges to national security.With the advent of the information technology revolution represented by the Internet,cybersecurity has become an issue of paramount importance,and the digital intelligence revolution with digital technology innovations such as big data and cloud computing has further expanded the connotation and extension of cybersecurity.

A Proof of Brouwer’s Fixed Point Theorem Using Sperner’s Lemma

This article offers a simple but rigorous proof of Brouwer’s fixed point theorem using Sperner’s Lemma.The general method I have used so far in the proof is mainly to convert the n-dimensional shapes to the corresponding case under the Sperner’s Labeling and apply the Sperner’s Lemma to solve the question.

一类两阶段自适应鲁棒多目标规划的对偶性刻画

该文主要研究一类目标函数和约束函数均具有谱面不确定数据的两阶段自适应鲁棒多目标规划问题.首先,建立具有仿射自适应变量的两阶段自适应鲁棒多目标规划问题的Farkas引理.随后,引入该多目标规划问题的半定规划对偶问题.最后,借助该Farkas引理,刻画它们之间的对偶性质.

带导数非线性项的耦合Tricomi方程组解的破裂

在空间维数n≥2时,研究带导数非线性项的耦合Tricomi方程组的小初值问题。通过定义问题的能量解并构造适当的检验函数,得到关于解的积分泛函的不等式。根据非线性项指数的范围将解的性态研究分为次临界情形及临界情形。在次临界情形利用改进的Kato引理,在临界情形利用迭代方法,证明了问题的解会在有限时间破裂。同时,在次临界情形得到幂次形式解的生命跨度的上界估计,在临界情形得到指数形式解的生命跨度的上界估计,推广了现有文献的结论。

具有奇异性Duffing型p-Laplace方程的周期解

本文研究Duffing型p-Laplace方程(Φ_(p)(x′))′+g (x)=p(t)周期解的存在性。当g具有奇异性且满足单边非共振条件时,应用连续性引理和相平面分析的方法,证明了该方程周期解的存在性。

和优化问题的松弛型Farkas引理

利用共轭函数的上图性质,并引入2类新的约束规范条件,建立了和优化问题的松弛型Farkas引理.

裸燕麦小花形态表型鉴定方法与落粒的形态学机制研究

落粒性是影响裸燕麦产量与品质的关键性状。本研究对228份具有代表性的裸燕麦材料的落粒性及小花的形态等15个性状进行田间多点鉴定,并建立了裸燕麦小花形态表型的鉴定方法。结果表明,15个性状在3个试验地点之间均表现出了不同程度的差异;裸燕麦的落粒性同内稃宽度(相关系数r=-0.36)、内稃面积(r=-0.30)、外稃宽度(r=-0.26)等9个性状呈显著或极显著负相关,与种子同内稃宽度的比值(r=0.37)及种子同外稃宽度的比值(r=0.20)呈极显著正相关,说明内外稃的宽度影响小花中种子的包裹程度,外稃厚度影响小花抵抗外力的能力,从而影响裸燕麦的落粒性。K-means聚类分析将参试材料分为两大类,Ⅰ类占整个群体的48%(110个),内稃和外稃整体上更加窄小,落粒性较高;Ⅱ类占群体的52%(118个),内稃和外稃整体上更加宽大,落粒性较低。对3个地点参试材料落粒性的密度分布进行了分析,提出了裸燕麦落粒性评价的等级划分标准:0~0.03为低落粒性,0.03~0.08为中落粒性,0.08~0.16为较高落粒性,0.16~0.23为高落粒性,大于0.23为极高落粒性。

Identities on q-Harmonic Numbers

With the help of the classical Abel’s lemma on summation by parts and algorithm of q-hypergeometric summations, we deal with the summation, which can be written as multiplication of a q-hypergeometric term and q-harmonic numbers. This enables us to construct and prove identities on q-harmonic numbers. Several examples are also given.

基于多用户变色龙哈希的可修正联盟链方案设计

因存在缺乏数据监管策略、数据包含可疑或有害信息、数据上链后无法修改等问题,现有的区块链架构容易成为低成本网络犯罪的法外场所,因而限制了其可用性。可修正区块链方案被认为是解决这一问题的有效途径,但如何将这一理念与联盟链的优势相结合是一个尚未解决的技术问题。为此,所提方案扩展了变色龙哈希函数的概念到多用户情形,引入群组公钥,完善了单一用户持有密钥导致的修改权限中心化问题。在此基础上,提出了一种面向联盟链的可修正区块链方案,采用请求修改-修改验证的两阶段模式完成修改功能。在通用模型和随机预言模型下,基于离散对数问题困难假设,分别证明了所提方案是抗碰撞的和多用户安全的。仿真实验和对比分析论证了所提方案的有效性和可用性。

一类Kirchhoff-Poisson系统在Heisenberg群上解的存在性

在Heisenberg群上研究了一类临界的Kirchhoff-Poisson系统。由于存在临界和非局部项,导致空间嵌入不紧,在非线性项适当的假设下,通过变分方法克服了空间的紧性并且得到该系统至少存在一个解。在此基础上,借助形变引理和拓扑度理论,证明了该解是一个变号解。

New versions of Barbalat's lemma with applications

This note presents a set of new versions of Barbalat＇s lemma combining with positive （negative） definite functions.Based on these results,a set of new formulations of Lyapunov-like lemma are established.A simple example shows the usefulness of our results.

A NOTE ON SCHWARZ LEMMA FOR THE MODULUS OF HOLOMORPHIC MAPPINGS ON D

In this note, we consider a holomorphic mapping f from the unit disk C in C to p-ball B^p = {z∈C^n;i=1∑n｜zi｜p〈1,1〈p〈＋∞. It is proved that for such f,｜ ｜ ｜f｜｜（z）｜≤1-｜｜f（z）｜｜^2/1-｜z｜^2,z∈D. The extremal problem is also discussed when p is an even number. This result extends some related results on Schwarz lemma.

A version of Hill's lemma for Cosserat continuum

On the basis of Hill＇s lemma for classical Cauchy continuum, a version of Hill＇s lemma for micro-macro homogenization modeling of heterogeneous Cosserat continuum is presented in the flame of average-field theory. The admissible boundary conditions required to prescribe on the representative volume element for the modeling are extracted and discussed to ensure the satisfaction of Hill-Mandel energy condition and the first-order average field theory.

The soft glumes of common wheat are sterile-lemmas as determined by the domestication gene Q

The Q gene in common wheat encodes an APETALA2(AP2) transcription factor that causes the free threshing attribute. Wheat spikelets bearing several florets are subtended by a pair of soft glumes that allow free liberation of seeds. In wild species, the glumes are tough and rigid,making threshing difficult. However, the nature of these "soft glumes", caused by the domestication allele Q is not clear. Here, we found that over expression of Q in common wheat leads to homeotic florets at glume positions. We provide phenotypic, microscopy, and marker genes evidence to demonstrate that the soft glumes of common wheat are in fact lemma-like organs, or so-called sterile-lemmas. By comparing the structures subtending spikelets in wheat and other crops such as rice and maize, we found that AP2 genes may play conserved functions in grasses by manipulating vestigial structures, such as floret-derived soft glumes in wheat and empty glumes in rice. Conversion of these seemingly vegetative organs to reproductive organs may be useful in yield improvement of crop species.

A SCHWARZ-PICK LEMMA FOR THE MODULUS OF HOLOMORPHIC MAPPINGS FROM THE POLYDISK INTO THE UNIT BALL

In this paper we prove a Schwarz-Pick lemma for the modulus of holomorphic mappings from the polydisk into the unit ball. This result extends some related results.

THE SCHWARZ LEMMA AT THE BOUNDARY OF THE NON-CONVEX COMPLEX ELLIPSOIDS

Let B2,p :={z∈C2 :|z1|^2 +|z2|^p < 1}(0 < p < 1). Then, B2,p (0 < p < 1) is a non-convex complex ellipsoid in C2 without smooth boundary. In this article, we establish a boundary Schwarz lemma at z0 ∈B2,p for holomorphic self-mappings of the non-convex complex ellipsoid ￡2?, where zq is any smooth boundary point of B2,p.