Gravitational Space-Time Quantization for Charged Wormholes and the Diophantine Uncertainty Relation

This research work proceeds from the assumption, which was still considered by Einstein, that the quantization of gravity does not require additional external procedures: quantum phenomena can be a consequence of the properties of the universal gravitational interaction, which maps any physical field upon the space-time geometry. Therefore, an attempt is made in this research work to reduce the quantization of physical fields in GRT to the space-time quantization. Three reasons for quantum phenomena are considered: Partition of space-time into a set of unconnected Novikov’s R- and T-domains impenetrable for light paths;the set is generated by the invariance of Einstein’s equations with respect to dual mappings;The existence of electric charge quanta of wormholes, which geometrically describe elementary particles in GRT. This gives rise to a discrete spectrum of their physical and geometric parameters governed by Diophantine equations. It is shown that the fundamental constants (electric charge, rest masses of an electron and a proton) are interconnected arithmetically;The existence of the so-called Diophantine catastrophe, when fluctuations in the values of physical constants tending to zero lead to fluctuations in the number of electric charges and the number of nucleons at the wormhole throats, which tend to infinity, so that the product of the increments of these numbers by the increment of physical constants forms a relation equivalent to the uncertainty relation in quantum mechanics. This suggests that space-time cannot but fluctuate, and, moreover, its fluctuations are bounded from below, so that all processes become chaotic, and the observables become averaged over this chaos.

On Maxwell-Lorentz Equations in Dirac’s Symmetrisation and Their Analogs for Gravitation and Space-Time

In further discussion on the Maxwell-Lorentz equations in Dirac’s symmetrisation, I introduce the concept of magnetic monopole as an “act of electric current” in the 2nd equation (i.e. the analog of the “act of movement” in Classical Mechanics), I postulate a “magnetic displacement current” and a “magnetomotive force” in the 3rd and 4th equations, respectively (i.e. the analogs of the “electric displacement current” and of the “electromotive force” in the 4th and 3rd equations, respectively). As a consequence, I propose a generalised vision of the Electromagnetism in which inhomogeneous, microscopic, and relativistically linked equations describe the static and the oscillatory phenomena. Then, in the frame of Relativity, I propose analog microscopic equations to study the Gravitation and the Space-Time in terms of static and oscillatory phenomena: the static equations show the sources of newly defined vector fields (the generalised mass density as the source of the generalised mass field, the generalised time density as the source of the generalised space field, respectively), whereas the oscillatory equations describe the propagation of the gravitational waves and of the spatiotemporal waves, respectively. In other words, I propose to unify Electromagnetism, Gravitation, and Space-Time in terms of microscopic Maxwell-Lorentz-like equations in Dirac’s symmetrisation, where the unifying trait is c. Finally, using the concepts of the proposed generalised Electromagnetism, I discuss the conservation in Electromagnetism and the interaction between matter and electromagnetic waves.

Pinched Material Einstein Space-Time Produces Accelerated Cosmic Expansion

An instructive analogy between the deformation of a pinched elastic cylindrical shell and the anti-gravity behind accelerated cosmic expansion is established. Subsequently the entire model is interpreted in terms of a hyperbolic fractal Rindler space-time leading to the same robust results regarding real energy and dark energy being 4.5% and 95.5% respectively in full agreement with all recent cosmological measurements.

General Relativity without Curved Space-Time (₲R)

The theory of general relativity is related to the concept of curvature of space- time induced by the presence of the massive objects. We will see through this paper that the general relativity can be linked with linear Algebra and Vector Analysis without the need for concept of space-time. This is important for the unification of general relativity with quantum mechanics, gravity with electromagnetic, and a better understanding of the universe, gravity, black holes. The most important is the separation between the space-time and the big bang theory, which prove the existence of space-time before that, which leads to the existence of the creator of the universe.

Coulomb Force, Charge, and Electric Properties under Collision Space-Time

We have recently published a series of papers on a theory we call collision space-time, that seems to unify gravity and quantum mechanics. In this theory, mass and energy are redefined. We have not so far demonstrated how to make it compatible with electric properties such as charge and the Coulomb force. The aim of this paper is to show how electric properties can be reformulated to make it consistent with collision space-time. It is shown that we need to incorporate the Planck scale into the electric constants to do so. This is also fully possible from a practical point of view, as it has recently been shown how to measure the Planck length independent of other constants and without the need for dimensional analysis.

Nature of Black Holes and Space-Time around Them

Based on the Mach’s principle, black holes warp the space time in a way that geodesic for every object which is moving toward black hole starts to bend and object starts to rotate around the black hole. Even light cannot be able to escape from the strong gravitational field of black hole and all the light like paths will warp so as to fall farther to the hole. Before arriving to the Schwarzschild’s Sphere, object faces with length extension because of the difference between amount of tidal forces on the nearest and furthest points of object that take the object apart and after passing the Schwarzschild’s sphere, based on the Special relativity of Einstein, the parts of object face with length contraction. In comparison between strange stars and black holes we conclude that core of strange stars has a temperature and pressure not sufficient for up and down quarks and they turn into strange ones. However, in core of black holes, because of massive stars and hot gases falling into it, they are always in a high temperature and pressure. So they can be made up of up and down quarks. At the Ergo sphere Region of black hole, a particle that gets into it will divide into 2 pieces, one of them falls into the black hole and another gets out of the Schwarzschild sphere very fast and it’s called the black hole radiation. According to the Diagram drawn by R. Rafini and J. Weeler, an object gets out of white hole in past space-time, it can be able to send signals to us and we can receive it but black hole which is located in future space-time, after object enters to the Schwarzschild’s Sphere, the signals it sends won’t be received. In order to reach the third space-time which is like a mirror to our universe, our speed needs to exceed the speed of light to pass the Einstein-Rosen Bridge. As a conclusion, structure of black holes can be made up of up and down quarks and everything falls into the black hole, collapses and turns into a bunch of quarks. Space-time around black holes, based on Rafini-Weeler diagram, is like a frontier between our space-time and other space-times. So it can be possible to reach past space-time and other space-times.

Geometrical Models of the Locally Anisotropic Space-Time

Along with the construction of non-Lorentz-invariant effective field theories, recent studies which are based on geometric models of Finsler space-time become more and more popular. In this respect, the Finslerian approach to the problem of Lorentz symmetry violation is characterized by the fact that the violation of Lorentz symmetry is not accompanied by a violation of relativistic symmetry. That means, in particular, that preservation of relativistic symmetry can be considered as a rigorous criterion of the viability for any non-Lorentz-invariant effective field theory. Although this paper has a review character, it contains (with few exceptions) only those results on Finsler extensions of relativity theory, that were obtained by the authors.

Gravitational Space-Time Curve Generation via Accelerated Charged Particles

A force with an acceleration that is equal to multiples greater than the speed of light per unit time is exerted on a cloud of charged particles. The particles are resultantly accelerated to within an infinitesimal fraction of the speed of light. As the force or acceleration increases, the particles’ velocity asymptotically approaches but never achieves the speed of light obeying relativity. The asymptotic increase in the particles’ velocity toward the speed of light as acceleration increasingly surpasses the speed of light per unit time does not compensate for the momentum value produced on the particles at sub-light velocities. Hence, the particles’ inertial mass value must increase as acceleration increases. This increase in the particles’ inertial mass as the particles are accelerated produce a gravitational field which is believed to occur in the oscillation of quarks achieving velocities close to the speed of light. The increased inertial mass of the density of accelerated charged particles becomes the source mass (or Big “M”) in Newton’s equation for gravitational force. This implies that a space-time curve is generated by the accelerated particles. Thus, it is shown that the acceleration number (or multiple of the speed of light greater than 1 per unit of time) and the number of charged particles in the cloud density are surjectively mapped to points on a differential manifold or space-time curved surface. Two aspects of Einstein’s field equations are used to describe the correspondence between the gravitational field produced by the accelerated particles and the resultant space-time curve. The two aspects are the Schwarzchild metric and the stress energy tensor. Lastly, the possibility of producing a sufficient acceleration or electromagnetic force on the charged particles to produce a gravitational field is shown through the Lorentz force equation. Moreover, it is shown that a sufficient voltage can be generated to produce an acceleration/force on the particles that is multiples greater than the speed of light per unit time thereby generating gravity.

The Normative Enlightenment of China's Human Rights Studies from the Space-Time Dimensions of the Chinese Dream

In order to gradually build a theoretical system of human rights with Chinese characteristics that conforms to the development of the times through rigorous academic research, researchers need to break through the basic think- ing tendency of ＂from idea to idea＂ step by step and finally establish the fundamental research orientation of ＂specifying human rights stud- ies.＂ Through comprehensive and systematic analysis and sorting out various basic concepts relating to human rights, researchers also need to finally establish a solid foundation and prerequisite for fruitful academic study.

黎曼流形上的Toponogov定理在Finsler流形上的推广

在Finsler流形上利用活动标架法,通过沿某一方向提升,获得了弧长第二变分的表达式.还将黎曼流形上的Toponogov定理推广到Finsler流形上.由此可进一步将黎曼几何中与之有关的一些定理进行推广而无须通过繁杂的张量运算.

常旗曲率的单连通完备Finsler流形

研究了常旗曲率（ｋ≤０）的单连通完备Ｆｉｎｓｌｅｒ流形在拟等距映射下的存在唯一性。

PROJECTIVELY FLAT FINSLER METRICS WITH ALMOST ISOTROPIC S-CURVATURE

This article characterizes projectively fiat Finsler metrics with almost isotropic S-curvature.

常曲率Finsler空间的共形映射

获得两个常曲率Ｆｉｎｓｌｅｒ空间构成共形映射的新条件．

局部射影平坦且具有迷向S-曲率的两类重要的(α,β)-度量

研究了两类重要的分别形如F=α~2/（α-β）和F=α＋εβ＋kβ~2/α的（α,β）-度量,其中α=aij（x）yi yj为黎曼度量,β=bi（x）yi为流形上的1-形式,ε,k≠0为常数.得到了它们为局部射影平坦且具有迷向S-曲率的充要条件.

关于局部对偶平坦且具有迷向S-曲率的Matsumoto度量(英文)

找到了一些方程去刻画局部对偶平坦的Matsumoto度量F=α2/α-β,其中α=aijyiyj,β=biyi.同时对局部对偶平坦且具有迷向S-曲率的Matsumoto度量进行了分类.

共形平坦且具有弱迷向S曲率的(α,β)度量的分类

将黎曼流形上共形平坦结果推广到Finsler流形上。研究(α,β)度量的共形平坦问题,建立(α,β)度量上的特殊坐标系,得到具有弱迷向S曲率且共形平坦的(α,β)度量的性质,给出此时(α,β)度量的分类,即对共形平坦且弱迷向S曲率的(α,β)度量或是黎曼度量或是Minkowski度量。

具有迷向S-曲率的Douglas(α,β)-度量

研究具有迷向S-曲率的Douglas(α,β)-度量F=αφ(β/α),其中α=aij(x)yiyj～(1/2)为黎曼度量,β=bi(x)yi为流形上的1-形式.得到其为具有迷向S-曲率的Douglas度量的充要条件是β关于α是平行的.进一步,完全地分类了局部射影平坦且具有迷向S-曲率的(α,β)-度量.

局部射影平坦且具有迷向S-曲率的两类重要的芬斯勒度量

研究了两类重要的分别形如F=αekβ/α和F=α+εβ+2kβ2/α-k2β4/3α3的芬斯勒度量,其中k≠0,ε为常数,α=((aij(x)yiyj)～(1/2))为黎曼度量,β=bi(x)yi为流形上的1-形式.得到了它们为局部射影平坦度量且具有迷向S-曲率的充要条件.

一类广义Douglas-Weyl度量的特征

研究了一类重要的由黎曼度量α和1-形式β定义的Finsler度量——(α,β)-度量——成为广义Douglas-Weyl度量的条件。在度量具有迷向S-曲率的条件下,给出了非Randers型的正则(α,β)-度量是广义Douglas-Weyl度量的条件。

具有迷向S曲率Randers度量的几何意义(英文)

Riemann流形上的Zermelo航行为Randers度量提供了一个简洁而且清晰的几何背景．在这个背景下D．Bao,C．Robles和Z．Shen对于具有常旗曲率的Randers度量进行了完全分类．这篇论文中,我得到了判定具有特殊曲率性质的Randers度量的两个充分必要条件．从这两个条件出发,我得到了迷向S曲率的Randers度量的几何意义和一系列推论,并且构造了具有迷向S曲率Randers度量的新例子．最后,在Zermelo航行的背景下研究了Berwald型的Randers度量．