Research on Competitiveness of County Economy Based on Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis——Taking 88 Counties in Guizhou as Samples

17 indices are selected,such as the growth rate of total regional output value,the proportion of tertiary industry in GDP,per capita financial expenditure,and soil erosion rate of Guizhou Province in 2009.According to the relevant indices data of statistical yearbook and governmental website,by using the method of factor analysis and the method of cluster analysis,we assess the competitiveness of county economy in 88 counties of Guizhou Province.The results show that the competitiveness of county economy in Guizhou Province is impacted by factors of location and economic foundation.In addition,the resources environment,economic structure,economic developmental speed and other factors also impact the competitiveness of county economy in Guizhou Province.Based on these,in the light of the developmental characteristics of different counties in conjunction with different developmental advantages in different regions,we should adopt different developmental strategies according to local conditions,which is significant to rapid,healthy and sustainable development of county economy in Guizhou Province.

Classification of Rice Materials for Drought Resistance by Cluster Analysis

Under drought treatment conditions,102 shares of different rice（Oryza sativa） varieties were clustered using the agronomic traits including productive ears,grains per ear,1 000-grain weight,plant height and grain weight per plant as indicators.The results showed that the materials tested could be classified into 5 groups.Of the five groups,group Ⅴ showed highest drought resistance（mean Dc value reached 84.88）,and could therefore be used as parent materials for drought cultivar breeding;groupⅡexhibited a mean Dc value of 75.64,among these materials some individuals performed excellent traits and could be used as special materials;group Ⅳ showed the lowest mean Dc value（45.9）,indicating no drought resistance;groupⅠand group Ⅲ performed as ordinary.

Evaluation and classification of residential greenbelt quality based on factor analysis & clustering analysis:An example of Xinxiang City,China

Five factors expressing greenbelt quality and one factor expressing quantity were adopted for evaluation of the residential greenbelt, and the AHP （Analytical Hierarchy Process） method was used to determine the value of factors. Thirty residential areas were selected as the samples. Two principal components were extracted and their expression was constructed by method of factor anlysis, therefore, quality evaluation of residential greenbelt was obtained. The accuracy of the function and implement quality classification toward the residential greenbelts in Xinxiang City were validated by clustering analysis method. The results showed that the greenbelt quality of fourteen residential areas was higher than the average level, of which eleven were newly-built residential areas. The 30 residential areas were classified into three types according to their greenbelt features and their formation by clustering analysis method. Finally rational proposal basing on aforesaid evaluating results was proposed for construction and renewal of residential greenbelt, upon which directive basis was provided for construction and renewal of residential greenbelt.

Research on Tourism Competitiveness of Chinese Island Counties:Based on Factor and Cluster Analysis

From the perspective of tourism competitiveness,the paper takes 12 island counties of China as the research object,and applies the method of factor analysis to study their competitiveness.The result shows that Putuo and Dinghai are more competitive while Pingtan and Nan'ao are less competitive.Finally,the 12 island counties are divided into four styles:first-class competitive county (Putuo),seond-class competitive counties (Dinghai,Yuhuan),third-class competitive counties (Chongming,Daishan,Changdao,Changhai and Shengsi),fourth-class competitive counties (Dongshan,Dongtou,Pingtan and Nan'ao) by cluster analysis.The classification of island counties is to clear their relative position,then to promote their development.

Factor and Cluster Analysis on the Competitiveness of Agri-food Processing Industry in China

This paper establishes 13 evaluation indicators for the competitiveness of agri-food processing industry,uses factor analysis to evaluate the competitiveness of agri-food processing industry in 31 provinces(cities,autonomous regions)of China,and does cluster analysis to divide these regions into several categories according to the difference in competitiveness,in order to understand the level of competitiveness of agri-food processing industry in China.

Factor and Cluster Analysis as a Tool for Patient Segmentation Applied to Hospital Marketing in Jordan

Hospital marketing is becoming important for the survival and the prosperity of the health service. In addition, it indirectly acts as a formal feedback channel for the customer requirements, preferences, suggestions and complaints. In this work we have undertaken a survey based marketing study for two main objectives: The first being to better understand the patient clusters through k-means clustering and the second to understand customer perception of the different known quality perspectives through factor rotated and unrotated analysis. All of the questionnaires were designed according to international studies. Based on general descriptive statistics, items classified with higher variance but important, are: clean environment, doctors and nurses capabilities, and specialized doctors. Items that are less important with low variance are: food type, lighting and insurance. Also, items classified as more important with low variance are: recommended, no mistakes, and the cost. Using factor analysis rotated and unrotated reduced the variables into five main variables described as: medical aspects, psychological aspects, cost aspects, hospital image and ease of access and procedures. Using k-means clustering, the customers can be clustered into four main clusters with two of them described as general patient with wide variety of interest, serious cases interested in specialized doctors and food, and very serious case with high stress on equipment, no mistakes.

STRUCTURE-REACTIVITY STUDIES OF ACIDIC PHOSPHORUS ESTERS IN LANTHANIDE EXTRACTION BY CLUSTER ANALYSIS AND FACTOR ANALYSIS

Investigation of the relationship between chemical structure and extraction properties of organic ligands can, in very practical terms, contribute both to the discovery of new selective extractants and to the progress of extraction chemistry in general. Since the metal extraction, which is based on the formation of complex by organic ligands with metal ions or corresponding ionic species, may

An unsupervised pattern recognition methodology based on factor analysis and a genetic-DBSCAN algorithm to infer operational conditions from strain measurements in structural applications

Structural Health Monitoring(SHM) suggests the use of machine learning algorithms with the aim of understanding specific behaviors in a structural system. This work introduces a pattern recognition methodology for operational condition clustering in a structure sample using the well known Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN) algorithm.The methodology was validated using a data set from an experiment with 32 Fiber Bragg Gratings bonded to an aluminum beam placed in cantilever and submitted to cyclic bending loads under 13 different operational conditions(pitch angles). Further, the computational cost and precision of the machine learning pipeline called FA + GA-DBSCAN(which employs a combination of machine learning techniques including factor analysis for dimensionality reduction and a genetic algorithm for the automatic selection of initial parameters of DBSCAN) was measured. The obtained results have shown a good performance, detecting 12 of 13 operational conditions, with an overall precision over 90%.

Factor analysis identifies subgroups of constipation

AIM:To determine whether distinct symptom groupings exist in a constipated population and whether such grouping might correlate with quantifiable pathophysiological measures of colonic dysfunction.METHODS:One hundred and ninety-one patients presenting to a Gastroenterology clinic with constipation and 32 constipated patients responding to a newspaper advertisement completed a 53-item,wide-ranging selfreport questionnaire.One hundred of these patients had colonic transit measured scintigraphically.Factor analysis determined whether constipation-related symptoms grouped into distinct aspects of symptomatology.Cluster analysis was used to determine whether indi-vidual patients naturally group into distinct subtypes.RESULTS:Cluster analysis yielded a 4 cluster solution with the presence or absence of pain and laxative unresponsiveness providing the main descriptors.Amongst all clusters there was a considerable proportion of patients with demonstrable delayed colon transit,irritable bowel syndrome positive criteria and regular stool frequency.The majority of patients with these characteristics also reported regular laxative use.CONCLUSION:Factor analysis identified four constipation subgroups,based on severity and laxative unresponsiveness,in a constipated population.However,clear stratification into clinically identifiable groups remains imprecise.

Sugarcane transcription factor ScWRKY4 negatively regulates resistance to pathogen infection through the JA signaling pathway

WRKY transcription factors,transcriptional regulators unique to plants,play an important role in defense response to pathogen infection.However,the resistance mechanisms of WRKY genes in sugarcane remain unclear.In the present study,gene ontology(GO)enrichment analysis revealed that WRKY gene family in sugarcane was extensively involved in the response to biotic stress and in defense response.We identified gene ScWRKY4,a classⅡc member of the WRKY gene family,in sugarcane cultivar ROC22.This gene was induced by salicylic acid(SA)and methyl jasmonate(MeJA)stress.Interestingly,expression of ScWRKY4 was down-regulated in smut-resistant sugarcane cultivars but up-regulated in smutsusceptible sugarcane cultivars infected with Sporisorium scitamineum.Moreover,stable overexpression of the ScWRKY4 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced susceptibility to Fusarium solani var.coeruleum and caused down-regulated expression of immune marker-related genes.Transcriptome analysis indicated suppressed expression of most JAZ genes in the signal transduction pathway.ScWRKY4 interacted with ScJAZ13 to repress its expression.We thus hypothesized that the ScWRKY4 gene was involved in the regulatory network of plant disease resistance,most likely through the JA signaling pathway.The present study depicting the molecular involvement of ScWRKY4 in sugarcane disease resistance lays a foundation for future investigation.

Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Group A Streptococci Isolated from Children in Chaoyang District of Beijing, 2011:emm Types, Virulence Factor Genes and Erythromycin Resistant Genes

Group A streptococcus （GAS） causes a wide range of diseases in the human population. GAS diseases are more common in children than in adults, with clinical manifestations ranging from pharyngitis and impetigo to invasive infections and post streptococcal sequelae, such as acute rheumatic fever and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis[1]. GAS harbors a host of virulence factors that contribute to its complex pathogenicity and differences in the disease severity and frequency. M protein, one of the major virulence factors, is encoded by the emm gene induces a type of specific host immune response and confers antiphagocytic properties.

Analysis of the Employment Situation of Non Private Enterprises in Various Regions of China

In the past 30 years, Chinese enterprises have been a hot topic of discussion and concern among the general public in terms of economic and social status, ownership structure, business mechanism, and management level. Solving the problem of employment for the people is an important prerequisite for their peaceful living and work, as well as a prerequisite and foundation for building a harmonious society. The employment situation of private enterprises has always been of great concern to the outside world, and these two major jobs have always occupied an important position in the employment field of China that cannot be ignored. With the establishment of the market economy system, individual and private enterprises have become important components of the socialist economy, making significant contributions to economic development and social progress. The rapid development of China’s economy, on the one hand, is the embodiment of the superiority of China’s socialist market economic system, and on the other hand, it is the role of the tertiary industry and private enterprises in promoting the national economy. Since the 1990s, China’s private enterprises have become a new economic growth point for local and even national countries, and are one of the important ways to arrange employment and achieve social stability. This paper studies the employment of private enterprises and individuals from the perspective of statistics, extracts relevant data from China statistical Yearbook, uses the relevant knowledge of statistics to process the data, obtains the conclusion and puts forward relevant constructive suggestions.

Understanding high-emitting households in the UK through a cluster analysis

Anthropogenic climate change is a global problem that affects every country and each individual.It is largely caused by human beings emitting greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.In general,a small percentage of the population is responsible for a large amount of emissions.This paper focuses on high emitters and their CO2 emissions from energy use in UK homes.It applies a cluster approach,aiming to identify whether the high emitters comprise clusters where households in each cluster share similar characteristics but are different from the others.The data are mainly based on the Living Cost and Food survey in the UK.The results show that after equivalising both household emissions and income,the high emitters can be clustered into six groups which share similar characteristics within each group,but are different from the others in terms of income,age,household composition,category and size of the dwelling,and tenure type.The clustering results indicate that various combinations of socioeconomic factors,such as low-income single female living in an at least six-room property,or highincome retired couple owning a large detached house,could all lead to high CO2 emissions from energy use at home.Policymakers should target each high-emitter cluster differently to reduce CO2 emissions from energy consumption at home more effectively.

A Research on Competitiveness of Guangxi City——Based on System Clustering Method and Principal Component Analysis Method

A total of 10 indices of regional economic development in Guangxi are selected.According to the relevant economic data,regional economic development in Guangxi is analyzed by using System Clustering Method and Principal Component Analysis Method.Result shows that System Clustering Method and Principal Component Analysis Method have revealed similar results analysis of economic development level.Overall economic strength of Guangxi is weak and Nanning has relatively high scores of factors due to its advantage of the political,economic and cultural center.Comprehensive scores of other regions are all lower than 1,which has big gap with the development of Nanning.Overall development strategy points out that Guangxi should accelerate the construction of the Ring Northern Bay Economic Zone,create a strong logistics system having strategic significance to national development,use the unique location advantage and rely on the modern transportation system to establish a logistics center and business center connecting the hinterland and the Asean Market.Based on the problems of unbalanced regional economic development in Guangxi,we should speed up the development of service industry in Nanning,construct the circular economy system of industrial city,and accelerate the industrialization process of tourism city in order to realize balanced development of regional economy in Guangxi,China.

Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Quality Parameters for Harrana and Azraq Basins, Jordan

Groundwater quality parameter (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl, SO42−, HCO3−, NO3− , B, Fe, Sr, Mn, Al, Ba, SiO2, pH, and BTEX) relationships of 36 wells from the Harrana area and 24 wells from Azraq area are examined to classify the wells water quality. Statistical analyses of the quality parameters have been conducted. Factor analyses are applied to extract five factors from the water quality parameters of Area 1;Factor 1 accounts for more than 38% of the variance among water quality. Cations including B, Na+, Mg2+, and K+ with anions including Cl− and SO42− were loaded significantly. It represents the variation in the geological formations penetrated by the wells. For Azraq wells, five factors were extracted. Factor 1 accounts for more than 50% of the variance in water quality. Six of water quality parameters were loaded on Factor 1. These parameters included cations represented by B, Na+, and Mg2+ in addition to Cl− and SO42− as anions. Cluster analysis classified the Harrana wells into three groups, i.e., cluster I included 26 wells with minimum mean concentrations of cations and anions, while cluster III included the wells with the highest concentrations in the water quality parameters. Cluster II included eight wells with intermediate concentrations between clusters I and II. The wells in the Azraq area are clustered into three groups, i.e., cluster I included seven wells with the lowest water quality, while cluster II includes 12 wells and shows the lowest concentrations of ions. Cluster III includes five wells with intermediate concentrations of ions.

Early warning system for shallow landslides using rainfall threshold and slope stability analysis

A combined cluster and regression analysis were performed for the first time to identify rainfall threshold that triggers landslide events in Amboori, Kerala, India. Amboori is a tropical area that is highly vulnerable to landslides. The 2, 3, and 5-day antecedent rainfall data versus daily rainfall was clustered to identify a cluster of critical events that could potentially trigger landslides. Further, the cluster of critical events was utilized for regression analysis to develop the threshold equations. The 5-day antecedent(xvariable) vs. daily rainfall(y-variable) provided the best fit to the data with a threshold equation of y = 80.7-0.1981 x. The intercept of the equation indicates that if the 5-day antecedent rainfall is zero, the minimum daily rainfall needed to trigger the landslide in the Amboori region would be 80.7 mm. The negative coefficient of the antecedent rainfall indicates that when the cumulative antecedent rainfall increases, the amount of daily rainfall required to trigger monsoon landslide decreases. The coefficient value indicates that the contribution of the 5-day antecedent rainfall is～20% to the landslide trigger threshold. The slope stability analysis carried out for the area, using Probabilistic Infinite Slope Analysis Model(PISA-m), was utilized to identify the areas vulnerable to landslide in the region. The locations in the area where past landslides have occurred demonstrate lower Factors of Safety(FS) in the slope stability analysis. Thus, rainfall threshold analysis together with the FS values from slope stability can be suitable for developing a simple, cost-effective, and comprehensive early-warning system for shallow landslides in Amboori and similar regions.

The hot issues of studies in China on digital information resources: Based on co-word analysis

With the SPSS and the help of factor method and hierarchical clustered method,journal articles on digital information resources(DIR) from CNKI in the past ten years are analyzed with a co-word analytical method in this paper. The hot issues of studies on DIR and the relationship between those subjects are analyzed in this investigation as well.

Resistance Partial Factor and Reliability of Cast Ball-and-Socket Support Joint

Considering the uncertainty of material performance, geometric characteristic and analysis method, the analysis of statistical parameters of the resistance of cast ball-and-socket support joints and the reliability analysis are carried out by JC method （improved first-order second-moment method） based on the relevant experimental data. Results show that the resistance partial factor of the joint increases with the increase of the reliability index. The resis- tance partial factors are suggested corresponding to the reliability index under different load combinations. Moreover, the suggested resistance partial factor is adopted in reliability design, and it is found that the reliability index of the joint is larger than the target reliability index. The optimal load combination is the one in which live load plays an im- portant control role. Finally, based on the suggested resistance partial factors, the reliability analysis of cast bail-and- socket support ioints of a proiect is conducted.

Latent dimensions between water use and socio-economic development: A global exploratory statistical analysis

Water use and socio-economic development are interconnected in complex ways.Causalities are not easy to identify but it is evident that a nexus between water use and socio-economic development does exist.Considering the diversity of national situations relating to these interrelated phenomena,its study should be considered from a global perspective.This article critically reviews the literature and information from official sources on the relevance of water use and circular economy in order to create a global picture,linking water with socio-economic development.Data from 195 countries were analyzed statistically.A factor analysis defined five essential latent dimensions on the nexus between water use and socio-economic development:development and basic services,population and resources,economic volume,health and well-being,and population density.Based on the identified factors,countries were classified into six groups:Global South in difficulty,global semi-periphery,advanced economy,Middle East and other Global South developing economy,global weight,and small highly developed economy.The clustering results clarify connections between water use conditions and socioeconomic development.Understanding the variety of national profiles is helpful to reveal the magnitude and urgency of dealing with the nexus between water use and socio-economic development for many countries.

Engineering Geological and Geotechnical Studies of Taprang Landslide, West-central Nepal: An Approach for Slope Stability Analysis

Detailed investigation of Taprang landslide was carried out in order tounderstand the surface, subsurface lithological information and physicalproperties of soil by using multi-disciplinary methods such as engineeringgeological, geophysical and geotechnical studies for the determinationof factor of safety for slope stability analysis. Geological study wascarried out by detail mapping of surface geology, soil condition, propertiesof bedrock and its discontinuities. The geophysical survey (ElectricalResistivity Tomography-ERT) were carried out to know the electricalresistivity of soil for identifying the groundwater table and slip surface ofthe landslide. Geotechnical analysis such as grain size analysis, liquid limitand direct shear test were carried out in order to evaluate soil classification,moisture content, cohesion and the angle of internal friction of soil forknowing the strength the soil. These soil parameters indicate the soil is verylow strength. The combination of these results were used for calculatingthe factor of safety (FoS) by Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) proposedby Bishop and Janbu methods. The result of factor of safety in the Tapranglandslide demonstrates that the slope become stable in drained (dry)condition, remain ultimate stage in undrained (wet) condition and finallyfailure occurs if applied the seismic load in both drained and undrainedconditions.