成熟型资源城市转型升级的路径依赖或路径创造——基于新企业进入视角

Firm entry plays an important role in the industrial transformation of mature resource-based cities.This study describes the industrial evolution of resource-based cities at the firm level and uses kernel density estimation and econometric models to study the spatiotemporal characteristics and determinants of new firm entry from 2011 to 2019 in four mature resource-based cities.The results are summarized as follows:(1)New resource-based firm entry tends to be natural resource-oriented and path-dependent.The new non-resource-based firms show a high concentration in central urban areas,and the industry types are mainly wholesale and retail of resource products,cultural tourism,and equipment manufacturing.(2)Heterogeneous incumbent firms affect firm entry differently.Affected by competition and agglomeration effects,resource-based and non-resource-based incumbent firms have negative and positive impacts on new resource-based firm entry,respectively.Resourcebased incumbent firm agglomeration positively influences new non-resource-based firm entry.(3)Besides incumbent firms,firm entry can also be affected by multidimensional factors,such as factor costs,economic environment,and institutional environment.Research on new firm entry can better reveal the path dependence and path creation process of the industrial development of resource-based cities from a micro-perspective.

Renminbi Appreciation and China's Industrial Upgrading

To identify the macroeconomic environment that has enabled China's industrial upgrading during a period of persistent renminbi appreciation,we construct a two-country New Keynesian model of industrial upgrading with a global production network,endogenous firm entry,and a directed quality frontier.We show that renminbi appreciation promotes industrial upgrading without hurting real economic growth in the longer run.This holds true especially through four channels.First,the quality threshold for firm entry is lower to allow for more firms participation and thus greater product varieties(quality threshold channel).Second,upstream skill-based production uses more imported inputs of higher quality(imported input channel).Third,there is substantial global demand towards the exports of high-quality inputs(global demand channel).Fourth,domestic inputs are competing against imported inputs to broaden the scope for competition in the upstream product market to incentivize quality upgrading(scope for competition channel).