A Preliminary Study on Eliminating Nonsensical Courses and Creating First-rate Courses: Taking the Basic Mathematics Course in University as an Example

Universities should take undergraduate education as the fundamental connotation of the times,and we will return to common sense,duty,original aspiration and dream,which is the basic principle of the reform and development of colleges and universities. Speeding up the construction of high-level undergraduate education and improving the ability of talent training in an all-round way,eliminating nonsensical courses and creating first-rate courses has become one of the important tasks of teaching in higher education. Starting from the standard of first-rate courses,this paper deeply analyzes the reasons for the prevalence of nonsensical courses,and expounds some ways to control nonsensical courses and create first-rate courses.

“双一流”背景下资源勘查工程一流专业建设与探索

随着深入实施科教兴国战略、人才强国战略、创新驱动发展战略,高等教育必然要担当起新的使命和时代重任,而专业建设是高等教育体系的重要支柱,是人才培养的基础平台,资源勘查工程专业关系着我国能源资源安全,为此,在充分分析河南理工大学资源勘查工程专业建设基础上,查找目前存在的问题,对标“一流专业”和“新工科”建设要求,结合河南理工大学特色优势,探索“双一流”背景下资源勘查工程专业的建设路径,总结取得的一些成效,以期进一步促进资源勘查工程专业内涵式发展,同时为我国其他兄弟院校相关专业建设提供借鉴,为实现地球科学强国目标贡献科技和人才力量。

Energy diffusion controlled reaction rate in dissipative Hamiltonian systems

In this paper the energy diffusion controlled reaction rate in dissipative Hamiltonian systems is investigated by using the stochastic averaging method for quasi Hamiltonian systems. The boundary value problem of mean first- passage time （MFPT） of averaged system is formulated and the energy diffusion controlled reaction rate is obtained as the inverse of MFPT. The energy diffusion controlled reaction rate in the classical Kramers bistable potential and in a two-dimensional bistable potential with a heat bath are obtained by using the proposed approach respectively. The obtained results are then compared with those from Monte Carlo simulation of original systems and from the classical Kraraers theory. It is shown that the reaction rate obtained by using the proposed approach agrees well with that from Monte Carlo simulation and is more accurate than the classical Kramers rate.

V_r:A new index to represent the variation rate of geomagnetic activity

By calculating the hourly standard deviation of the first-order differences of the horizontal geomagnetic com- ponent minute data, a new index Vr to represent the variation rate of the geomagnetic field was introduced. Vr-indices show similar trends in the temporal change at different observatories and have simultaneous peak values at the observatories cov- ering a large span geographically, which reveals that the source of geomagnetic disturbances represented by Vr is in the mag- netosphere. Based on the comparison among Vr, Kp and ap, it is found that generally Vr changes linearly with Kp and ap, which means that the rapid changes of magnetic field usually exist together with magnetic disturbances. But there are excep- tions. As Vr can be easily produced by individual observatory in quasi real time and is more sensitive to the variation rate of geomagnetic field rather than the field itself, it can be expected to serve for monitoring or predicting the geomagnetic-induced event in a quick and intuitive way.

中国式现代化目标下构建新型能源体系之路径思考

倡导人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化,对中国能源领域的高质量可持续发展提出了新要求、新部署,“加快规划建设新型能源体系”势在必行。为了助推中国式现代化目标下新型能源体系的构建,分析了其提出的战略背景,明确了其重要意义,阐述了其内涵特征,提出了其路径建议。研究结果表明:①新型能源体系是社会主义现代化强国建设的关键抓手,是实现碳达峰碳中和目标以及推进生态文明建设的重要支撑,是国家能源安全和国家竞争力的有力保障;②新型能源体系以促进人与自然和谐共生为根本宗旨,以保证能源安全和经济社会发展稳定为基本前提,具有理念更新、能源结构更新、技术创新、治理创新、产业革新、电力革新等内涵特征;③新型能源体系的构建路径包括加快培育绿色低碳文化、加快推动能源结构转型、加快推动产业结构升级、加快攻关关键核心技术、加快构建体制机制保障等。结论认为,立足我国能源资源禀赋,坚持“先立后破”的方式构建清洁低碳、安全高效的新型能源体系,提高能源自给率,特别是油气自给率,确保能源转型平稳有序、能源保障安全可靠,可以为当前复杂国际形势下的国家能源安全提供强有力的保障。

R Wave Extraction Based on the Maximum First Derivative plus the Maximum Value of the Double Search

R-wave detection is the main approach for heart rate variability analysis and clinical application based on R-R interval. The maximum first derivative plus the maximum value of the double search algorithm is applied on electrocardiogram(ECG) of MIH-BIT Arrhythmia Database to extract R wave. Through the study of algorithm's characteristics and R-wave detection method, data segmentation method is modified to improve the detection accuracy. After segmentation modification, average accuracy rate of 6 sets of short ECG data increase from 82.51% to 93.70%, and the average accuracy rate of 11 groups long-range data is 96.61%. Test results prove that the algorithm and segmentation method can accurately locate R wave and have good effectiveness and versatility, but may exist some undetected problems due to algorithm implementation.

Efficacy of moxifloxacin-based sequential therapy for first-line eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastrointestinal disease

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of 14-d moxifloxacinbased sequential therapy as first-line eradication treatment of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) infection.METHODS:From December 2013 to August 2014, 161 patients with confirmed H.pylori infection randomly received 14 d of moxifloxacin-based sequential group(MOX-ST group, n = 80) or clarithromycin-based sequential group(CLA-ST group, n = 81) therapy.H.pylori infection was defined on the basis of at least one of the following three tests:a positive 13C-urea breath test; histologic evidence of H.pylori by modified Giemsa staining; or a positive rapid urease test(CLOtest; Delta West, Bentley, Australia) by gastric mucosal biopsy.Successful eradication therapy for H.pylori infection was defined as a negative 13C-urea breath test four weeks after the end of eradication treatment.Compliance was defined as good when drug intake was at least 85%.H.pylori eradication rates, patient compliance with drug treatment, adverse event rates, and factors influencing the efficacy of eradication therapy were evaluated.RESULTS:The eradication rates by intention-to-treat analysis were 91.3%(73/80;95%CI:86.2%-95.4%)in the MOX-ST group and 71.6%(58/81;95%CI:65.8%-77.4%)in the CLA-ST group(P=0.014).The eradication rates by per-protocol analysis were 93.6%(73/78;95%CI:89.1%-98.1%)in the MOX-ST group and 75.3%(58/77;95%CI:69.4%-81.8%)in the CLAST group(P=0.022).Compliance was 100%in both groups.The adverse event rates were 12.8%(10/78)and 24.6%(19/77)in the MOX-ST and CLA-ST group,respectively(P=0.038).Most of the adverse events were mild-to-moderate in intensity;there was none serious enough to cause discontinuation of treatmentin either group.In multivariate analysis,advanced age(≥60 years)was a significant independent factor related to the eradication failure in the CLA-ST group(adjusted OR=2.13,95%CI:1.97-2.29,P=0.004),whereas there was no significance in the MOX-ST group.CONCLUSION:The 14-d moxifloxacin-based sequential therapy is effective.Moreover,it shows excellent patient compliance and safety compared to the 14-d clarithromycin-based sequential therapy.

地方特色高水平大学优势学科发展路径探索——以安徽理工大学安全科学与工程学科为例

在“双一流”建设背景下,如何建设高水平行业特色高校是地方高校需要思考的重大命题。我国的行业特色高校经过多年发展,呈现出不同的发展水平和发展形态。高水平优势学科建设对地方特色高水平大学高质量发展有着重要作用。文章以安徽理工大学安全科学与工程学科为例,对地方特色高水平高校如何高质量发展优势学科进行了探讨,提出应实施引育学科人才、促进学科交叉、构建创新平台、创新产学研机制等策略,优化特色优势学科发展,依托优势学科促进地方特色高水平大学建设。

基于知识图谱的课程数字化管理在实验药理学中的应用及效果评价

目的:探讨运用知识图谱赋能实验药理学课程的数字化建设及其应用效果。方法:选取药物制剂专业本科生为研究对象,2020级作为试验组,2018级作为对照组,通过课程考核和问卷调查对教学效果进行评价。结果:试验组学生的课程考核成绩显著高于对照组,满意度也明显提高。结论:知识图谱的建设与应用能够有力推动实验药理学课程教学改革,且效果显著。

Structural first failure times under non-Gaussian stochastic behavior

An analytical moment-based method for calculating structuralfirst failure times under non-Gaussian stochastic behavior is proposed. In the method, a power series that constants can be obtained from response moments （skewness, kurtosis, etc.） is used firstly to map a non-Gaussian structural response into a standard Gaussian process, then mean up-crossing rates, mean clump size and the initial passage probability of a critical barrier level by the original structural response are estimated, and finally, the formula for calculating first failure times is established on the assur^ption that corrected up-crossing rates are independent. An analysis of a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom dynamical system excited by a Gaussian model of load not only demonstrates the usage of the proposed method but also shows the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method by comparisons between the present method and other methods such as Monte Carlo simulation and the traditional Gaussian model.

An approximation of the first passage probability of systems under nonstationary random excitation

An approximate method is presented for obtaining analytical solutions for the conditional first passage probability of systems under modulated white noise excitation. As the method is based on VanMarcke＇s approximation, with normalization of the response introduced, the expected decay rates can be evaluated from the second-moment statistics instead of the correlation functions or spectrum density functions of the response of considered structures. Explicit solutions to the second-moment statistics of the response are given. Accuracy, efficiency and usage of the proposed method are demonstrated by the first passage analysis of single-degree-of-freedom （SDOF） linear systems under two special types of modulated white noise excitations.

REGULARIZATION METHOD FOR IMPROVING OPTIMAL CONVERGENCE RATE OF THE REGULARIZED SOLUTION OF ILL-POSED PROBLEMS

This paper presents anew regularization method for solving operator equations of the first kind; the convergence rate of the regularized solution is improved, as compared with the ordinary Tikhonov regularization.

我国青年婚恋基本状况及政策建议

青年婚恋状况对生育水平及人口结构具有深远影响。研究发现,我国青年择偶偏向内涵性标准,单身的主观因素凸显;初婚年龄推迟,“婚”与“恋”出现解绑态势,但目前仍处于普婚状态;青年人口性别比失衡,婚恋挤压现象严重;离婚率先升后降,离婚冷静期制度具有一定的抑制作用;婚恋政策区分度不高、针对性不强,惠及范围有待扩大。建议制定《青年情感教育大纲》,培育提升青年爱的能力,适时调整各类基金青年项目的申报年限,进一步完善青年的法定婚恋权益保障。

帝视观察用内窥镜辅助喉罩置入的临床效果

目的探讨帝视观察用内窥镜引导喉罩置入的效果,为临床麻醉气道管理提供依据。方法选择2022年3月至2024年3月在揭阳市人民医院行喉罩置入全身麻醉患者60例,采用随机数字表将纳入研究患者分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组使用帝视观察用内窥镜辅助喉罩置入,对照组使用传统徒手喉罩置入法。记录两组患者喉罩置入成功总时间(喉罩进入口腔到判定喉罩置入成功)、喉罩首次置入成功率、气道峰压、口咽漏气压以及喉罩置入损伤并发症发生情况,包括麻醉恢复室拔除喉罩后喉罩表面有无血迹、术后24 h内咽痛发生率。结果与对照组比较,观察组喉罩置入成功总时间明显缩短(P<0.001),喉罩首次置入成功率明显升高(P<0.05),两组喉罩型号比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,观察组气道峰压明显降低(P<0.001),口咽漏气压明显升高(P<0.001);两组喉罩表面有血迹、术后24 h内咽痛发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论帝视观察用内窥镜引导喉罩置入,可以提高喉罩首次置入成功率,缩短喉罩置入成功总时间,降低气道峰压,升高口咽漏气压,有较高安全性,值得推广。

DRG联合住院病案首页标准化控制对普外科病案缺陷的影响

目的:探究DRG条件下联合住院病案首页标准化控制对普外科缺陷指标的影响。方法:选取吕梁市人民医院DRG联合住院病案首页标准化控制前后住院病案各1200份,对比分析DRG联合住院病案首页标准化控制前后普外科病例缺陷变化情况。结果:DRG分组下病案首页标准化控制后,普外科病案首页缺陷率为4.83%,DRG分组下病案首页标准化控制前缺陷率为20.25%,两组对比差异显著(P<0.05);对两组7项主要缺陷类型进行对比,标准化控制后各缺陷类型发生率均较标准化控制前更低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);标准化控制后患者病案首页基本信息、住院过程和诊疗信息产生数据错误的概率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:DRG与住院病案首页标准化控制相结合,可显著改善普外科病案首页填写质量以及病案管理水平,为病案首页质控提供依据,可推广应用。

2016—2022年我国17家血液中心献血者HBV感染相关标记物检测情况分析

目的探讨我国17家省会城市血液中心(简称血液中心)献血者HBV的感染情况,为安全献血者管理提供参考。方法选取17家血液中心,收集2016—2022年献血者HBsAg和乙型肝炎病毒核酸(HBV DNA)检测结果,比较初次献血者和重复献血者HBsAg不合格率及年度变化趋势、初次献血者和重复献血者HBsAg不合格率差异、HBsAg合格献血者HBV DNA单独不合格(HBsAg-/HBV DNA+)情况和献血者总体HBV不合格率,比较不同地区血液中心献血者总体HBV不合格率。结果2016—2022年17家血液中心初次献血者HBsAg不合格率为59.60‱(1.60‱~142.85‱),重复献血者HBsAg不合格率为16.67‱(0.60‱~48.68‱),HBsAg合格献血者中HBV DNA单独不合格率为6.69‱(1.30‱~17.57‱),献血者总体HBV不合格率为47.06‱(3.46‱~103.78‱),上述4项不合格率的比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。东部地区献血者HBV总体不合格率(34.04‱)低于中部地区(50.42‱)和西部地区(52.07‱),3个地区献血者间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论17个省会城市初次献血者和重复献血者的HBsAg不合格率随时间整体呈下降趋势,重复献血者是相对安全的献血人群,HBV DNA检测可进一步降低HBV经血传播的风险。献血人群HBV感染分布具有地域性,东部地区献血者HBV不合格率明显低于中西部地区,与一般人群HBV流行分布情况一致。

First Trimester Pregnancy Loss May Temporary Reduce the Ovarian Response during the Subsequent IVF Cycle

The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles ended by miscarriage with subsequent IVF cycles in relation to various IVF cycle parameters and pregnancy termination modalities. Comparison of pre-miscarriage to post-miscarriage IVF cycles parameters demonstrated that lower peak E2 levels (1087 ± 593 versus 1237 ± 676 pg/ml, respectively;p p p p p p < 0.05), and an increase in the conception rate (34.7% versus 42.2%, respectively) at the second post-miscarriage IVF cycle.

基于绿被覆盖率上推的天然草地冠层SPAD值高光谱反演方法

叶绿素是评估草地光合作用能力和生理状况的重要指标。高光谱遥感包含丰富的光谱信息,已经成为无损估算草地叶绿素含量的重要手段。然而,通常获取的草地冠层高光谱数据与实测叶片的叶绿素含量存在尺度不匹配问题,导致高光谱反演叶绿素的精度低。为此,提出基于绿被覆盖率上推的天然草地冠层叶绿素高光谱反演方法。以内蒙古呼伦贝尔典型天然草地为研究对象,利用ASD高光谱仪获取的地面冠层高光谱数据、SPAD叶绿素仪采集的叶片叶绿素相对含量实测值和样方手机数码相片,以绿被覆盖率为媒介,将叶片尺度的叶绿素相对含量实测值上推到冠层尺度。结果表明植被指数与SPAD相关性(-0.74~0.76)普遍高于场平均法上推SPAD(-0.63~0.50)。通过原始冠层光谱反射率、一阶导数光谱和42种常用叶绿素光谱指数构建基于绿被覆盖率上推的天然草地冠层叶绿素高光谱反演模型(SPAD_cover)。单变量的最优草地冠层叶绿素反演模型R^(2)=0.689,RMSE=2.714,RPD=1.752;多元线性逐步回归的最优草地冠层叶绿素反演模型R^(2)=0.833,RMSE=2.019,RPD=2.354。实验表明基于绿被覆盖率将草地叶片叶绿素含量实测值上推至冠层尺度,可以有效提高天然草地冠层叶绿素高光谱反演精度。

以科学问题为导向,构建“地球物质科学”课程群

地球系统科学思维已经成为培养新时代地学人才的必然要求。本文以西北大学“双一流”学科地质学为例,基于“双一流”和“拔尖学生培养计划”对一流学科建设和人才培养目标提出新要求,以地球系统科学思维为引领,提出以科学问题为导向,构建“地球物质科学”课程群。以探索科学问题为目标,全面统筹地球物质科学相关的课程,立足学科前沿,聚焦知识关联,编写新的课程设置、教学大纲,优化教学团队人员构成,培养出知识理论扎实、综合实践能力强的拔尖人才,为“双一流”建设和“拔尖学生培养计划”探索出新的课程教学体系。