First Integrals and Reduction of the Birkhoffian System

Refer to the Hamiltonian system, first integrals of the Birkhoffian system can be found by using of the perfect differential method. Through these first integrals, the order of the Birkhoffian system can be reduced. Then according to the alternate of the coordinate, a kind of new partial differential operator was defined in order to hold the Birkhoff form. The result shows that the Birkhoffian system has generalized energy integrals and cyclic integrals. Furthermore, each integral can reduce the order of equations two degrees.

Discrete variational principle and first integrals for Lagrange-Maxwell mechanico-electrical systems

This paper presents a discrete vaxiational principle and a method to build first-integrals for finite dimensional Lagrange-Maxwell mechanico-electrical systems with nonconservative forces and a dissipation function. The discrete variational principle and the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equations are derived from a discrete action associated to these systems. The first-integrals are obtained by introducing the infinitesimal transformation with respect to the generalized coordinates and electric quantities of the systems. This work also extends discrete Noether symmetries to mechanico-electrical dynamical systems. A practical example is presented to illustrate the results.

The discrete variational principle and the first integrals of Birkhoff systems＊

This paper shows that first integrals of discrete equation of motion for Birkhoff systems can be determined explicitly by investigating the invariance properties of the discrete Pfaffian. The result obtained is a discrete analogue of theorem of Noether in the calculus of variations. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

Direct method of finding first integral of two-dimensional autonomous systems in polar coordinates

A direct method to find the first integral for two-dimensional autonomous system in polar coordinates is suggested. It is shown that if the equation of motion expressed by differential 1-forms for a given autonomous Hamiltonian system is multiplied by a set of multiplicative functions, then the general expression of the first integral can be obtained, An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.

The First Integral Method to Study a Class of Reaction-Diffusion Equations

In this letter, a class of reaction-diffusion equations, which arise in chemical reaction or ecology and other fields of physics, are investigated. A more general analytical solution of the equation is obtained by using the first integral method.

Applications of the first integral method to nonlinear evolution equations

In this paper, we establish travelling wave solutions for some nonlinear evolution equations. The first integral method is used to construct the travelling wave solutions of the modified Benjamin-Bona-Mahony and the coupled Klein-Gordon equations. The obtained results include periodic and solitary wave solutions. The first integral method presents a wider applicability to handling nonlinear wave equations.

First integrals of the axisymmetric shape equation of lipid membranes

The shape equation of lipid membranes is a fourth-order partial differential equation.Under the axisymmetric condi-tion,this equation was transformed into a second-order ordinary differential equation(ODE)by Zheng and Liu(Phys.Rev.E 482856(1993)).Here we try to further reduce this second-order ODE to a first-order ODE.First,we invert the usual process of variational calculus,that is,we construct a Lagrangian for which the ODE is the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation.Then,we seek symmetries of this Lagrangian according to the Noether theorem.Under a certain restriction on Lie groups of the shape equation,we find that the first integral only exists when the shape equation is identical to the Will-more equation,in which case the symmetry leading to the first integral is scale invariance.We also obtain the mechanical interpretation of the first integral by using the membrane stress tensor.

On the Nonexistence of Laurent Polynomial First Integrals for General Semi-quasihomogeneous Systems

An autonomous system of ODFs which admitting a quasi-homogeneous group of symmetries is called a quasihomogeneous one.

Techniques for searching first integrals by Lie group and application to gyroscope system

In the paper, the methods of finding first integrals of an autonomous system using one-parameter Lie groups are discussed. A class of nontrivial one-parameter Lie groups admitted by the classical gyroscope system is found, and based on the properties of first integral determined by the one-parameter Lie group, the fourth first integral of the gyroscope system in Euler case, Lagrange case and Kovalevskaya case can be obtained in a uniform idea. An error on the fourth first integral in general Kovalevskaya case (A=B=2C,zG=0), which appeared in literature is found and corrected.

FIRST INTEGRALS AND INTEGRAL INVARIANTS FOR VARIABLE MASS NONHOLONOMIC SYSTEM IN NONINERTIAL REFERENCE FRAMES

The first integrals and their conditions of existence for variable massnonholonomic system in noninertial relerence frames are obtained,and the canonicalequations and the variation equations of the system are extended. It is proved that using the first integral we can construct the integral invariant of the system.Finally,a series of deductions and an example are given.

A Birkhoff-Noether method of solving differential equations

In this paper, a Birkhoff-Noether method of solving ordinary differential equations is presented. The differential equations can be expressed in terms of Birkhoff＇s equations. The first integrals for differential equations can be found by using the Noether theory for Birkhoffian systems. Two examples are given to illustrate the application of the method.

A comparison of two formulations of the fin efficiency for straight fins

A formulation of the fin efficiency based on New- ton＇s law of cooling is compared with a formulation based on a ratio of heat transferred from the fin surface to the sur- rounding fluid to the heat conducted through the base. The first formulation requires that the solution of the nonlinear fin equations for constant heat transfer coefficient and constant thermal conductivity is known, whilst the second formulation of the fin efficiency requires only that a first integral of the model equation is known. This paper shows the first for- mulation of the fin efficiency contains approximation errors as only power series and approximate solutions to the non- linear fin equations have been determined. The second for- mulation of the fin efficiency is exact when the first integrals can be determined.

Travelling solitary wave solutions for the generalized Burgers-Huxley equation with nonlinear terms of any order

In this paper, the travelling wave solutions for the generalized Burgers-Huxley equation with nonlinear terms of any order are studied. By using the first integral method, which is based on the divisor theorem, some exact explicit travelling solitary wave solutions for the above equation are obtained. As a result, some minor errors and some known results in the previousl literature are clarified and improved.

Application of canonical coordinates for solving single-freedom constraint mechanical systems

This paper introduces the canonical coordinates method to obtain the first integral of a single-degree freedom constraint mechanical system that contains conserva-tive and non-conservative constraint homonomic systems. The definition and properties of canonical coordinates are introduced. The relation between Lie point symmetries and the canonical coordinates of the constraint mechanical system are expressed. By this re-lation, the canonical coordinates can be obtained. Properties of the canonical coordinates and the Lie symmetry theory are used to seek the first integrals of constraint mechanical system. Three examples are used to show applications of the results.

Some new exact solutions to the Burgers-Fisher equation and generalized Burgers-Fisher equation

Some new exact solutions of the Burgers-Fisher equation and generalized Burgers-Fisher equation have been obtained by using the first integral method. These solutions include exponential function solutions, singular solitary wave solutions and some more complex solutions whose figures are given in the article. The result shows that the first integral method is one of the most effective approaches to obtain the solutions of the nonlinear partial differential equations.

Traveling wave solutions for two nonlinear evolution equations with nonlinear terms of any order

In this paper, based on the known first integral method and the Riccati sub-ordinary differential equation （ODE） method, we try to seek the exact solutions of the general Gardner equation and the general Benjamin-Bona-Mahoney equation. As a result, some traveling wave solutions for the two nonlinear equations are established successfully. Also we make a comparison between the two methods. It turns out that the Riccati sub-ODE method is more effective than the first integral method in handling the proposed problems, and more general solutions are constructed by the Riccati sub-ODE method.

ON A GENERALIZATION OF BERTRAND’S THEOREM

Bertrand's theorem for the determination of the applied forces to a holonomic system from one of its first integrals, is extended to nonholonomic systems. Some interesting applications of this new result are also given.

NEW POINTSOF VIEW ON THE NONLOCAL FIELD THEORY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO THE FRACTURE MECHANICS( Ⅲ) ——RE_DISCUSS THE LINEAR THEORY OF NONLOCAL ELASTICITY

In this paper, it is proven that the balance equation of energy is the first integral of the balance equation of momentum in the linear theory of nonlocal elasticity. In other words, the balance equation of energy is not an independent one. It is also proven that the residual of nonlocal body force identically equals zero. This makes the transform formula of the nonlocal residual of energy much simpler. The linear nonlocal constitutive equations of elastic bodies are deduced in details, and a new formula to calculate the antisymmetric stress is given.

The New Infinite Sequence Solutions of Multiple Sine-Gordon Equations

By the function transformation and the first integral of the ordinary differential equations, the problem of solving the solutions of the double sine-Gordon equation and the treble sine-Gordon equation is researched, and the new solutions are obtained. First, the problem of solving the solutions of the double sine-Gordon equation and the treble sine-Gordon equation is changed to the problem of solving the solutions of the nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Second, with the help of the B?cklund transformation and the nonlinear superposition formula of solutions of the first kind of elliptic equation and the Riccati equation, the new infinite sequence soliton-like solutions of two kinds of sine-Gordon equations are constructed.