Deletion and Recovery Scheme of Electronic Health Records Based onMedical Certificate Blockchain

The trusted sharing of Electronic Health Records(EHRs)can realize the efficient use of medical data resources.Generally speaking,EHRs are widely used in blockchain-based medical data platforms.EHRs are valuable private assets of patients,and the ownership belongs to patients.While recent research has shown that patients can freely and effectively delete the EHRs stored in hospitals,it does not address the challenge of record sharing when patients revisit doctors.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes a deletion and recovery scheme of EHRs based on Medical Certificate Blockchain.This paper uses cross-chain technology to connect the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the Hospital Blockchain to real-ize the recovery of deleted EHRs.At the same time,this paper uses the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)to store Personal Health Records,which are generated by patients visiting different medical institutions.In addition,this paper also combines digital watermarking technology to ensure the authenticity of the restored electronic medical records.Under the combined effect of blockchain technology and digital watermarking,our proposal will not be affected by any other rights throughout the process.System analysis and security analysis illustrate the completeness and feasibility of the scheme.

Data Masking for Chinese Electronic Medical Records with Named Entity Recognition

With the rapid development of information technology,the electronifi-cation of medical records has gradually become a trend.In China,the population base is huge and the supporting medical institutions are numerous,so this reality drives the conversion of paper medical records to electronic medical records.Electronic medical records are the basis for establishing a smart hospital and an important guarantee for achieving medical intelligence,and the massive amount of electronic medical record data is also an important data set for conducting research in the medical field.However,electronic medical records contain a large amount of private patient information,which must be desensitized before they are used as open resources.Therefore,to solve the above problems,data masking for Chinese electronic medical records with named entity recognition is proposed in this paper.Firstly,the text is vectorized to satisfy the required format of the model input.Secondly,since the input sentences may have a long or short length and the relationship between sentences in context is not negligible.To this end,a neural network model for named entity recognition based on bidirectional long short-term memory(BiLSTM)with conditional random fields(CRF)is constructed.Finally,the data masking operation is performed based on the named entity recog-nition results,mainly using regular expression filtering encryption and principal component analysis(PCA)word vector compression and replacement.In addi-tion,comparison experiments with the hidden markov model(HMM)model,LSTM-CRF model,and BiLSTM model are conducted in this paper.The experi-mental results show that the method used in this paper achieves 92.72%Accuracy,92.30%Recall,and 92.51%F1_score,which has higher accuracy compared with other models.

Maturity Assessment of Hospital Information Systems Based on Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM)— Private Hospital Cases in Iran

Introduction: Today, information technology is considered as an important national development principle in each country which is applied in different fields. Health care as a whole and the hospitals could be regarded as a field and organizations with most remarkable IT applications respectively. Although different benchmarks and frameworks have been developed to assess different aspects of Hospital Information Systems (HISs) by various researchers, there is not any suitable reference model yet to benchmark HIS in the world. Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model (EMRAM) has been currently presented and is globally well-known to benchmark the rate of HIS utilization in the hospitals. Notwithstanding, this model has not been introduced in Iran so far. Methods: This research was carried out based on an applied descriptive method in three private hospitals of Isfahan—one of the most important provinces of Iran—in the year 2015. The purpose of this study was to investigate IT utilization stage in three selected private hospitals. Conclusion: The findings revealed that HIS is not at the center of concern in studied hospitals and is in the first maturity stage in accordance with EMRAM. However, hospital managers are enforced and under the pressure of different beneficiaries including insurance companies to improve their HIS. Therefore, it could be concluded that these types of hospitals are still far away from desirable conditions and need to enhance their IT utilization stage significantly.

Development of Medical Informatization in the Era of Big Data

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the development of medical informatization in the era of big data.Through literature review and theoretical analysis,the development of medical informatization in the era of big data is deeply discussed.The results show that medical informatization has developed rapidly in the era of big data,and its role in clinical decision-making,scientific research,teaching,and management has become increasingly prominent.The development of medical informatization in the era of big data has important purposes and methods,which can produce important results and conclusions and provide strong support for the development of the medical field.

Cautionary note:Electronic medical records,a potential disaster in the making?

Concern is expressed that electronic medical records may actually compromise care.Reports are electronically collated with patient charts, but when are they examined? Current electronic transmission of results to patients' electronic medical records do not seem to notify of new information.The unknown time from prescription to patient action and the variable time required for individual test performance seem to mandate that a physician attempting to be conscientious would have to examine all sections of every patient medical record in their practice, every day.That is quite inefficient and error-prone.Electronic medical record still contains what appear to be dangerous "bugs" which compromise our ability to provide the care we believe our patients deserve? I remain unsure that outpatient electronic medical records are "ready for prime time."

A Proposed Layered Architecture to Maintain Privacy Issues in Electronic Medical Records

Securing large amounts of electronic medical records stored in different forms and in many locations, while making availability to authorized users is considered as a great challenge. Maintaining protection and privacy of personal information is a strong motivation in the development of security policies. It is critical for health care organizations to access, analyze, and ensure security policies to meet the challenge and to develop the necessary policies to ensure the security of medical information. The problem, then, is how we can maintain the availability of the electronic medical records and at the same time maintain the privacy of patients’ information. This paper will propose a novel architecture model for the Electronic Medical Record (EMR), in which useful statistical medical records will be available to the interested parties while maintaining the privacy of patients’ information.

Implementing of Electronic Medical Record in Pelvic Floor Ward: A Pilot Study

The electronic medical record is an essential technology tool to improve the quality of care. In present study we reported on the design and feasibility of electronic medical records in Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Ward. Our main goal was documentation with the least possible missed data, evidence-based decision making, documented active patient follow up and increasing patient’s satisfaction. The Electronic Registry System of Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction (Vali e Asr Hospital, Tehran, Iran) was designed in mid 2014 and tested till March 2015. The software description was designed based on previous paper questionnaire used in this ward. The electronic questionnaires were filled in upon hospitalization and thereafter including follow ups. The questionnaire included 10 demographic and 15 main questions. A digital analog scale (1 - 10) in each part quantified the effects of problem on patient’s quality of life and also the effects of interventions as well. Entered information in each step was available for those with defined access. Reporting design was dependent on the needed data. Our supervised data entry was a guarantee to the quality of information with the least errors. Access to all para clinical data made rapid and evidence-based decision making. Patient satisfaction was achieved because of unified approach. The most interesting part was access to evidence-based results and data to be used in research projects. This study showed that EMRs in Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Wards could provide valuable information, improve the quality of care and increase patient’s satisfaction.

Impact of mobile health and medical applications on clinical practice in gastroenterology

Mobile health apps (MHAs) and medical apps (MAs) are becoming increasinglypopular as digital interventions in a wide range of health-related applications inalmost all sectors of healthcare. The surge in demand for digital medical solutionshas been accelerated by the need for new diagnostic and therapeutic methods inthe current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This also applies to clinicalpractice in gastroenterology, which has, in many respects, undergone a recentdigital transformation with numerous consequences that will impact patients andhealth care professionals in the near future. MHAs and MAs are considered tohave great potential, especially for chronic diseases, as they can support the selfmanagementof patients in many ways. Despite the great potential associated withthe application of MHAs and MAs in gastroenterology and health care in general,there are numerous challenges to be met in the future, including both the ethicaland legal aspects of applying this technology. The aim of this article is to providean overview of the current status of MHA and MA use in the field ofgastroenterology, describe the future perspectives in this field and point out someof the challenges that need to be addressed.

Impact of Bar-Code Medication Administration and Electronic Medication Administration Record System in Clinical Practice for an Effective Medication Administration Process

Clinical innovations are ideations resulting from collective experiences that enhance the “norm” and embrace an avenue for change with an invention. As such, collective data that were suggestive of increased medication errors that compromised patient safety initiated the exploration of methods that could reduce multifactorial human errors. The pursuit for an appropriate system followed with the discovery of barcode medication administration system (BCMA) and electronic medication administration system (e-MAR). Prior to the adoption of BCMA and e-MAR, it was crucial to assess the impact of the new medication administration system and the rate of medication administration errors recorded, specifically those that resulted in harm. The purpose of the study was to evaluate BCMA and e-MAR usage outcomes, clinical practices, policies, and processes impacting nurses administering medications in the clinical environment using BCMA and e-MAR system. Thus, an annotated literature review was conducted prior to the implementation of the innovation which analyzed various studies that elaborated on their study methods, data collection and analysis that deliberated on the advantages and disadvantages of barcode medication administration system. It is evident in the researched journals that increased compliance was observed with appropriate guidance, processes and policies in place. There was also a significant reduction in reported errors. The incorporation of barcode technology with electronic medication administration record (e-MAR) had greatly improved the efficiency of the BCMA system. BCMAs method was one of the proposed solutions to medication administration errors and to enhance patient safety measures. As such, the innovation could significantly reduce medication error resulting from intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This paper will further elaborate on the advantages and disadvantages of BCMA and e-MAR, the strategies assumed in the development of BCMA and e-MAR system and its implementation process by identifying and overcoming potential challenges that may arise.

Integrating Electronic Systems for Requesting Clinical Laboratory Test into Digital Clinical Records: Design and Implementation

Clinical laboratory tests are basic elements that support healthcare tasks such as disease detection, diagnosis and monitoring of response to treatments. Current laboratory information systems focus on the patient database, tests and results, with multiple modules available, connecting with the various analytical systems or work areas. However laboratory information systems functioned as “islands of information”, because their design was fundamentally inward-looking and disconnected from other healthcare computer applications. Actually, the Electronic Health Register (EHR) is considered by clinicians as a tool with great potential healthcare benefits. The EHR, in the sense of a unique and complete record of a patient’s healthcare and state of health, regardless of the healthcare level used, is a real attempt to eliminate these “islands of information” and need modules to act as “bridges” with the laboratory information systems. This type of module, which in generic terms may be referred to as a laboratory test request module, has become an essential feature of the EHR. These modules need to use a laboratory coding system as a common language for exchanging information, ensuring that tests and results are unequivocally identified. The development of the laboratory test request module requires the commitment of professionals and political authorities, being necessary time for their design and an adequate pilot phase. The laboratory professionals have to assume a leadership role in the whole process of design, development and implementation of these modules, integrating in the equipment of information technologies of healthcare providers. In our manuscript we review the elements that may prove electronic systems for requesting clinical laboratory test into digital clinical records and the key elements to move from theory to practice.

Classification of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease subtypes based on TCM clinical phenotype

Objective:To classify the subtypes of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and provide new insights into the heterogeneity of MAFLD.Methods:Electronic medical records(EMR)of MAFLD diagnosed in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2016-2020 were included in the study.for physical annotation,and the data on each clinical phenotype was normalized according to corresponding aspirational standards.The MAFLD heterogeneous medical record network(HEMnet)was constructed using sex,age,disease diagnosis,symptoms,and Western medicine prescriptions as nodes and the co-occurrence times between phenotypes as edges.K-means clustering was used for disease classification.Relative risk(RR)was used to assess the specificity of each phenotype.Statistical methods were used to compare differences in laboratory indicators among subtypes.Results:A total of patients(12,626)with a mean age of 55.02(±14.21)years were included in the study.MAFLD can be divided into five subtypes:digestive diseases(C0),mental disorders and gynecological diseases(C1),chronic liver diseases and decompensated complications(C2),diabetes mellitus and its complications(C3),and immune joint system diseases(C4).Conclusions:Patients with MAFLD experience various symptoms and complications.The classification of MAFLD based on the HEMnet method is highly reliable.

Serum Sodium Fluctuation Prediction among ICU Patients Using Neural Network Algorithm:Analysis of the MIMIC-IV Database

Sodium homeostasis disorder is one of the most common abnormal symptoms of elderly patients in intensive care unit(ICU),which may lead to physiological disorders of many organs.The current prediction of serum sodium in ICU is mainly based on the subjective judgment of doctors’experience.This study aims at this problem by studying the clinical retrospective electronic medical record data of ICU to establish a machine learning model to predict the short-term serum sodium value of ICU patients.The data set used in this study is the open-source intensive care medical information set Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care(MIMIC)-IV.The time point of serum sodium detection was selected from the ICU clinical records,and the ICU records of 25risk factors related to serum sodium were extracted from the patients within the first 12 h for statistical analysis.A prediction model of serum sodium value within 48 h was established using a feedforward neural network,and compared with previous methods.Our research results show that the neural network learning model can predict the development of serum sodium in patients using physiological indicators recorded in clinical electronic medical records within 12 h,and has better prediction effect than the serum sodium formula and other machine learning models.

基于后结构化技术的临床病种库系统设计与应用

目的:为解决传统临床病种库系统存在的依赖大量人工判断、缺乏辅助标注、电子病历数据可用性差等问题,设计一种基于后结构化技术的临床病种库系统。方法:先通过I2B2标准以及双向长短期记忆网络(bi-directional long short-term memory,BiLSTM)模型构建实体识别模型,形成病历模板库,然后组合病历模板库形成关系模板,抽取复杂的医学实体,实现电子病历的后结构化。之后,基于电子病历后结构化技术构建包括病历结构化、结构化评估、数据标注、常规功能和系统管理5个模块的临床病种库系统。结果:该系统可以将电子病历文本转化为结构化语言,提供更精细化的数据要素提取、更智能的结构化服务,提高了临床和科研工作的效率。结论:该系统提高了临床病种的数据可用性,减轻了用户数据加工的工作强度,保证了数据应用的高质量,为医学研究、临床辅助决策打下了坚实的基础。

老年慢性心力衰竭住院患者中重度心力衰竭发生风险预测模型的构建

目的基于电子病历的方式,构建慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者中重度心力衰竭发生风险预测模型,并验证该模型的预测效果。方法2019年1月-2020年12月,选择上海市某三级甲等医院心血管临床医学中心诊断为CHF的299例患者为研究对象,采用Logistic回归建立CHF患者中重度心力衰竭发生风险预测模型,采用Hosmer-Lemeshow和受试者操作特征曲线分别检验模型的拟合优度及预测效果,并纳入100例患者对模型进行验证。结果心超(运动幅度降低)(OR=5.109)、双下肢水肿(OR=3.947)、心房颤动(OR=2.772)、血肌酐升高(OR=1.015)是CHF患者发生中重度心力衰竭的危险因素;血清白蛋白升高(OR=0.939)是保护因素;Hosmer-Lemeshow检验P=0.127,受试者操作特征曲线下面积为0.858,约登指数为0.528,最佳临界值为0.805,灵敏度为0.731,特异度为0.797,实际应用的正确率为77.00%。结论本课题建立的CHF患者中重度心力衰竭发生风险的预测模型效果良好,有利于以后早期识别中重度心力衰竭发生风险电子系统报警提示程序的更新提供依据。

基于HIS重塑医保结算清单管理流程的实践与成效

目的解决住院病案首页诊断和手术操作信息平移至医保结算清单导致医保疾病诊断相关分组(DRG)结果异常的问题。方法调整病案编码员工作流程,在医院信息系统(HIS)中新增“结算清单诊断”“结算清单手术”功能模块,打造住院病案首页及医保结算清单上传业务联动、信息共享的全流程方案。结果住院病案首页、医保结算清单都能准确、完整地上报,医保结算清单质量提升明显,一次上传成功率由60%提升至98%,平均上传时限由原来的10天缩短至5天,歧义组(QY组)病例由原来的约20%下降至5%。结论基于HIS的个性化流程改造,建立起医保结算清单的全流程管理模式,提升了医院管理水平,保障了住院病案首页质量及医保结算清单质量。

基于电子病历六级标准建设门诊合理用药闭环管理模式

目的:基于电子病历系统应用水平六级标准创建该院门诊合理用药闭环管理模式,旨在为门诊患者合理用药保驾护航,为智慧药学建设提供参考。方法:利用人工智能技术对医师开方、药师审核、药品调剂、处方点评等门诊合理用药各环节进行管理,建立符合国家电子病历六级标准的闭环体系。同时,回顾性分析该院闭环管理前(2023年3—5月)、闭环管理前后(2023年6—8月)门诊处方用药不合理率。结果:应用门诊合理用药闭环管理模式后,门诊处方用药不合理率为3.56%(40723/1145056),较管理前的4.57%(52681/1153154)降低了1.01%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);除遴选药品不适宜外,其他类型不适宜用药处方数均较管理前显著减少;门诊次均药品费用为146.20元,较管理前的158.35元减少了7.67%,有效改善了公立医院绩效考核指标。结论:该院建设的门诊合理用药闭环管理体系满足国家电子病历六级评级要求,能够规范医疗人员的工作流程,减少门诊不合理用药。

北京市麻醉科电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化系统建设现状分析

目的探究北京市麻醉科电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化系统的建设现状。方法选取2021年1~12月北京市辖区内109家二级及以上医院上报的质控数据进行分析,对麻醉科电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化系统相关的质控指标实行动态管理,探讨其在临床麻醉及质控管理中的应用现状。结果截至2021年12月,64家医院(58.7%)启用麻醉科电子记录系统,63家(57.8%)医院启用电子化麻醉记录单,45家(41.3%)医院启用电子化术前访视记录单,49家(45.0%)医院启用电子化术后随访记录单,32家(29.4%)医院启用电子化麻醉恢复室记录单,23家(21.1%)医院配备智能药柜,68家(62.4%)医院配备彩色药品标签。朝阳区、海淀区、东城区、西城区麻醉科电子病历信息化医院数量较多,顺义区、门头沟区、通州区、平谷区上报的医院中只有1~2家医院启用麻醉信息管理系统,麻醉科电子病历信息化程度较低,怀柔区、密云区上报的医院中尚未启用麻醉信息管理系统。结论北京市部分区域麻醉电子病历信息化及药品管理智能化仍偏低、麻醉信息化建设滞后,需进一步加强麻醉质控管理标准化和医疗服务同质化建设。

探讨按病种分值付费背景下全面质量管理在住院病案首页质量改进中的应用效果分析

目的探讨按病种分值付费(DIP)背景下全面质量管理在住院病案首页质量改进中的应用效果。方法选取2021—2022年福建省龙岩市第一医院在DIP背景下住院病案首页全面质量管理前后的住院病案各1346份作为研究对象,比较DIP背景下全面质量管理实施前后住院病案首页患者费用信息、诊疗信息、住院过程信息、基本信息缺陷的发生率及主要诊断、其他诊断、主要手术操作、其他手术操作填写及编码的合格率。结果DIP背景下全面质量管理后,病案首页费用信息、诊疗信息、住院过程信息及基本信息缺陷的发生率低于全面质量管理前,病案首页主要诊断、其他诊断、主要手术操作、其他手术操作填写及编码的合格率高于全面质量管理前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在DIP背景下住院病案首页质量改进中应用全面质量管理,可有效降低患者病案首页信息缺陷的发生率,提高病案首页疾病诊断、手术操作填写及编码的合格率,值得临床推广应用。

四川省医疗机构门诊电子病历应用现状分析

目的 了解四川省医疗机构门诊电子病历的应用现状,分析进一步提升门诊电子病历建设与管理水平的措施。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法于2023年9月对四川省155家二级及以上应用门诊电子病历的医疗机构进行调查,调查内容包括医疗机构基本情况、门诊电子病历建设与管理情况。结果 155家医疗机构中,三级和二级医疗机构分别为107家(69.03%)和48家(30.97%),全面应用和部分应用门诊电子病历的医疗机构分别为142家(91.61%)和13家(8.39%),采用半结构化电子病历模板95家(61.29%)。检验、超声、影像、病理报告、历史病历能直接引用的分别为141家(90.97%)、133家(85.81%)、127家(81.94%)、61家(39.35%)、 92家(59.35%)。使用门诊标准诊断库/医保诊断的有151家(97.42%)。新上门诊医生开展病历相关培训共144家(92.90%),有专业技术人员系统维护的有149家(96.13%),为专家配置专职或兼职医生助理共53家(34.19%),诊间提供语音录入、图像提取等辅助设施的有11家(7.10%)。结论 各级医疗机构在门诊电子病历建设与管理方面存在一定差异,门诊病历的信息化水平参差不齐。医疗机构需进一步提升门诊电子病历的建设与管理水平。