A research team from the CAS Institute of Mechanics has been recently successful in developing China’s first plasma pyrolysis system for the treatment of solid chemical wastes.
The first mirror （FM） samples made of polycrystal （PC） stainless steel （SS）, molybdenum （Mo） and tungsten （W） were mounted at different locations in HT-7 tokamak to investigate the surface modifications caus...The first mirror （FM） samples made of polycrystal （PC） stainless steel （SS）, molybdenum （Mo） and tungsten （W） were mounted at different locations in HT-7 tokamak to investigate the surface modifications caused by erosion and deposition. The optical transmission characteristics of first mirror samples were measured by a spectrophotometer. It was found that different irradiation environment had different influences on the first mirror surfaces, especially with wave antenna nearby. In addition, the erosion made the reflectivity of FM degrade to some extents as a whole. But the deposition on the mirror influences more than erosion does. Comparing the mirrors of SS, W and Mo, irradiated in the same environment, the W-mirror had the least changes in reflectivity with regularity, while the SS-mirror had most serious changes.展开更多
Hemorrhage during trauma occurred in emergency situations is a significant challenge. It may be life threatening if it is not treated swiftly. A new device which can effectively stop bleeding to save life of injured p...Hemorrhage during trauma occurred in emergency situations is a significant challenge. It may be life threatening if it is not treated swiftly. A new device which can effectively stop bleeding to save life of injured person, especially in battlefield situations and accidents, is presented. A plasma generator is designed to generate a low temperature air plasma spray for treating wounds. The spectral spike at 777.4 nm in the emission spectrum of the plasma plume and the spatial distribution of this emission line’s spectral intensity indicate that abundant atomic oxygen is generated and sprays out of the generator by about 25 mm. Atomic oxygen carried by the plasma spray can quickly activate the cascading of coagulation processes and works as dry disinfectant to advance healing. Tests on blood droplets reveal the strong dependence of blood clotting on the amount of atomic oxygen applied in the plasma treatment, which is maneuvered by increasing the plasma treatment time or decreasing the exposure distance;in both approaches, the degree of blood clotting increases. Treated smeared blood samples show that an increase of the erythrocyte concentration and a drastic decrease of the platelet count are also correlated to the increase of atomic oxygen dose applied in the plasma treatment. The results reveal the mechanisms of air plasma blood coagulation and wound healing. As animal models, pigs were used in the tests of stopping wound bleeding from a cross cut in the ham area, from a hole in an ear’s saphenous vein, and from cuts to arteries in an ear and in a real leg, all stopped swiftly. Moreover, both artery cuts were secure to remove tourniquet;downgrade of tourniquet necessary wound in under 2 minutes was demonstrated. The healing progress of cross cut wounds was observed. The healing time was shortened to about half. This battery power plasma spray can be carried to or placed at anywhere available for first aid applications. It stops bleeding swiftly to save life, and also downgrades tourniquet necessary wound to extend the golden period of saving the remaining part below tourniquet.展开更多
This paper explores the effect of a liquid lithium curtain on fusion reactor plasma, such curtain is utilized as the first wall for the engineering outline design of the Fusion Experimental Breeder （FEB-E）. The rela...This paper explores the effect of a liquid lithium curtain on fusion reactor plasma, such curtain is utilized as the first wall for the engineering outline design of the Fusion Experimental Breeder （FEB-E）. The relationships between the surface temperature of a liquid lithium curtain and the effective plasma charge, fuel dilution and fusion power production have been derived. Results indicate that under normal operation, the evaporation of liquid lithium does not seriously affect the effective plasma charge, but effects on fuel dilution and fusion power are more sensitive. As an example, it has investigated the relationships between the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity and the rise of surface temperature based on operation scenario II of the FEB-E design with reversed shear configuration and high power density. Results show that even if the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity is as low as 0.5 m/s, the effects of evaporation from the liquid lithium curtain on plasma are negligible. In the present design, the sputtering of liquid lithium curtain and the particle removal effects of the divertor are not yet considered in detail. Further studies are in progress, and in this work implication of lithium erosion and divertor physics on fusion reactor operation are discussed.展开更多
The stainless steel （SS） first mirror pre-exposed in the deposition-dominated envi- ronment of the HT-7 tokamak was cleaned in the newly built radio frequency （RF） magnetron sputtering plasma device. The depositio...The stainless steel （SS） first mirror pre-exposed in the deposition-dominated envi- ronment of the HT-7 tokamak was cleaned in the newly built radio frequency （RF） magnetron sputtering plasma device. The deposition layer on the FM surface formed during the exposure was successfully removed by argon plasma with a RF power of about 80 W and a gas pressure of 0.087 Pa for 30 min. The total reflectivity of the mirrors was recovered up to 90% in the wavelength range of 300-800 nm, while the diffuse reflectivity showed a little increase, which was attributed to the increase of surface roughness in sputtering, and residual contaminants. The FMs made from single crystal materials could help to achieve a desired recovery of specular reflectivity in the future.展开更多
Tritium permeation through the first wall （FW） from the plasma into helium coolant is evaluated for a dual-functional lithium-lead test blanket module （DFLL-TBM）. The effect of the surface conditions on the plasma...Tritium permeation through the first wall （FW） from the plasma into helium coolant is evaluated for a dual-functional lithium-lead test blanket module （DFLL-TBM）. The effect of the surface conditions on the plasma facing and coolant sides, both temperature gradient and beryllium layer clad on the plasma facing side, as well as trapping in defects on the tritium permeation is considered. The results show that most of the tritium implanted in FW re-entered the plasma. The plasma-driven tritium permeation is very sensitive to the surface conditions on the plasma facing side. With a higher sticking coefficient on the plasma-facing side, the tritium permeation into helium coolant is significantly reduced. The tritium permeation is strongly reduced with a beryllium layer clad on the front side of FW. The plasma driven tritium permeation will not seriously impact the tritium safety of DFLL-TBM. Based on tritium safety, it is reasonable to clothe the beryllium layer on FW and keep the surface clean to reduce the plasma driven tritium permeation.展开更多
目的调查中国两广地区法定单采血浆区域新献血浆者的血尿酸和血脂水平状况,并分析其影响因素。方法通过完全随机抽样的方式随机选取2021年4月—2022年8月来自广西内陆地区(巴马和平果)和广东沿海地区(遂溪和廉江)4家单采血浆公司的合计1...目的调查中国两广地区法定单采血浆区域新献血浆者的血尿酸和血脂水平状况,并分析其影响因素。方法通过完全随机抽样的方式随机选取2021年4月—2022年8月来自广西内陆地区(巴马和平果)和广东沿海地区(遂溪和廉江)4家单采血浆公司的合计11485名新献血浆者,检测其血尿酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果11485名新献血浆者中血尿酸异常者占比为22%,血脂异常率为57.6%;其中UA、LDL-C、TC及TG水平与新献血浆者年龄显著相关(UA:r_(全部)=‒0.291,r_(男性)=‒0.138,r_(女性)=‒0.170;r_(LDL-C)=0.300,r_(TC)=0.340,r_(TG)=0.234;P<0.001);UA、HDL-C、LDL-C、TC及TG水平与新献血浆者BMI显著相关(UA:r_(全部)=0.201,r_(男性)=0.243,r_(女性)=0.241;r_(HDL-C)=-0.273,r_(LDL-C)=0.316,r_(TC)=0.275,r_(TG)=0.335;P<0.001);不同献浆区域间的新献浆者血尿酸(UA)和血(HDL-C,LDL-C,TC,TG)水平均存在显著差异(P<0.001);不同血型新献血浆者间的HDL-C、LDL-C和TC水平存在显著差异(P<0.001);新献血浆者中男性的UA和TG水平显著高于女性(UA:366μmol/L v s 262μmol/L,TG:1.4 mmol/L vs 1.4 mmol/L;P<0.001),女性新献血浆者的HDL-C和TC水平显著高于男性(HDL-C:1.1 mmol/L vs 0.9 mmol/L,TC:3.7 mmol/L vs 3.6 mmol/L;P<0.001);汉族和少数民族新献血浆者间的UA、HDL-C和TC水平存在显著差异(P<0.001);不同地区、性别、血型和民族的新献血浆者间血尿酸和血脂异常率存在显著差异(P<0.001);新献血浆者的浆站区域、血脂异常情况、性别、年龄、体重及身高是其血尿酸异常的独立风险因素(P<0.001);新献血浆者的浆站区域、血尿酸异常、性别、血型、年龄、体重及身高是其血脂异常的独立风险因素(P<0.001);新献血浆者的浆站区域、性别、体重及身高是其血尿酸和血脂异常的独立风险因素(P<0.001)。结论中国两广地区新献血浆者的血尿酸和血脂异常率较高,其中广东沿海地区的新献血浆者上述指标异常率较广西内陆地区比例高。推测这可能与两地不同的饮食习惯密切相关。展开更多
目的探索对于劳力性热射病患者采取血浆置换联合连续性肾脏替代疗法的治疗效果。方法收集2020年7月至2023年9月在莆田九十五医院急救医学科就诊的80例劳力性热射病患者临床资料,根据急救方法的不同分为观察组与对照组,观察组采用血浆置...目的探索对于劳力性热射病患者采取血浆置换联合连续性肾脏替代疗法的治疗效果。方法收集2020年7月至2023年9月在莆田九十五医院急救医学科就诊的80例劳力性热射病患者临床资料,根据急救方法的不同分为观察组与对照组,观察组采用血浆置换联合连续性肾脏替代疗法,对照组采用连续血液透析,每组各40例。比较两组患者的生化指标、主要生命体征、急性病生理学和长期健康评价(Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation,APACHE)评分以及救治成功率。结果治疗前,两组患者丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBL)、血清肌酐(Cr)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、D-二聚体(D-dimer)水平,T/℃、心率、氧合指数、APACHE评分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者ALT、AST、TBL、Cr、CK、D-dimer水平均显著降低(P<0.001),且和对照组相比,观察组患者降低水平更显著;两组患者T/℃、心率、APACHE评分也均显著降低,氧合指数显著升高(P<0.001),且和对照组相比,观察组患者T/℃、心率、APACHE评分降低更显著,氧合指数升高更显著。观察组患者抢救成功率为95.00%,显著高于对照组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论劳力性热射病患者采取血浆置换联合连续性肾脏替代疗法,可显著改善患者血清生化指标和主要生命体征,降低患者APACHE评分,提高抢救成功率。展开更多
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） is a powerful analytical tool for real- time diagnostics and detection of multiple elements deposited at the first wall of magnetically confined plasma ft^sion devices. Re...Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） is a powerful analytical tool for real- time diagnostics and detection of multiple elements deposited at the first wall of magnetically confined plasma ft^sion devices. Recently, we have tested LIBS in our laboratory for application to in situ real-time diagnostics in the fusion device EAST. In this study, we applied polarization- resolved LIBS （PR-LIBS） to reduce the background continuum and enhance the resolution and sensitivity of LIBS. We used aluminium （A1） （as a substitute for Be） and the first wall materials tungsten （W） and molybdenum （Mo） to investigate polarized continuum emission and signal-to- background ratio （SBR）. A Nd：YAG laser with first, second and third harmonics was used to produce plasma. The effects of the laser polarization plane, environmental pressure and polarizer detection angle were investigated. The spectra obtained without using a polarizer （i.e. LIBS） were compared with those obtained with a polarizer （PR-LIBS）. Distribution of emission spectral intensity was observed to follow Malus＇ law with respect to variation in the angle of detection of the polarizer. The spectra obtained by PR-LIBS had a higher SBR and greater stability than those obtained by LIBS, thereby enhancing the reliability of LIBS for quantitative analyses. A comparison of A1, Mo and W showed that W exhibited a higher continuum with stronger polarization than the low-Z elements.展开更多
文摘A research team from the CAS Institute of Mechanics has been recently successful in developing China’s first plasma pyrolysis system for the treatment of solid chemical wastes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10775138)
文摘The first mirror （FM） samples made of polycrystal （PC） stainless steel （SS）, molybdenum （Mo） and tungsten （W） were mounted at different locations in HT-7 tokamak to investigate the surface modifications caused by erosion and deposition. The optical transmission characteristics of first mirror samples were measured by a spectrophotometer. It was found that different irradiation environment had different influences on the first mirror surfaces, especially with wave antenna nearby. In addition, the erosion made the reflectivity of FM degrade to some extents as a whole. But the deposition on the mirror influences more than erosion does. Comparing the mirrors of SS, W and Mo, irradiated in the same environment, the W-mirror had the least changes in reflectivity with regularity, while the SS-mirror had most serious changes.
文摘Hemorrhage during trauma occurred in emergency situations is a significant challenge. It may be life threatening if it is not treated swiftly. A new device which can effectively stop bleeding to save life of injured person, especially in battlefield situations and accidents, is presented. A plasma generator is designed to generate a low temperature air plasma spray for treating wounds. The spectral spike at 777.4 nm in the emission spectrum of the plasma plume and the spatial distribution of this emission line’s spectral intensity indicate that abundant atomic oxygen is generated and sprays out of the generator by about 25 mm. Atomic oxygen carried by the plasma spray can quickly activate the cascading of coagulation processes and works as dry disinfectant to advance healing. Tests on blood droplets reveal the strong dependence of blood clotting on the amount of atomic oxygen applied in the plasma treatment, which is maneuvered by increasing the plasma treatment time or decreasing the exposure distance;in both approaches, the degree of blood clotting increases. Treated smeared blood samples show that an increase of the erythrocyte concentration and a drastic decrease of the platelet count are also correlated to the increase of atomic oxygen dose applied in the plasma treatment. The results reveal the mechanisms of air plasma blood coagulation and wound healing. As animal models, pigs were used in the tests of stopping wound bleeding from a cross cut in the ham area, from a hole in an ear’s saphenous vein, and from cuts to arteries in an ear and in a real leg, all stopped swiftly. Moreover, both artery cuts were secure to remove tourniquet;downgrade of tourniquet necessary wound in under 2 minutes was demonstrated. The healing progress of cross cut wounds was observed. The healing time was shortened to about half. This battery power plasma spray can be carried to or placed at anywhere available for first aid applications. It stops bleeding swiftly to save life, and also downgrades tourniquet necessary wound to extend the golden period of saving the remaining part below tourniquet.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10085001）, and in part the U.S. Department of Energy （Contract No W-31-109-ENG-38）.
文摘This paper explores the effect of a liquid lithium curtain on fusion reactor plasma, such curtain is utilized as the first wall for the engineering outline design of the Fusion Experimental Breeder （FEB-E）. The relationships between the surface temperature of a liquid lithium curtain and the effective plasma charge, fuel dilution and fusion power production have been derived. Results indicate that under normal operation, the evaporation of liquid lithium does not seriously affect the effective plasma charge, but effects on fuel dilution and fusion power are more sensitive. As an example, it has investigated the relationships between the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity and the rise of surface temperature based on operation scenario II of the FEB-E design with reversed shear configuration and high power density. Results show that even if the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity is as low as 0.5 m/s, the effects of evaporation from the liquid lithium curtain on plasma are negligible. In the present design, the sputtering of liquid lithium curtain and the particle removal effects of the divertor are not yet considered in detail. Further studies are in progress, and in this work implication of lithium erosion and divertor physics on fusion reactor operation are discussed.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2013GB105003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11175205)
文摘The stainless steel （SS） first mirror pre-exposed in the deposition-dominated envi- ronment of the HT-7 tokamak was cleaned in the newly built radio frequency （RF） magnetron sputtering plasma device. The deposition layer on the FM surface formed during the exposure was successfully removed by argon plasma with a RF power of about 80 W and a gas pressure of 0.087 Pa for 30 min. The total reflectivity of the mirrors was recovered up to 90% in the wavelength range of 300-800 nm, while the diffuse reflectivity showed a little increase, which was attributed to the increase of surface roughness in sputtering, and residual contaminants. The FMs made from single crystal materials could help to achieve a desired recovery of specular reflectivity in the future.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10675123,10775135 and 50871108)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Tritium permeation through the first wall （FW） from the plasma into helium coolant is evaluated for a dual-functional lithium-lead test blanket module （DFLL-TBM）. The effect of the surface conditions on the plasma facing and coolant sides, both temperature gradient and beryllium layer clad on the plasma facing side, as well as trapping in defects on the tritium permeation is considered. The results show that most of the tritium implanted in FW re-entered the plasma. The plasma-driven tritium permeation is very sensitive to the surface conditions on the plasma facing side. With a higher sticking coefficient on the plasma-facing side, the tritium permeation into helium coolant is significantly reduced. The tritium permeation is strongly reduced with a beryllium layer clad on the front side of FW. The plasma driven tritium permeation will not seriously impact the tritium safety of DFLL-TBM. Based on tritium safety, it is reasonable to clothe the beryllium layer on FW and keep the surface clean to reduce the plasma driven tritium permeation.
文摘目的调查中国两广地区法定单采血浆区域新献血浆者的血尿酸和血脂水平状况,并分析其影响因素。方法通过完全随机抽样的方式随机选取2021年4月—2022年8月来自广西内陆地区(巴马和平果)和广东沿海地区(遂溪和廉江)4家单采血浆公司的合计11485名新献血浆者,检测其血尿酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果11485名新献血浆者中血尿酸异常者占比为22%,血脂异常率为57.6%;其中UA、LDL-C、TC及TG水平与新献血浆者年龄显著相关(UA:r_(全部)=‒0.291,r_(男性)=‒0.138,r_(女性)=‒0.170;r_(LDL-C)=0.300,r_(TC)=0.340,r_(TG)=0.234;P<0.001);UA、HDL-C、LDL-C、TC及TG水平与新献血浆者BMI显著相关(UA:r_(全部)=0.201,r_(男性)=0.243,r_(女性)=0.241;r_(HDL-C)=-0.273,r_(LDL-C)=0.316,r_(TC)=0.275,r_(TG)=0.335;P<0.001);不同献浆区域间的新献浆者血尿酸(UA)和血(HDL-C,LDL-C,TC,TG)水平均存在显著差异(P<0.001);不同血型新献血浆者间的HDL-C、LDL-C和TC水平存在显著差异(P<0.001);新献血浆者中男性的UA和TG水平显著高于女性(UA:366μmol/L v s 262μmol/L,TG:1.4 mmol/L vs 1.4 mmol/L;P<0.001),女性新献血浆者的HDL-C和TC水平显著高于男性(HDL-C:1.1 mmol/L vs 0.9 mmol/L,TC:3.7 mmol/L vs 3.6 mmol/L;P<0.001);汉族和少数民族新献血浆者间的UA、HDL-C和TC水平存在显著差异(P<0.001);不同地区、性别、血型和民族的新献血浆者间血尿酸和血脂异常率存在显著差异(P<0.001);新献血浆者的浆站区域、血脂异常情况、性别、年龄、体重及身高是其血尿酸异常的独立风险因素(P<0.001);新献血浆者的浆站区域、血尿酸异常、性别、血型、年龄、体重及身高是其血脂异常的独立风险因素(P<0.001);新献血浆者的浆站区域、性别、体重及身高是其血尿酸和血脂异常的独立风险因素(P<0.001)。结论中国两广地区新献血浆者的血尿酸和血脂异常率较高,其中广东沿海地区的新献血浆者上述指标异常率较广西内陆地区比例高。推测这可能与两地不同的饮食习惯密切相关。
文摘目的探索对于劳力性热射病患者采取血浆置换联合连续性肾脏替代疗法的治疗效果。方法收集2020年7月至2023年9月在莆田九十五医院急救医学科就诊的80例劳力性热射病患者临床资料,根据急救方法的不同分为观察组与对照组,观察组采用血浆置换联合连续性肾脏替代疗法,对照组采用连续血液透析,每组各40例。比较两组患者的生化指标、主要生命体征、急性病生理学和长期健康评价(Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation,APACHE)评分以及救治成功率。结果治疗前,两组患者丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBL)、血清肌酐(Cr)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、D-二聚体(D-dimer)水平,T/℃、心率、氧合指数、APACHE评分均无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者ALT、AST、TBL、Cr、CK、D-dimer水平均显著降低(P<0.001),且和对照组相比,观察组患者降低水平更显著;两组患者T/℃、心率、APACHE评分也均显著降低,氧合指数显著升高(P<0.001),且和对照组相比,观察组患者T/℃、心率、APACHE评分降低更显著,氧合指数升高更显著。观察组患者抢救成功率为95.00%,显著高于对照组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论劳力性热射病患者采取血浆置换联合连续性肾脏替代疗法,可显著改善患者血清生化指标和主要生命体征,降低患者APACHE评分,提高抢救成功率。
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2013GB109005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11175035,10875023)+1 种基金Chinesisch-Deutsches Forschungs Project(GZ768)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT12ZD(G)01)
文摘Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） is a powerful analytical tool for real- time diagnostics and detection of multiple elements deposited at the first wall of magnetically confined plasma ft^sion devices. Recently, we have tested LIBS in our laboratory for application to in situ real-time diagnostics in the fusion device EAST. In this study, we applied polarization- resolved LIBS （PR-LIBS） to reduce the background continuum and enhance the resolution and sensitivity of LIBS. We used aluminium （A1） （as a substitute for Be） and the first wall materials tungsten （W） and molybdenum （Mo） to investigate polarized continuum emission and signal-to- background ratio （SBR）. A Nd：YAG laser with first, second and third harmonics was used to produce plasma. The effects of the laser polarization plane, environmental pressure and polarizer detection angle were investigated. The spectra obtained without using a polarizer （i.e. LIBS） were compared with those obtained with a polarizer （PR-LIBS）. Distribution of emission spectral intensity was observed to follow Malus＇ law with respect to variation in the angle of detection of the polarizer. The spectra obtained by PR-LIBS had a higher SBR and greater stability than those obtained by LIBS, thereby enhancing the reliability of LIBS for quantitative analyses. A comparison of A1, Mo and W showed that W exhibited a higher continuum with stronger polarization than the low-Z elements.
