Research Progress of Radical Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Based on Drug Sensitivity Test as First-Line Treatment

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is a global problem that affects about half of the world’s population and requires sufficient attention in clinical and scientific work. Due to differences in economic and medical conditions among countries around the world, there is currently no unified treatment plan for anti-HP. In China, empirical quadruple therapy is mainly used. With the abuse of antibiotics, many patients face the problem of secondary eradication after failure, and the resistance rate of HP is gradually increasing. After eradication failure, drug sensitivity cultivation is carried out to choose sensitive antibiotics for treatment. A new strategy is currently needed to address how to improve the eradication rate of HP during the first eradication. This article aims to discuss the first-line treatment plans and research progress for eradicating HP based on drug sensitivity testing before eradication. Compared with traditional empirical therapies, treatment based on drug sensitivity results can effectively improve the eradication rate of HP, and reduce drug resistance rates, and adverse reactions, among other benefits. .

Antihypertensive drugs and glucose metabolism

Hypertension plays a major role in the development and progression of micro-and macrovascular disease.Moreover,increased blood pressure often coexists with additional cardiovascular risk factors such as insulin resistance.As a result the need for a comprehensive management of hypertensive patients is critical.However,the various antihypertensive drug categories have different effects on glucose metabolism.Indeed,angiotensin receptor blockers as well as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors have been associated with beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis.Calcium channel blockers(CCBs)have an overall neutral effect on glucose metabolism.However,some members of the CCBs class such as azelnidipine and manidipine have been shown to have advantageous effects on glucose homeostasis.On the other hand,diuretics andβ-blockers have an overall disadvantageous effect on glucose metabolism.Of note,carvedilol as well as nebivolol seem to differentiate themselves from the rest of theβ-blockers class,being more attractive options regarding their effect on glucose homeostasis.The adverse effects of some blood pressure lowering drugs on glucose metabolism may,to an extent,compromise their cardiovascular protective role.As a result the effects on glucose homeostasis of the various blood pressure lowering drugs should be taken into account when selecting an antihypertensive treatment,especially in patients which are at high risk for developing diabetes.

Risk Factors Affecting Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Side Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs

Background: Stroke is a worldwide health problem, the world’s second-leading cause of death and third-leading cause of disability. Currently, the majority of stroke patients are ischemic stroke patients. It is necessary to evaluate risk factors to prevent ischemic stroke. Data and Methods: The risk factors for stroke in the previous fiscal year were analyzed. They were divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. The probit and ordered probit models were used in the study, with 59341 and 50542 observations used in the estimation of the models, respectively. Results: Among the nonmodifiable factors, age, gender and cerebrovascular disease history are important risk factors. The history of cerebrovascular diseases is considered to be an especially important factor. Among the modifiable factors, taking antihypertensive drugs and recent large weight change are negative risk factors;however, sleeping well significantly reduces the probability of ischemic stroke. Conclusion: It is very important to ensure that medical personnel know a patient’s history of cerebrovascular diseases for proper treatments. Ischemic stroke might be considered an important side effect of antihypertensive drugs. Limitations: The dataset was observatory. There are various types of antihypertension drugs, and their effects are not analyzed.

Synchronized separation of atorvastatin——an antihyperlipidemic drug with antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antithrombotic drugs by RP-LC for determination in combined formulations

A new rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin—an antihyperlipidemic drug along with most commonly prescribed drugs (antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antithrombotic) in bulk and marketed combined formulations. The chromatographic separation was carried out by gradient elution mode with acetonitrile as organic modifier and 0.1% triethylamine acetate (TEAA) buffer pH 5 at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and a diode array detector at wavelength 230 nm was employed for detection of the analytes. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 5-150 mg/mL for all the drugs with correlation coefficients of determination (r 2 values)Z0.999. Limits of detection (LODs) and Limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.1 to 0.27 mg/mL and 0.3 to 0.89 mg/mL respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision was studied at three concentration levels (20, 60 and 100 mg/mL). The intra-day and inter-day RSD for all compounds was less than 2.0%. The accuracy for all compounds was found to be between 98% and 102%. Thus, the performance of the method described allows its use in quantification of atorvastatin along with 9 most commonly prescribed drugs available in market as atorvastatin combined dosage forms.

An Analysis of the Effects of Blood Pressure and Antihypertensive Drugs on Heart Disease

Background: The American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA) and other organizations announced a new hypertension guideline (2017 ACA/AHA Guideline) in November 2017. However, other organizations such as the European Society of Cardiology and European Society of Hypertension maintained their diagnostic thresholds. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of blood pressure (BP) and antihypertensive drugs on the probability of having heart disease (HD). Data and Methods: The effects of BP, antihypertensive drugs and other factors on the probability of undergoing HD treatment were analyzed. We used a dataset containing 83,287 medical check-up and treatment records obtained from 35,504 individuals in 5 fiscal years. The probit models were used in the study. Considering the possibility of endogeneity problems, different types of models were used. Results: We could not find evidence that a higher systolic BP increased the probability of undergoing HD treatment. However, diastolic BP increased the probability in most of the models. Taking antihypertensive drugs also increased the probability of undergoing HD treatment. Diabetes was another important risk factor. Conclusion: The results of this study did not support the new 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline. It is necessary to choose proper drugs and methods to reduce the risks of side effects. Limitations: The dataset was observatory, the data were obtained from just one medical society, and sample selection bias might exist.

Follow-up Study of Retreatment TB Patients with Sputum Smear and/or Culture Positive Two Years after They were Declared Cured with First-line Anti-TB Drugs in Shandong Province

This study aimed to learn the recurrence rate in the retreatment TB patients with sputum smear and/or culture positive （ss＋ and/or c＋） two years after they were declared cured, and to explore causes of recurrence in order to improve long-time treatment outcome. 5 cities were selected as research locations. Recurrence of TB was judged by chest X-ray examination together with sputum smear and culture examination.

Synthesis of (2S,4S)-2-Substituted-3- (3-Sulfanylpropanoyl)-6- Oxohexahydropyrimidine-4-Carboxylic Acids as Potential Antihypertensive Drugs

Proceeding from natural amino acid L-asparagine and commercially available aldehydes a stereoselective synthesis was developed of (2S,4S)-2-alkyl(aryl)-3-(3-sulfanylpropanoyl)-6-oxohexahy- dropyrimidine-4-carboxylic acids, potential antihypertensive drugs, inhibitors of the angiotensin converting enzyme.

Research on the World’s Most Valuable Antihypertensive Drugs Based on Patent Analysis

Objective To find out several patented technologies of antihypertensive drugs with the most market value through analysis,and provide a reference for the research and development of enterprises.Methods The most valuable patented technologies of antihypertensive drugs from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed to explore the patent layout and technical characteristics of the main patent applicants,and then the key directions of their research and development were gotten.Results and Conclusion Based on the method of patent analysis,five patents with the most market value are extracted to provide important technical support and market value reference for the research and development of generic drugs or new drugs.

Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure changes in older patients with essential hypertension receiving monotherapy or dual combination antihypertensive drug therapy

Objective To evaluate the differences in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in older patients with hypertension treated with the five major classes of antihypertensive drugs,as monotherapy or dual combination therapy,to improve daytime and nighttime BP control. Methods We enrolled 1920 Chinese community-dwelling outpatients aged ≥ 60 years and compared ambulatory BP values and ambulatory BP control (24-hour BP < 130/80 mmHg;daytime mean BP < 135/85 mmHg;and nighttime mean BP < 120/70 mmHg),as well as nighttime BP dip patterns for monotherapy and dual combination therapy groups. Results Patients’ mean age was 71 years,and 59.5% of patients were women. Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) constituted the most common (60.3% of patients) monotherapy,and renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blockers combined with CCBs was the most common (56.5% of patients) dual combination therapy. Monotherapy with beta-blockers (BB) provided the best daytime BP control. The probabilities of having a nighttime dip pattern and nighttime BP control were higher in patients receiving diuretics compared with CCBs (OR = 0.52,P = 0.05 and OR = 0.41,P = 0.007,respectively). Patients receiving RAS/diuretic combination therapy had a higher probability of having controlled nighttime BP compared with those receiving RAS/CCB (OR = 0.45,P = 0.004). Compared with RAS/diuretic therapy,BB/CCB therapy had a higher probability of achieving daytime BP control (OR = 1.27,P = 0.45). Conclusions Antihypertensive monotherapy and dual combination drug therapy provided different ambulatory BP control and nighttime BP dip patterns. BB-based regimens provided lower daytime BP,whereas diuretic-based therapies provided lower nighttime BP,compared with other antihypertensive regimens.

Effect of Antihypertensive Drug Therapy on the Blood Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients Attending Campus’ Teaching Hospital of Lome, Togo, West Africa

High blood pressure (HBP) is a health problem world—wide. In Togo, that affection constitutes a more and more pre-occupying cause of morbidity and mortality. This study is a prospective one which intended to identify the antihypertensive regimens prescribed and evaluate their effect on patients’ blood pressure (BP) control. Out of the 204 patients enrolled (mean: 55.01 ± 12.55 years;sex ratio: 1.3), 112/176 placed on antihypertensive therapy have controlled their BP (38.39% outpatients vs 61.61% inpatients). Related to the sex factor, we didn’t observe any significant difference in the BP control. Whereas, the mean median value of BP reduction of outpatients (30.00/15.00 mmHg) (p = 0.001) was half lower than that of inpatients (60.00/30.00 mmHg (p = 0.004)). Thirty five outpatients (81.40%) vs 64 inpatients (92.75%) were placed on combination therapy. The bitherapy was prescribed to 23 outpatients (53.49%) against 27 inpatients (39.13%) while the quadritherapy and more than 4 drugs combination were prescribed exclusively to inpatients (20.29%, n = 14). That quadritherapy induced a significant mean reduction of inpatients’ SBP compared to monotherapy (p = 0.043) and to bitherapy (p = 0.004). The favorite combinations were D + CCA, D + ACEI, D + CCA + ACEI and D + CCA + ACEI + CAAD of which the quadruple therapy showed a significant inpatients’ DBP control (p = 0.015) compared to D + CCA combination. The combinations including at least one diuretic induced a significant difference between outpatients (median value: 30.000/10.000 mmHg) (p < 0.001) and inpatients (median value: 60.000 mmHg/30 mmHg) (p < 0.001). The first-line molecules and fixe combinations prescribed in decreasing frequency were among others: hydrochlorothiazide + captopril, nicardipine, α methyldopa for outpatients;furosemide, nicardipine, captopril, α methyldopa, hydrochlorothiazide + captopril for inpatients. Diuretics, CCAs and ACEIs were the 3 favorite pharmacological groups for essential hypertension management in our African resource limited context. Combined to CAAD, they represented the best quadruple combination among inpatients having showed a significant difference in DBP control compared to D + CCA combination.

Association between serum homocysteine and arterial stiffness：role of anti-hypertensive drugs

To the Editor I read the article of Zhang, et al. with great interest. They investigated the association of homocysteine with arterial stiffness in Chinese community-based elderly persons. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity （PWV） was significantly higher in the high homocyteine group than in the normal one, however, there was no differences in carotid-radial PWV between the high homocyteine group and the normal one. Homocysteine levels were strongly associated with the carotidfemoral PWV even after adjustment for classical risk factors of cardiovascular disease. I congratulate the authors for this important study. However, I want to make minor criticism for this study from the methodological aspect.

Deprescribing antihypertensive treatment in nursing home patients and the effect on blood pressure

Background It is debatable whether treating multimorbid nursing home patients with antihypertensive drugs produces beneficial effects. Most cardiovascular guidelines promote treatment; few have advice on how to deprescribe when treatment may no longer be necessary. We investigated the effect of medication review on antihypertensive drug use and the association between cognition, blood pressure, and prescribing. Methods From August 2014 to December 2015, 765 patients from 72 units （clusters） in 32 Norwegian nursing homes were included in a 4-month, multicentre, cluster-randomized, controlled trial, with 9-month follow-up. Patients ≥ 65 years old with antihypertensive treatment （n = 295, 39%） were randomized to systematic medication review where the physician received support from peers （collegial mentoring） or were given care as usual （control condition）. Outcome measures were the number of antihypertensive drugs, systolic blood pressure, and pulse. We used hospitalizations and deaths as criteria to assess harm. Results At baseline, each patient used 9.2 ± 3.5 regular drugs, and 1.6 ± 0.7 antihypertensives. Mean blood pressure was 128/71 mmHg and 9% had a systolic pressure ≥ 160 mmHg. Between baseline and month four, antihypertensives were deprescribed to a significantly higher extent in the intervention group （n = 43, 32%） compared to control （n = 11, 10%）; Incidence Rate Ratio = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.7？0.9. In the intervention group, there was an immediate increase in systolic blood pressure when antihypertensives were reduced, from baseline 128 ± 19.5 mmHg to 143 ± 25.5 mmHg at month four. However, at month nine, the blood pressure had reverted to baseline values （mean 134 mmHg）. Deprescription did not affect pulse and systolic pressure. The number of hospitalizations was higher in control patients at month four （P = 0.031） and nine （P = 0.041）. Conclusion A systematic medication review supported by collegial mentoring significantly decreased the use of antihypertensive drugs in nursing home patients without an effect on the systolic blood pressure over time.

Use of Cost Effective Semi-Automated (Mannual/Micro) MGIT System over BACTEC 960 to Perform First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs Sensitivity Testing

Introduction: Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) that is the tuberculosis that is resistant to at least 2 of the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs is fatal infectious disease. Cases of MDR-TB are now increasing with 30,000 cases of MDR-TB reported in 2013 by national TB programme. Rapid diagnosis of MDR-TB is extremely important for rapid treatment of patient and to prevent spread of MDR-TB to other. BACTEC 960 system helps in rapid diagnosis but purchase of expensive instrument for the same is the limitation. However, the same purpose can be solved by use of semi-automated MGIT system. Aims and Objectives: Aim of this study is to do drug sensitivity testing of the first line anti-tuberculosis drugs with the use of semi-automated MGIT systems. 350 newly registered and suspected cases of tuberculosis in tertiary care hospital were included. Samples were processed for digestion and decontamination and inoculated in MGIT tubes and also on LJ medium. Reading was taken using semi-automated MGIT system. Positive tubes were confirmed by rapid test for M. tuberculosis and then drug sensitivity was performed. Result: Out of 350 samples, 62% were sputum;33% were pleural fluid and rest 5% were lymph node, Ascetic fluid, CSF, pus. Average day of positivity by MGIT was 13 - 20 days as compared to 25 - 37 days by solid medium, which was statistically significant with p value Conclusion: Manual MGIT System is a simple, efficient, safe to use diagnostic system. It does not require any expensive/special instrumentation other than the UV lamp for detection of fluorescence. The rapidity by which mycobacteria are detected is the most important advantage of the Manual MGIT. In areas with limited resources where purchase of expensive instruments such as the MGIT960 is out of scope, the use of manual MGIT for rapid susceptibility testing for MDR-TB could be a possibility.

降压药物肾脏相关不良事件风险分析

目的为临床合理、安全使用降压药物提供参考。方法利用OpenVigil 2.1平台提取美国食品和药物管理局不良事件报告系统(FAERS)2016年1月至2023年12月降压药物肾脏相关不良事件(ADE)报告。采用监管活动医学词典(MedDRA 27.0)的首选语描述ADE,采用报告比值比法和比例报告比值比法挖掘相关信号。结果共纳入10494例报告。其中,低钾血症、肾功能异常、痛风性关节炎、痛风性结晶沉积和尿酸性肾损害分别有8159,1727,446,109,53例,阳性信号数量分别有66,43,27,8,6个;男性患者在除尿酸性肾脏损害外的ADE类别中均多于女性;主要年龄以≥41岁居多;美国是报告各类ADE最多的国家。共42种降压药物显示出肾功能异常阳性信号,涉及利尿剂、α受体拮抗剂、β受体拮抗剂、钙通道阻滞剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂、肾素抑制剂和复方制剂。共8种降压药物显示出痛风性关节炎、痛风性结晶沉积阳性信号,涉及利尿剂、α受体拮抗剂、β受体拮抗剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、血管扩张剂。共18种药物具有≥3个ADR信号,其不良转归结局基本相似。结论多种降压药物均可导致肾脏相关ADE;降压治疗过程中,需严密监测肾功能异常、低钾血症、痛风性关节炎、痛风性结晶沉积和尿酸性肾损害发生风险,尤其关注产生多种ADE的降压药物。

集采政策对医疗机构心血管药品采购的影响研究

目的:分析药品集采政策对不同等级医疗机构心血管药品采购的影响,为药品集采政策的调整与优化提供参考。方法:分析心血管药品在各级医疗机构的采购量变化情况,采用Mann-Kendall(M-K)趋势性检验判断心血管药品采购量的长期变化趋势。结果:药品集采政策实施后,心血管药品中选产品采购量大幅增长;各级医疗机构集采品种采购量增幅随采购周期的延长而降低;试点地区基层医疗机构中选产品采购量显著增长,联盟地区仅基层医疗机构非中选产品采购量显著下降,基层医疗机构可替代品种采购量呈下降趋势。结论:药品集采政策效应可能存在滞后性,且随采购周期的延长而逐渐弱化,可替代品种的采购量增长值得进一步关注。

中国肾脏移植受者高血压临床诊疗指南

为了进一步规范中国肾脏移植术后高血压的诊断和治疗,中华医学会器官移植学分会组织肾脏移植专家和心血管病专家,在《中国实体器官移植术后高血压诊疗规范(2019版)》的基础上,结合我国器官移植后高血压的临床现状,并参考近年国内外高血压最新诊治指南,从流行病学、诊断和治疗等方面,制定《中国肾脏移植受者高血压临床诊疗指南》,为中国肾脏移植领域医务工作者在术后高血压诊治方面提供理论借鉴和参考,以期更好地控制肾脏移植术后成人高血压,改善不良结局,提高生命质量。

2023美国心脏协会癌症治疗相关高血压科学声明解读

2023年1月,美国心脏协会(AHA)发布癌症治疗相关高血压科学声明,对其发病机制和临床管理进行综述。现代抗癌治疗多以心血管毒性为代价,其中高血压是最常见的副作用之一,尤其是血管内皮生长因子抑制剂、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和蛋白酶体抑制剂。癌症治疗相关高血压通常是剂量限制性,并且在中断或停止治疗后通常是可逆的。高血压的确切分子机制尚不清楚,近期研究表明,一氧化氮减少、内皮素-1增加、氧化应激、内皮功能障碍、交感神经外流增加和微血管稀疏具有重要作用。结合国际心脏肿瘤学会(IC-OS)的建议,该文对癌症治疗相关高血压的诊断及管理进行解读,目前尚无针对癌症治疗相关高血压患者的降压药物循证证据,故遵循普通人群高血压指南,并且需要多学科合作优化管理,以确保癌症治疗的最佳治疗效果,同时最大限度地减少心血管毒性。

不同降压药物治疗原发性高血压患者血压变异的研究进展

血压变异性是心、脑血管疾病及肾脏损伤的独立危险因素,并在其发生、发展及严重程度方面较平均动脉压具有更高的预测价值,同时也是评价降压药物疗效的重要指标之一。所以早期判断高血压患者的血压变异情况并对其进行积极干预,防止心脑血管事件的进一步发展已成为高血压管理过程中的重要环节。本文将从血压变异性的定义及分类、控制血压变异性的意义以及常见降压药物的疗效观察这几个方面展开综述。

围手术期高血压的管理与控制

围手术期未得到控制的高血压可能影响患者手术中血流动力学稳定性,进而影响患者预后,增加其他并发症出现和死亡的风险。对于接受手术的高血压患者,都需要权衡利弊选择合适的降压药物来降低围手术期不良事件的发生率。目前我国对围手术期血压的管理尚无统一定论,该文从非心脏手术、心脏手术、妊娠、嗜铬细胞瘤4个手术类型系统梳理围手术期血压的控制目标与药物使用方案,为高血压患者的围手术期管理提供参考。

国家组织药品集中带量采购政策对某院门诊药房降压药物使用的影响分析

目的探讨国家组织药品集中带量采购(简称国家集采)政策对某院门诊患者降压药物使用情况的影响。方法以医院门诊药房国家集采政策实施前(2018年1月至12月)及实施后(2020年1月至12月)23种降压药物为目标药品,共涉及10种中选品种;利用医院信息系统收集目标药品的价格、销售数量和金额,比较用药频度(DDDs)、限定日费用(DDC)。结果国家集采政策实施后,其中11种降压药物的价格降幅为5.86%~89.70%,23种降压药物的销售金额累计减少2705.60万元。DDDs排名前3的目标药品未发生变化,为苯磺酸氨氯地平片(商品名洛活喜)、富马酸比索洛尔片(商品名康忻)、坎地沙坦酯片(商品名维尔亚);10种中选品种的DDDs排名均居前列。DDC排名前4的目标药品未发生变化,为厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片(商品名安博诺)、厄贝沙坦片(商品名安博维)、缬沙坦胶囊(商品名代文)、氯沙坦钾片;10种中选品种的DDC相对较低,且非中选品种的DDC均降低。结论国家集采政策的实施促使药品价格趋于合理,减轻了患者用药的经济负担,优化了医保资金的使用,提高了医疗保障水平。