Euler’s First-Order Explicit Method–Peridynamic Differential Operator for Solving Population Balance Equations of the Crystallization Process

Using Euler’s first-order explicit(EE)method and the peridynamic differential operator(PDDO)to discretize the time and internal crystal-size derivatives,respectively,the Euler’s first-order explicit method–peridynamic differential operator(EE–PDDO)was obtained for solving the one-dimensional population balance equation in crystallization.Four different conditions during crystallization were studied:size-independent growth,sizedependent growth in a batch process,nucleation and size-independent growth,and nucleation and size-dependent growth in a continuous process.The high accuracy of the EE–PDDO method was confirmed by comparing it with the numerical results obtained using the second-order upwind and HR-van methods.The method is characterized by non-oscillation and high accuracy,especially in the discontinuous and sharp crystal size distribution.The stability of the EE–PDDO method,choice of weight function in the PDDO method,and optimal time step are also discussed.

Energy Stable Nodal DG Methods for Maxwell’s Equations of Mixed-Order Form in Nonlinear Optical Media

In this work,we develop energy stable numerical methods to simulate electromagnetic waves propagating in optical media where the media responses include the linear Lorentz dispersion,the instantaneous nonlinear cubic Kerr response,and the nonlinear delayed Raman molecular vibrational response.Unlike the first-order PDE-ODE governing equations considered previously in Bokil et al.(J Comput Phys 350:420–452,2017)and Lyu et al.(J Sci Comput 89:1–42,2021),a model of mixed-order form is adopted here that consists of the first-order PDE part for Maxwell’s equations coupled with the second-order ODE part(i.e.,the auxiliary differential equations)modeling the linear and nonlinear dispersion in the material.The main contribution is a new numerical strategy to treat the Kerr and Raman nonlinearities to achieve provable energy stability property within a second-order temporal discretization.A nodal discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method is further applied in space for efficiently handling nonlinear terms at the algebraic level,while preserving the energy stability and achieving high-order accuracy.Indeed with d_(E)as the number of the components of the electric field,only a d_(E)×d_(E)nonlinear algebraic system needs to be solved at each interpolation node,and more importantly,all these small nonlinear systems are completely decoupled over one time step,rendering very high parallel efficiency.We evaluate the proposed schemes by comparing them with the methods in Bokil et al.(2017)and Lyu et al.(2021)(implemented in nodal form)regarding the accuracy,computational efficiency,and energy stability,by a parallel scalability study,and also through the simulations of the soliton-like wave propagation in one dimension,as well as the spatial-soliton propagation and two-beam interactions modeled by the two-dimensional transverse electric(TE)mode of the equations.

The forecasting efficiency under different selected regions by Pattern Informatics Method and seismic potential estimation in the North-South Seismic Zone

In 2022,four earthquakes with M_(S)≥6.0 including the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes occurred in the North-South Seismic Zone(NSSZ),which demonstrated high and strong seismicity.Pattern Informatics(PI)method,as an effective long and medium term earthquake forecasting method,has been applied to the strong earthquake forecasting in Chinese mainland and results have shown the positive performance.The earthquake catalog with magnitude above M_(S)3.0 since 1970 provided by China Earthquake Networks Center was employed in this study and the Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)method was applied to test the forecasting efficiency of the PI method in each selected region related to the North-South Seismic Zone systematically.Based on this,we selected the area with the best ROC testing result and analyzed the evolution process of the PI hotspot map reflecting the small seismic activity pattern prior to the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes.A“forward”forecast for the area was carried out to assess seismic risk.The study shows the following.1)PI forecasting has higher forecasting efficiency in the selected study region where the difference of seismicity in any place of the region is smaller.2)In areas with smaller differences of seismicity,the activity pattern of small earthquakes prior to the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 and Luding M_(S)6.8 earthquakes can be obtained by analyzing the spatio-temporal evolution process of the PI hotspot map.3)The hotspot evolution in and around the southern Tazang fault in the study area is similar to that prior to the strong earthquakes,which suggests the possible seismic hazard in the future.This study could provide some ideas to the seismic hazard assessment in other regions with high seismicity,such as Japan,Californi,Turkey,and Indonesia.

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis using Co and Co-Ru bifunctional nanocatalyst supported on carbon nanotube prepared via chemical reduction method

We used a chemical reduction method to synthesize the catalysts of cobalt(Co) and cobalt-ruthenium(Co-Ru) bifunctional supported on carbon nanotubes(CNTs) for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis(FTS) in a fixedbed reactor. These Co-Ru/CNTs catalysts were synthesized with various weight proportions of Ru/Co(0.1 to 0.4 wt%) with keeping a fixed amount of cobalt(10 wt%). Moreover, for comparison purpose, CNTs supported Co-and Co(Ru)-based catalysts at same loading as the above catalysts were prepared through impregnation method. We characterize the present catalysts through the various techniques such as Energy–dispersive X-ray(EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET),Hydrogen-Temperature-Programmed Reduction(H_2-TPR), Hydrogen-Temperature-Programmed Desorption(H_2-TPD) and O_2 titration. Thus using the chemical reduction method, a narrow particle size distribution was obtained so that the small cobalt particles were confined inside the CNTs. The Co-based catalyst prepared by impregnation was compared with the Co-Ru catalysts at the same loading. The results demonstrated that the use of chemical reduction method led to decrease the average Co oxide cluster size to8.7 nm so that the reduction enhanced about 24% and stabilized an earlier time at the stream. Among the prepared catalysts, the results indicated that the Co-Ru/CNTs catalysts demonstrated high catalytic activity with the highest long-chain hydrocarbons(C_(5+)), selectivity up to 74.76%, which was higher than those we obtained by the Co-Ru/γ-Al_2O_3(61._20%), Co/CNTs(43.68%) and Co/γ-Al_2O_3(37.69%). At the same time, comparing with those catalyst synthesized by impregnation, the use of chemical reduction led to enhancement of the C_(5+) selectivity from 59.30% to 68.83% and increment in FTS rate about 11% for the Co-Ru/CNTs catalyst.

Research on the Application of Montessori Education Method in Cognitive Training of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

Objective:To study the application of the Montessori education method in cognitive training in patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:40 cases of senile dementia patients who were admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group according to the single and double number table method,with 20 cases in each group.The intervention group used the Montessori education method,the principle of which was to implement individualized health interventions based on the individual conditions of the patients,for a period of 6 months;the control group was given conventional treatment and nursing of the disease.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)was used to compare the effects of the two groups of patients before and after health intervention and conduct statistical analysis.Results:The score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group,and there was a statistical difference between the two(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing the Montessori education method for diagnosed Alzheimer’s patients can effectively improve their cognitive function and delay the progress of further dementia.

Effect of preparation method on halloysite supported cobalt catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Novel cobalt Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） catalysts were prepared from natural halloysite nanotubes （HNT） by double-solvent and wet- impregnation methods, and characterized by TEM, XRD, TPR and N2 adsorption-desorption. Comparing with the catalyst prepared by wet- impregnation method, the catalyst prepared by double-solvent method reduces Co3O4 particle migration and agglomeration due to size-induced effect, thus showing higher catalytic activity for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Fischer法合成2,5-二甲基吲哚的工艺研究

采用Fischer法,以4-甲基苯肼盐酸盐为原料,经碱中和后与丙酮反应生成4-甲基丙酮苯腙,再在ZnCl2催化下进行成环反应,合成了2,5-二甲基吲哚,收率为64.4%,经乙醇与水重结晶后纯度达99.5%。产物结构经1 HNMR、13 CNMR、MS、IR表征确认。该工艺反应步骤少、原料价廉易得,适合规模化制备。

基于重排S-method的多分量辐射源信号分析方法

为实现多分量辐射源信号的有效检测和识别,提出了基于重排S-method(RSM)的多分量辐射源信号分析方法.针对Wigner-Ville分布交叉项严重和计算复杂度高的问题,采用RSM分析密集、交叠的辐射源信号,给出了其算法的硬件实现和计算复杂度分析.该方法能处理线性和非线性调频信号,算法简单,易于实现.复杂体制多分量辐射源信号分析的实验结果表明,该方法能有效分析多分量辐射源信号,时频分辨率高,不受交叉项干扰,具有比Wigner-Ville分布和S-method更强的噪声抑制能力.

基于S-method的多分量雷达辐射源信号检测

针对传统时频方法在处理多分量雷达辐射源信号时存在交叉项,不能检测各分量信号时域参数,难以适应低信噪比环境的问题,提出一种基于S-method(SM)的多分量雷达辐射源信号检测新方法。该方法首先计算信号的SM时频分布,然后在时频面的基础上检测各信号分量的瞬时频率和脉冲起止时间。实验结果表明,该方法能处理线性及非线性调频信号、时频分辨率高且不受交叉项干扰,时域检测精度大于98.60%,频域检测精度大于99.48%,信噪比降低时仍然保持强检测能力。

Fischer投影式手性碳R/S构型判断新方法

总结出一种新的 Fischer投影式手性碳 R/S构型简便判断法 ,并用数学上排列法将手性碳原子所有 Fischer投影式全部列出 。

复杂旋光异构体的简便Fischer投影方法

对含有2个或2个以上手性碳原子的旋光异构体的立体透视式、锯架式及纽曼式，改写成Fischer投影式时，提供了一种简便而又准确的投影方法。

Comparative Analysis of Improving Effects of 12 Maize Populations with Improved S_1 Selection Method

ln this study, 12 maize populations were improved with the improved S1 selection method, aiming to increase the improvement efficiency of maize popula-tions. The results showed that number of rows per spike, number of grains per row and 100-grain weight were the three important component traits of maize yield. The highest genetic increment was found in Mengqun 2, fol owed by Mengqun 4, Mengqun 1 and other 7 maize populations. Negative genetic increment was shown in Mengqun 3 and 3 introduced foreign maize populations. Some changes were shown in spikes, plant traits and genetic diversity of maize populations. Based on our results, we concluded that Mengqun 2, Mengqun 4, Zhongzong 7, Mengqun C and Mengqun A could be directly used for the line breeding by selfing for their higher genetic increment of yield and better improvement effects of other agricultural traits. Compared with these 5 populations, the improvement potential of other maize populations was limited for their lower genetic increment.

改良Fischer’s评分法对乳腺疾病的诊断价值

目的:探讨乳腺MRI改良Fischer’s评分法在鉴别乳腺良恶性病变中的应用价值。方法:104例患者(共109个病灶)均行常规MRI平扫、动态增强扫描及DWI检查,均经手术或穿刺活检证实。Fischer’s评分法及改良Fischer’s评分法按MRI乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS-MIR)分级判定良恶性。计算并比较Fischer’s评分法及改良Fischer’s评分法对乳腺疾病的诊断效能。结果:Fischer’s评分法对乳腺疾病的诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为100%、67.9%、84.4%;改良Fischer’s评分法的诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为100%、79.2%、89.9%。结论:改良Fischer’s评分法能明显提高MRI对乳腺疾病的诊断特异性和准确率,且保持了很高的诊断敏感性。

Fischer法合成2,3-环戊基吲哚的工艺研究

以苯肼及环戊酮为原料,通过Fischer反应闭环得到2,3-环戊基吲哚。对几种催化剂浓盐酸、冰乙酸、无水氯化锌和某酸性物质的催化性能进行比较,发现某酸性物质作为催化剂的效果最好。在该酸性物质催化下反应5 h,目标产物的收率达90.0%、含量达94.1%;通过精制,产品纯度高达98%、总收率达72%。

Fischer投影式R/S构型判断新方法的应用

用归纳法论述了 Fischer投影式手性碳 R/S构型判断新方法 ,不仅适用于 Fischer投影式手性碳 R/S构型判断 [1 ] ,而且也适用于 Fischer投影式含手性轴化合物

ADASYN与类别逆比例加权法在阿尔茨海默病不平衡数据中的应用

目的利用自适应合成抽样(adaptive synthetic sampling,ADASYN)与类别逆比例加权法处理类别不平衡数据,结合分类器构建模型对阿尔茨海默病(alzheimer′s disease,AD)患者疾病进程进行分类预测。方法数据源自阿尔茨海默病神经影像学计划(Alzheimer′s disease neuroimaging initiative,ADNI),经随机森林填补缺失值,弹性网络筛选特征子集后,利用ADASYN与类别逆比例加权法处理类别不平衡数据。分别结合随机森林(random forest,RF)、支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)构建四种模型:ADASYN-RF、ADASYN-SVM、加权随机森林(weighted random forest,WRF)、加权支持向量机(weighted support vector machine,WSVM),与RF、SVM比较分类性能。模型评价指标为宏观平均精确率(macro-average of precision,macro-P)、宏观平均召回率(macro-average of recall,macro-R)、宏观平均F1值(macro-average of F1-score,macro-F1)、准确率(accuracy,ACC)、Kappa值和AUC(area under the ROC curve)。结果ADASYN-RF的分类性能最优(Kappa值为0.938,AUC为0.980),ADASYN-SVM次之。利用ADASYN-RF预测得到的重要分类特征分别为CDRSB、LDELTOTAL、MMSE,在临床上均可得到证实。结论ADASYN与类别逆比例加权法都能辅助提升分类器性能,但ADASYN算法更优。

基于S-R和分解定理的二维几何非线性问题的虚单元法求解

应变-旋转(Strain-Rotation,S-R)和分解定理为分析几何非线性问题提供了合理可靠的理论基础,但用有限元求解时会遇到大变形发生后的网格畸变问题。近年提出的虚单元法(Virtual element method,VEM)适用于一般的多边形网格,因此,该文尝试使用一阶虚单元求解基于S-R和分解定理的二维几何非线性问题,以克服网格畸变的影响。基于重新定义的多项式位移空间基函数,推演获得一阶虚单元分析线弹性力学问题时允许位移空间向多项式位移空间的投影表达式;按照虚单元法双线性格式的计算规则,分析处理基于更新拖带坐标法和势能率原理的增量变分方程;进而建立离散系统方程及其矩阵表达形式,并编制MATLAB求解程序;采用常规多边形网格和畸变网格,应用该文算法分析均布荷载下的悬臂梁和均匀内压下的厚壁圆筒变形。结果与已有文献和ANSYS软件的对比表明:该文算法在两种网格中均可有效执行且具备足够数值精度。总体该文算法为基于S-R和分解定理的二维几何非线性问题求解提供了一种鲁棒方法。

Fischer-Tropsch合成铁基催化剂研究进展

对活性碳、氧化硅、分子筛等各种类型的载体负载的铁基催化剂的研究现状以及存在的问题进行了总结和分析.介绍了包括Cu,Mn,K以及各种过渡金属助剂在铁基催化剂中起到的作用以及对于F-T合成的影响.铁基催化剂的制备方法的改进对催化剂的FT合成性能和抗磨性有重要的影响.此外,初步探讨了铁基催化剂上铁相在FT合成过程中的变化及其影响因素,简要讨论了铁相变化与催化性能和催化剂失活的原因之间的关系,并对未来铁基催化剂的发展方向进行了展望.

基于S-Method分布的微多普勒特征分析

微多普勒特征是雷达目标所具有的独特特征之一,对目标的分类、识别具有特殊的意义。研究高精度时频分析方法在分析目标微动特性中的作用,可以为后续目标识别提供很好的支撑。S-Method分布作为一种新型的时频分析方法,它基于短时傅里叶变换来实现,减少了分析过程中的运算量,同时能较好地解决交叉项问题。首先对弹道导弹弹头的微动模型进行建模,推导得到微动模型的理论微多普勒频率,然后采用S-Method分布对回波信号进行时频分析仿真实验,获得弹头目标章动的高精度的时间-微多普勒频率图。通过比较其在分析过程中的时频分辨率、交叉项,具体阐述S-Method分布在时频分析中的优势。因此可以将S-Method分布应用于雷达目标微多普勒分析中,分析实时变化的微多普勒频率特征。

Q-factor estimation in CMP gather and the continuous spectral ratio slope method

The attenuation factor or quality factor(Q-factor or Q) has been used to measure the energy attenuation of seismic waves propagating in underground media. Many methods are used to estimate the Q-factor. We propose a method to calculate the Q-factor based on the prestack Q-factor inversion and the generalized S-transform. The proposed method specifies a standard primary wavelet and calculates the cumulative Q-factors; then, it finds the interlaminar Q-factors using the relation between Q and offset(QVO) and the Dix formula. The proposed method is alternative to methods that calculate interlaminar Q-factors after horizon picking. Because the frequency spectrum of each horizon can be extracted continuously on a 2D time–frequency spectrum, the method is called the continuous spectral ratio slope(CSRS) method. Compared with the other Q-inversion methods, the method offers nearly effortless computations and stability, and has mathematical and physical significance. We use numerical modeling to verify the feasibility of the method and apply it to real data from an oilfield in Ahdeb, Iraq. The results suggest that the resolution and spatial stability of the Q-profile are optimal and contain abundant interlaminar information that is extremely helpful in making lithology and fluid predictions.