Acellular fish skin grafts in diabetic foot ulcer care:Advances and clinical insights

Diabetic foot ulcers(DFUs)represents a significant public health issue,with a rising global prevalence and severe potential complications including amputation.Traditional treatments often fall short due to various limitations such as high recurrence rates and extensive resource utilization.This editorial explores the innovative use of acellular fish skin grafts as a transformative approach in DFU management.Recent studies and a detailed case report highlight the efficacy of acellular fish skin grafts in accelerating wound closure,reducing dressing changes,and enhancing patient outcomes with a lower socio-economic burden.Despite their promise,challenges such as limited availability,patient acceptance,and the need for further research persist.Addressing these through more extensive randomized controlled trials and fostering a multidisciplinary treatment approach may optimize DFU care and reduce the global health burden associated with these complex wounds.

IHC与FISH在乳腺癌HER2蛋白表达和基因扩增检测中的应用

目的比较免疫组织化学法(immunohistochemisity,IHC)和荧光原位杂交法(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)在乳腺癌患者中检测人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)的应用。方法2019年2月至2022年1月本院收治158例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,均采用IHC和FISH检测HER2的蛋白表达和基因扩增情况,比较两种方法的检测结果和一致性。结果IHC结果显示158例患者中HER2(1+)、HER2(2+)、HER2(3+)分别为5例(3.16%)、97例(61.39%)、56例(35.44%),FISH结果显示HER2扩增73例(46.20%),未扩增85例(53.80%),其中,HER2(1+)患者FISH均显示未扩增,阴性符合率为100%;HER2(3+)患者FISH均显示扩增,阳性符合率为100%;97例HER2(2+)患者FISH显示扩增17例,阳性符合率为17.52%。两种方法检测HER2一致性较好且具有统计学意义(Kappa值=0.775,P<0.05)。结论HIC与FISH在乳腺癌患者HER2表达检测中一致性较好,可在临床推广使用,必要时需结合两种方法检测。

基于FISH和GISH技术的芝麻栽培种和野生种染色体组特征比较分析

为揭示胡麻属物种进化特征,探究胡麻属基因组结构演变及物种进化,促进野生资源的开发利用,以芝麻栽培种豫芝11号和2n=26类型野生种S.alatum 3651为试验材料,采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)和基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)技术对芝麻栽培种和野生种染色体组特征进行分析。结果表明,芝麻栽培种和野生种均为2n=2x=26类型;rDNA-FISH杂交结果显示,栽培种的13对染色体中,3对染色体(第7、8、9对染色体)的短臂端部携带45S rDNA特异信号,显示为随体特异染色体;2对染色体(第5、11对染色体)的短臂携带5S rDNA特异信号,5S rDNA与45S rDNA信号位于不同染色体上。野生种的13对染色体中,有2对染色体(第4、7对染色体)携带45S rDNA杂交信号,1对染色体(第4对染色体)携带5S rDNA特异信号,5S rDNA与45S rDNA信号位于同一染色体不同位置,表明栽培种与野生种的染色体组特征差异较大。GISH杂交结果显示,分别以栽培种和野生种的基因组DNA作探针与自身染色体杂交,每条染色体上携带不同强弱的杂交信号,而与对方染色体杂交,均表现出极少的杂交信号。芝麻栽培种和野生种具有相同的染色体数目,但染色体rDNA数量、分布及其GISH信号均存在明显差异,说明栽培种和野生种亲缘关系较远。

尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常分析

目的探讨尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常病例的FISH检测结果特点与最终活检病理结果的相关性,进一步完善FISH阳性诊断标准。方法收集847例行尿脱落细胞FISH检测,选择其中不符合阳性标准、但存在大量单染色体拷贝的5例作为研究对象,分析它们的临床特征、FISH检测结果特点、脱落细胞学特征和活检组织病理学检测结果。结果观察相应区域100个核异质上皮细胞,例1显示3号染色体3倍体扩增,异常细胞数32个;例2显示17号染色体3倍体扩增,异常细胞数48个;例3显示17号染色体5倍体扩增,异常细胞数56个;例4显示17号染色体单倍体,异常细胞数67个;例5显示p16基因杂合子缺失,异常细胞数61个,其它染色体均无异常。5例活检病理结果均为低级别或高级别乳头状尿路上皮癌。结论在临床实践中,尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常的病例应引起重视,将其归入可疑阳性比较合适,从而能提高尿FISH检测的敏感性,使患者获益。

多基因组合FISH检测技术在黑色素瘤诊断中的应用价值及质控要点分析

目的探讨FISH技术在黑色素瘤诊断中的应用价值及质控要点。方法应用黑色素瘤多基因组合FISH检测试剂盒,对109例色素样本中的6个基因位点(MYB、RREB1、PTEN、MYC、CDKN2A和CCND1)进行检测,分析FISH检测阳性病例的临床病理特征。结果黑色素瘤中的6个基因位点FISH阳性率均显著高于良性黑色素细胞痣(P<0.05)。88例黑色素瘤多基因组合FISH检测结果与各项临床病理特征相关性分析结果显示,不同黑色素瘤组织类型病例中同时3个及以上探针(≥3个探针)FISH阳性比例差异有统计学意义,其中结节型最高(100%),肢端雀斑样次之(96.43%),表浅播散型较低(82.35%)。Breslow厚度>2.0 mm病例中≥3个探针FISH阳性比率显著高于Breslow厚度≤2.0 mm病例。黑色素瘤样本的FISH质控关键点是组织固定:黑色素瘤组织FISH备片2.5~3μm厚为宜;若色素影响严重,可做单种绿色信号判读加其他检测方式辅助诊断。结论FISH检测6个基因位点对黑色素瘤辅助诊断具有重要价值;应严格进行黑色素瘤样本FISH技术的质量控制。

FISH技术检测乳腺癌HER2基因的质控要点

目的探讨FISH技术检测乳腺癌HER2基因的质控要点。方法收集2022年6月至2023年6月安阳市肿瘤医院病理科乳腺癌HER2 FISH检测样本208例。4例样本检测不合格需重新制片进行HER2 FISH检测,对比前后检测效果。结果4例样本重新制片后在荧光显微镜下显示细胞核内杂交信号清晰,双色信号,背景干净。结论制定和完善FISH技术检测乳腺癌HER2基因的质控要点是保证FISH检测结果的准确性、可靠性和及时性的前提。

A Study on the Meat and Bone Meal and Poultry By-product Meal as Protein Substitutes of Fish Meal in Practical Diets for Litopenaeus vannamei Juveniles

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) as the replacement of fish meal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of Litopenaeus vannamei. The basal diets were formulated with 22% fish meal and other ingredients which provided about 40% protein and 9% lipid in the diet. The experimental diets included MBM or PBM to replace 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of total fish meal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric in gross terms. The results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-60% fish meal had been replaced with MBM, while the percent weight gain (WG, %), body length gain (BLG, %) and ADC significantly decreased when the MBM was up to 80% of the fish meal. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance and ADC among all the treatments fed with the diets in which 0-80% fish meal had been replaced with PBM.

Effects of Replacing Fishmeal with Animal By-products Meal Supplementation in Diets on the Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Mangrove Red Snapper

A feeding trial was conducted for 75 d to evaluate the nutritive value of a mixture of animal by-products （MAB） as a possible protein source in diets for juvenile mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus （mean initial body weight, 30 g）. Fish were fed one of five isonitrogenous diets （40% crude protein） replacing 0, 25% （MAB25）, 50% （MAB50）, 75% （MAB75） and 100% （MAB100） of fish meal protein with similar percentages of MAB. The MAB consisted of 25% cow liver meal, 20% leather meal, 20% meat and bone meal, 15% blood meal, 10% APC （poultry feather meal）, 8% poultry manure dried, 1.5% choline and 0.5% chromic oxide. After 75 d of feeding, fish fed with diets MAB50, MAB75 and MABI00 exhibited significantly lower growth performance than that of fish fed with control and MAB25 diets. The optimum level of MAB was estimated to be 23%. Replacement of fish meal by MAB23% showed the following performance： maximum weight gain, 510%; SGR, 2.39% and FCE, 2.83%. The MAB substitution up to 75% of fish meal protein in diets did not show differences in apparent protein digestibility （83.6% for MAB25, 79.2% for MAB50, 78.7% for MAB75） compared with control （83.4%）, whereas in MABI00 group digestibility （65.3%） was significantly lower than in other groups. The apparent phosphorus absorption of test diet groups was significantly higher （37.1% for MAB25, 28.5% for MABS0, 55.6% for MAB75 and 54.5% for MABI00） than that of control （1 1.2%）. The levels of protein and ash in the whole body, carcass and viscera increased as MAB substitution in diets increased, whereas lipids and moisture remained consistent among all treatment groups. These results showed that approximately 23% of fish meal protein could be replaced by a mixture of animal by-products for juvenile snapper growing from 30 g to 167 g in 75 d without compromising growth performance and feed efficiency.

A Study on the Meat and Bone Meal or Poultry By-product Meal as Protein Substitutes of Fishmeal in Concentrated Diets for Paralichthys olivaceus

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of meat and bone meal （MBM） and poultry by-product meal （PBM） as the replacement of fishmeal in the diets on the growth performance, survival and apparent digestibility coefficient （ADC） of Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）. The experimental diets included 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% MBM or PBM replacement of total fishmeal respectively. All diets were iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric. The results showed that there are no significant differences （P 〉0.05） in growth performance among the treatments fed with 0% -60% MBM replacement of fishmeal, while the percent weight gain （WG, % ）, body length gain （BLG, % ） and ADC significantly decrease when fishmeal is replaced by 80% MBM. The result showed also that there are no significant differences （P 〉0.05） in growth performance and ADC among all treatments fed with the diets with 0% -80% replacements of fishmeal with PBM.

Translocation of a fish spike from the pharynx to the thyroid gland:A case report

BACKGROUND A fish spike stuck in the throat is a common ear,nose,and throat(ENT)emergency.However,it is very rare for a fish spike to reach the thyroid tissue through the throat,which is very dangerous and can lead to pharyngeal fistula,cervical abscess,mediastinal abscess,and thyroid abscess.Proper and timely management can help reduce complications,especially in elderly patients.CASE SUMMARY In the case presented here,the causative factor was dentures,but improper management aggravated the condition.In the case presented here,an elderly woman with a history of accidentally swallowing fish bones for 20 d had a sensation of foreign bodies in her throat.Eventually,computed tomography(CT)of the neck showed that the left side of the thyroid gland had a dense shadow in the form of a stripe.CONCLUSION If a fishbone foreign body is not visible during endoscopic examination but the patient has significant symptoms,the surgeon should be aware that the fishbone may be lodged in the thyroid.To avoid a misdiagnosis,ultrasound,CT,and other tests can be used to clarify the diagnosis.T The first step in treating a fish bone in the thyroid gland is to determine the position of the foreign body and the extent of the infection,and to develop a personalized surgical plan for its removal.At the same time,scientific information should be made available to the general public so that people know that if a fish bone is accidentally lodged,they should not force it to be swallowed or be spit out by inducing vomiting,which are incorrect methods and may aggravate the condition or even cause it to migrate outside the cavity,leading to serious complications,as in this reported case.

An innovative classification system for ranking the biological effects of marine aromatic hydrocarbons based on fish embryotoxicity

Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is a global concern,particularly in coastal environments.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are regarded as the most toxic components of petroleum hydrocarbons.In this study,the biomonitoring and ranking effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs on the marine fish model Oryzias melastigma embryos were determined in the Jiulong River Estuary(JRE) and its adjacent waters in China.The results showed that the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons from almost all sites met the primary standard for marine seawater quality,and the concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs in the surface seawater were lower compared with those in other coastal areas worldwide.A new fish expert system based on the embryotoxicity of O.melastigma(OME-FES) was developed and applied in the field to evaluate the biological effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.The selected physiological index and molecular indicators in OME-FES were appropriate biomarkers for indicating the harmful effects of petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.The outcome of OME-FES revealed that the biological effect levels of the sampling sites ranged from level Ⅰ(no stress) to level Ⅲ(medium stress),which is further corroborated by the findings of nested analysis of variance(ANOVA) models.Our results suggest that the OME-FES is an effective tool for evaluating and ranking the biological effects of marine petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs.This method may also be applied to evaluate other marine pollutants based on its framework.

IHC、FISH、qRT-PCR检测NSCLC ALK融合基因的对比分析

目的对比分析免疫组化(IHC)、荧光原位杂交(FISH)、实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)ALK融合基因情况。方法收集453例NSCLC标本。随机选取IHC检测的ALK融合基因不同表达程度标本40例[ALK(-)、(+)、(2+)、(3+)标本各10例],采用FISH和qRT-PCR法分别检测各组ALK融合基因表达水平,并进行一致性分析。结果IHC与FISH、qRT-PCR的ALK融合基因检测结果比较,IHC ALK(-)/(3+)与FISH、qRT-PCR检测结果一致率均为100%,具有高度一致性(r=0.781、r=0.740,P<0.05)。FISH与qRT-PCR的检测结果一致率为97.5%,具有高度一致性(r=0.943,P<0.05)。结论FISH、qRT-PCR法与IHC法检测在不同表达程度ALK融合基因样本中检测结果存在差别,IHC敏感性更高。FISH、qRT-PCR法在ALK融合基因样本的检测结果具有高度一致性。

Health Risk Assessment of Employees Exposed to Chlorination By-products of Recreational Water in Large Amusement Parks in Shanghai

Objective Chlorination is often used to disinfect recreational water in large amusement parks;however,the health hazards of chlorination disinfection by-products(DBPs)to occupational populations are unknown.This study aimed to assess the exposure status of chlorinated DBPs in recreational water and the health risks to employees of large amusement parks.Methods Exposure parameters of employees of three large amusement parks in Shanghai were investigated using a questionnaire.Seven typical chlorinated DBPs in recreational water and spray samples were quantified by gas chromatography,and the health risks to amusement park employees exposed to chlorinated DBPs were evaluated according to the WHO's risk assessment framework.Results Trichloroacetic acid,dibromochloromethane,bromodichloromethane,and dichloroacetic acid were detected predominantly in recreational water.The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of the five DBPs did not exceed the risk thresholds.In addition,the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of mixed exposure to DBPs were within the acceptable risk limits.Conclusion Typical DBPs were widely detected in recreational water collected from three large amusement parks in Shanghai;however,the health risks of DBPs and their mixtures were within acceptable limits.

Microbial Quality and Molecular Identification of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Dried, Smoked, and Braised Fish Sold in Ouagadougou Markets

Background: The investigation of toxin genes in strains involved in staphylococcal food poisoning contributes to food safety. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus strains from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in Ouagadougou markets. Methodology: Staphylococci were isolated using standard microbiology methods. Staphylococcus strains were identified using API Staph kit (Reference # 20500, BioMerieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France). The molecular identification of isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains was specifically confirmed by PCR using the Staur4 and Staur6 primers. The genes encoding enterotoxins, enterotoxin-like toxins, exfoliative toxins, and TSST-1 toxin were detected by multiplex PCR using specific primers from Inquaba Biotec West Africa Ltd, Africa's Genomics Company. Results: The results of the microbiological quality assessment indicated that most of the samples analyzed were found to be of unsatisfactory microbiological quality according to the Staphylococcus aureus microbiological criteria (m = 102). Overall, only 12.55% of samples were satisfactory, while 97.45% were unsatisfactory. The STAPH API gallery allowed the identification of the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus capitis. Of the 108 Staphylococcus isolates, 81 (75%) showed at least one (1) toxin gene. Among the 21 toxin genes tested in this study, 20 genes were detected in all strains analyzed. The staphylococcal toxin genes detected were present in both Staphylococcus aureus and the other coagulase-negative strains isolated in this study. In addition, these genes are found individually or in association in certain strains. The most frequent genes detected in toxin gene-positive strains were: the tsst-1 gene in 45 isolated strains (41.7%), sei (16/14.8%), seg (13/12%), ser (7/6.5%) sec (6/5.5%), and sea (5/4.6%) for staphylococcal enterotoxins, seln (14/12.9%), selq (8/7.4%), for enterotoxin-like toxin gene and eta (3/2.7%) for exfoliative toxin genes. Conclusion: This study highlighted the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus strains isolated from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in Ouagadougou markets. Monitoring toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus is invaluable for better prevention of food poisoning.

Measurement of Malondialdehyde as a Biomarker of Lipid Oxidation in Fish

Oxidative reactions are key part of the stress response in marine organisms, which are exposed to a wide variety of environmental stressors. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) occurs in response to oxidant attack, giving rise to unsaturated aldehydes as malondialdehyde (MDA), the main biomarker for LPO assessment. Levels of MDA are measured in biological samples of different fish matrices to determine the oxidative effect of physical or chemical agents, particularly represented by metals. The most used assay is the spectrophotometric determination of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) as MDA-TBA2 adduct. Selectivity is enhanced by separating the adduct by chromatographic methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography or by using alternative derivatization reagents. Because, in biological organism, MDA is found free or protein bound, the two forms should be measured, and the extraction procedures are a crucial step in the processing of the biological sample. This review focused on MDA determination procedures used to assess the effect of experimental and environmental stress induced in fish.

Study of the Multidrug Resistance of Enterobacteria Isolated from Waters and Tilapia Fishes from Fish Farms in the Sud-Comoé Region, Côte d’Ivoire

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is a global problem that threatens the lives of millions of people and affects several sectors, including aquaculture. The aim of the present study is to contribute to the monitoring of multi-resistant enterobacterial strains circulating in fish ponds in the Sud-Comoé region of south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire, more specifically in the Aboisso and Tiapoum departments. To this end, 20 samples of Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and 60 samples of farm water were collected from 5 fish farms in the Sud-Comoé region. Microbiological analyses were based on the isolation and identification of enterobacteria on Mac Conkey + Ceftazidime medium. These analyses resulted in the isolation of 73 strains of enterobacteria, including 58 from fish and 15 from fish pond water samples. Antibiotic sensitivity tests carried out on enterobacteria isolated from water and fish samples showed high levels of resistance (100%) to the beta-lactam family (Amoxicilin + clavulanic acid, Ceftazidime). Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. showed resistance to Ciprofloxacins (100%) and (25%) respectively. The study also showed that strains of Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to all 3 families of antibiotics, notably Beta-lactams, Fluoro-quinolones and Aminosides. The presence of multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in fish and pond water samples represents a public health risk.

Assessment of the Characteristics of Demersal Fish Communities Using Species-and Trait-Based Approaches in the Coastal Habitats Along Rongcheng Bay,Shandong Peninsula,China

Biodiversity declines have motivated many studies on the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning.In this study,we described the spatial-temporal characteristics of demersal fish communities along a coastal habitat in Rongcheng Bay,Shandong Peninsula,China with both species-based and biological trait-based approaches.The field survey was carried out monthly using traps from April to October of 2018,and divided into three seasons(spring:April and May;summer:June,July and August;autumn:September,October and November).The study area included five distinct habitats:seagrass bed,natural rocky reef,bare sand,artificial reef together with natural rocky reef,and artificial reef together with bare sand.We analyzed the fish communities with three taxonomic diversity indices,including Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,and Pielou Evenness,as well as four functional diversity indices,including FRic,FEve,FDiv,and FDis,based on 7 functional groups which are categorized into 27 traits.The results showed that there were no significant differences in taxonomic diversity indices among different habitats in the three seasons.However,significant differences were found in the functional richness of fish communities among different habitats in three seasons.Seagrass bed represented the highest functional richness in spring and autumn.This study demonstrates that seagrass bed is very important in enhancing the functional diversity of fish communities in a complex habitat.The study also indicates that the combination of taxonomic diversity and functional diversity will provide a more detailed description of the characteristics of fish communities.

Detection and Identification of Microplastics from Locally Sold Fishes in Borongan City, Samar Island, Philippines

Microplastics, a prevailing modern contaminant, were detected on fish caught in Brgy. Mayangdan and Brgy. Tabunan, Borongan City, Eastern Samar. Fish samples were collected from markets and barangays, with 1 representative species per species, irrespective of location. The digestive channel, including the gills, was utilized as an anatomy of concern in fishes as the digestive systems are used in the feeding process while gills are primarily exposed to the water around them. Results found a few microplastics, mostly micro fragments that are irregularly shaped and colored either red or transparent/white. This concludes the presence of microplastics in the area of the two barangays in Borongan City. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the presence of microplastics in the water and mangrove areas of the said barangay be assessed to lessen the contamination of water systems with different plastic garbage.

Distribution and Contamination of Arsenic in Fish, Gastropods and Bivalves in the Aby and Tendo Lagoons in East of Ivory Coast

Lagoons are ecosystems for biodiversity and the livelihoods of coastal communities. The main objective of the study was to analyze the variability of arsenic concentrations in gastropods and bivalves in the Aby and Tendo lagoons, taking into account spatial, seasonal and hydrological variations. The study was carried out in four stages spread over two successive hydroclimatic cycles, including two seasons during the rainy season and two more during the dry season. The samples were taken in two areas of the Aby and Tendo lagoons. Arsenic levels were measured by ICP-MS. The results showed that mean arsenic concentrations in the muscles of organisms in Aby Lagoon ranged from 0.01 to 1.26 μg As/g, with a mean and median of 0.17 and 0.06 μg As/g, respectively. Fish had the highest levels of arsenic, followed by crustaceans, while molluscs and plants had lower and comparable concentrations of As. Arsenic concentrations in tilapia and jawbones varied significantly between sites and seasons, with higher concentrations at Tendo and during the rainy season. Arsenic concentrations in gastropods and bivalves were significantly higher than those of other species, with averages of 0.74 and 1.03 mg As/kg, respectively.

比较两种固定液过度固定乳腺癌组织对FISH法检测HER2基因的影响

FISH技术常用于检测和定位染色体上特定的DNA序列[1],有利于病理鉴别诊断[2]、指导临床靶向用药[3]和监测肿瘤的复发[4]。组织标本的前处理对确保临床检验结果的准确性尤为重要,固定是组织处理中最重要的环节,也是整个制片过程中最无法补救的一步[5],组织过度固定或固定不足均会对检测结果造成影响[6]。乳腺癌穿刺样本,在离体后即加入固定液中保存,由于周末节假日等原因,部分样本未能及时送至病理科,穿刺组织体积较小易出现固定过度,在制片中常存在消化难和杂交背景亮等问题。