Reflection on the Integrated Development of Marine Fisheries and Tourism Based on the Transformation of Fishery Facilities: A Case Study of Ningde City of Fujian Province, China

Based on the analysis on the current situation of marine fishery resources and development in Ningde City,this paper plans a spatial pattern for the integration of marine fishery and tourism of the“one belt,three zones,and multiple points”,designs key projects,analyzes the existing problems in the integrated development of fishery and tourism,and proposes relevant countermeasures and suggestions.

Sea Cucumber Fishery in Aurora, Philippines

This study was conducted to provide a preliminary assessment of the sea cucumber fishery in Aurora, Philippines. This was conducted from February to June 2013. All sea cucumber gatherers and traders, obtained through snowball sampling, in each identified sea cucumber fishery area in six coastal municipalities (Baler, Dipaculao, Dinalungan, Casiguran, Dilasag and Dingalan) were interviewed using a structured interview schedule and focused group discussions (FGD). Results revealed that gathering sea cucumbers were accomplished by handpicking, skin diving or compressor diving. A total of 15 commercial species were regularly gathered. Out of this, three species are of very high economic value (≥Php 4000/kg) (Holothuria nobilis, Holothuria scabra, and Actinopyga lecanora). The average number of kilograms harvested per hour per trip ranges from 0.21 (Holothuria fuscopunctata) to 2.71 (Holothuria scabra), while the average size of commonly gathered sea cucumber varies among species with Holothuria lecanora showed an average length (29.26 cm) greater than recorded 24 cm. Processing mainly involves washing, slicing, boiling, drying and packing. Processed sea cucumbers or trepan were sold to middlemen or direct buyers who usually offered higher prices (36.36% up to 69.20%) than the former. Problems encountered by sea cucumber gatherers and traders include a decline in total catch, a shift in area of collection from intertidal zones to deeper waters, an increase in the number of hours spent in finding and gathering sea cucumbers, the use of compressors in gathering, the decline of larger species and gathering of smaller sizes in huge amount, the absence of conservation program for sea cucumber, and the lenient implementation of government policies with regards to coastal resources management.

Current status and countermeasures of facility fishery development

According to the"National Modern Facility Agriculture Construction Plan(2023-2030)released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,the"Special Implementation Plan for Modern Facility Fisheries Construction"emphasizes the development of circular aquaculture,active expansion of green aquaculture space in facility fisheries,multi-channel development of food sources,comprehensive improvement of the quality,efficiency,and competitiveness of facility fisheries,ensuring stable and safe supply of aquatic products,and better meeting people's needs for high-quality aquatic products and beautiful aquatic ecological environment.Since the implementation of the 14th Five Year Plan for fisheries,facility fisheries have made significant progress.In order to thoroughly implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourse on new quality productivity,conduct in-depth research on the current situation and existing problems of the fishery industry,and put forward suggestions to meet the requirements of high-quality development of the fishery industry in the new era.Therefore,it is crucial to continue practicing the"revitalization of aquatic seed industry"and"big food concept",take multiple measures to"demand food from rivers,lakes,and seas",and expand aquaculture space.Through research,it has been found that research in the field of facility based fisheries is still in its developmental stage.Further exploration is needed on the current status,breeding models,and experimental demonstrations of land-based facility based fisheries,in order to provide a basis for fisheries regulatory authorities to formulate the"15th Five Year Plan"for facility based fisheries.

The current research status of new quality productivity in China's fisheries

The literature reports mainly focus on 2023-2024,and the research hotspots are mostly productivity and new quality productivity.After analysis,research in the field of fisheries is still in its early stages.Among them,the facilities,intelligence,and"Blue granary"of marine fisheries need to be further strengthened to provide technical support for achieving the goal of"new quality productivity"in the fishing industry in the future.

Fisheries Management under Ecological Interdependence: The Case of European Hake and Blue Whiting Fishery

In mixed fisheries where there is an increased ecological interdependence between two or more target species, the possibilities of fishing these species must be determined jointly, since catches of one species will impact the natural growth not only of that species but of the others, as well. The objective of this paper is to develop a predator-prey model for two major species caught by the EU fishing fleet on European Union fishing grounds. The predator and prey’s population dynamics follow the Lotka-Volterra equation and are assumed to be logic-based, and a lineal interaction between the predator and prey populations is assumed. Optimal single owner multispecies fishery management is analysed, and the applied model is solved, obtaining the equilibrium value of biomasses, catches, and net benefits of the mixed fishery. The results show that the MSY of the predator is higher than that estimated by ICES, while MSY for prey is lower. The sensitivity analysis of the results reveals that the biomass levels of both species decrease as the discount rate increases, while catches increase.

我国淡水渔业转型升级路径与工程科技创新重点研究

淡水渔业转型升级对推动消费升级、实现产业高质量可持续发展具有重要意义。本文在剖析我国淡水渔业转型升级面临的突出问题和工程科技需求的基础上,提出淡水渔业转型升级的总体思路、推进路径、主要任务和主要目标,并通过系统研究提出淡水渔业绿色高效养殖模式、优良养殖品种繁育技术与装备、精准投喂与饲料高效利用技术、不同养殖模式下水环境调控技术、尾水高效绿色处理技术与装备、多元信息智能立体感知技术与装备、淡水产品捕捞及冷链化优质保鲜贮运技术和养殖产品初加工技术与装备等工程科技创新研究重点,旨在为全面提升我国淡水渔业的设施化、机械化、智能化、智慧化和标准化水平提供决策参考。

Development of New Green Feed for Large Water Surface Ecological Fishery

In view of the fact that cages and bait are not allowed in large water surface aquiculture,1-2 kinds of new green feeds"plankton+microecologics"were developed to solve the problems of yield reduction,slow growth and difficulty in fishing of aquatic organisms caused by extensive mode.The new green feed is ecological,environmentally friendly and residue-free,which not only supplements nutrition but also meets the requirements of environmental protection.

Variation of the coastal upwelling off South Java and their impact on local fishery resources

There is a vast upwelling area induced by the southeast monsoon in the waters off South Java,making the region an important fishing ground.Climate events can affect the variation of upwelling,but oceanographers have different understandings on the extent to which climate events control upwelling in this area,which leads to a lack of basis for studies on the evaluation and mechanisms of the variability of fishery resources in the region.The correlation between environmental parameters,including surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration,and climate event indices in South Java from 2003 to 2020 was analyzed.Results show that the Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD)has a greater influence on the interannual variability of upwelling intensity than ENSO.During the IOD,variations in equatorial latitudinal winds excite different types of Kelvin waves that anomalously deepen or shallow the thermocline,which is the main cause of anomalous variations in upwelling,independent of variations in the local wind field.A correlation between the interannual variability in upwelling and the annual catches was revealed,showing that climatic events indirectly affect fishery resources through upwelling effects.During positive IOD/El Niño periods,strong upwelling delivers more nutrients to the surface layer,which favors fish growth and reproduction,resulting in higher annual catches.A negative IOD/La Niña,on the other hand,leads to weaker upwelling and fewer nutrients into the surface waters.Fish tend to move in deeper waters,making traditional fishing methods less efficient and consequently lower annual catches.

中国淡水池塘养殖发展的时空格局与前景展望

淡水池塘养殖是我国重要的渔业生产方式,解析其时空发展格局对于研判和把握未来的发展趋势十分必要。本研究以历年来中国渔业统计年鉴数据为基础,对近40年以来(1980-2020年,以5年为间隔;另有2021、2022年)全国31个省级行政单元淡水池塘养殖产量、面积、单产、占渔业总产量的比例进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)养殖产量总体呈持续增加趋势,但增长率波动式放缓,1980-2020年增长率从181.9%下降至12.0%,2020-2022年均值为2348.3万吨,平均增长率为2.9%;(2)养殖面积亦呈持续增加趋势,但增长率波动式放缓,从53.1%下降至4.8%,2020-2022年均值261.8万hm^(2),平均增长率为0%;(3)单产总体呈波动式增长,但增长率从82.8%逐步下降至13.7%,2020-2022年均值604.7 kg/667 m^(2),平均增长率为2.4%;(4)各省淡水池塘养殖产量占渔业总产量比重的均值呈先上升后逐渐持平的趋势,1995-2022年波动持平变幅在44.6%~49.0%。受水土资源和环境保护刚性约束,当前淡水池塘养殖发展亟需从数量规模型向质量效益型转变,生态-经济合作型渔业综合体将是未来高质量发展的重要途径。

江苏省淡水渔业碳汇强度和经济价值估算

根据2014—2023年江苏省淡水渔业养殖产量和捕捞产量数据,计算淡水渔业碳移出量和碳汇价值,并讨论了江苏省碳汇渔业发展面临的问题及对策建议。结果表明,10年间,江苏省淡水养殖碳移出量为21.55万~24.13万t,碳移出总量为226.41万t,占比较高的有鲢、鳙、鲫、草鱼、虾和河蟹;淡水捕捞碳移出量为2.17万~4.07万t,碳移出总量为34.67万t,鱼类、甲壳类和贝类分别占比为66.38%、14.54%和17.36%。根据碳汇市场价格100元/t来计算,养殖碳汇和捕捞碳汇价值年际变化分别为7908.85万~8855.71万元和796.39万~1493.69万元,江苏省淡水渔业碳汇价值合计为9.58亿元。江苏省淡水渔业养殖碳移出量及碳汇价值大于捕捞碳移出量及碳汇价值。

中国近海渔业资源的结构与质量研究

海洋渔业资源对于保障食品安全、维护生态系统稳定、促进经济发展等方面起着关键作用,科学管理和可持续利用近海渔业资源,对于推动经济与环境协调发展至关重要。为了探究中国近海渔业资源的结构与质量变化情况,该研究基于1990—2020年中国近海捕捞统计数据和海表温度(sea surface temperature,SST)变化数据,通过计算分析中国近海各渔区(渤黄海渔区、东海渔区和南海渔区)渔获物的平均营养级(mean trophic level,MTL)、各渔区渔业均衡指数(fishing-in-balance index,FIB指数)与人为捕捞活动、SST变化之间的关联性,探究人为捕捞活动、SST变化对中国近海渔业资源结构与质量变化、渔业生态系统健康的影响。结果表明:过去30年间,中国近海各渔区的渔获量和FIB指数均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,渤黄海和东海渔区的MTL呈现显著下降趋势,南海渔区的MTL呈现微弱增长趋势。人为过度捕捞已影响到渤黄海和东海渔区的渔业资源结构与质量,导致低营养级鱼类占比逐渐升高,渔业资源质量显著降低,但对南海渔区影响不大。受到气候变化影响,在渤黄海渔区5—6月和东海渔区9—11月,海温增暖抑制高营养级鱼类生长,导致渔业资源出现结构向低营养级鱼类变化、质量大幅下降的趋势,但在南海渔区,海温变化对MTL没有影响。人为捕捞对中国近海渔业生态系统健康影响不大,主要是由于渔获量的增加起到了一定的平衡作用。海温变化对渤黄海、东海渔区的渔业生态系统健康影响也较小,南海秋季海温增暖则有利于其渔业生态系统健康发展。基于研究结果,作者提出了改善中国近海各渔区渔业资源结构,提高渔业资源质量,提升渔业生态系统健康的相关建议,为中国近海渔业资源的可持续利用提供了管理借鉴。

福建省休闲渔业时空演化及驱动机制研究

以2007—2023年福建省评选的269个“水乡渔村”休闲渔业示范基地为研究对象,运用ArcGIS10.8空间分析工具,通过时间演化、全局自相关、局部自相关和标准差椭圆等方法分析福建省休闲渔业的时空演化过程。结果表明:(1)由于福建省的多山地势,内陆地区较难形成结构化以及规模化的聚集;(2)福建省“水乡渔村”的分布呈现出外流水系和内流水系协调演化的区域特点;(3)福建省“水乡渔村”的分布主要聚集在渔业较为发达的闽东沿海,即中国第四大渔场闽东渔场区域。在驱动机制中,休闲渔业示范基地与地形、水系、产业和区域战略等因素密切相关。

产业链视角下中国海洋渔业高质量发展水平综合评价

产业链建设是产业高质量发展主阵地,提升海洋渔业产业链现代化水平是支撑海洋经济高质量发展的必要条件。为进一步提升海洋渔业区域产业链联动水平,深入推进海洋经济转型升级,本文基于产业链多维内涵,从创新链、价值链、供应链、空间链四个维度出发,构建海洋渔业高质量发展水平评价指标体系;运用逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)、对抗解释结构模型(AISM)和障碍度模型,对2006-2020年中国沿海11个省(区、市)海洋渔业高质量发展水平及其影响因素进行分析,并提出相应建议措施。结果表明:(1)时间上,研究期内中国海洋渔业高质量发展水平逐年向好,各维度贴近度数值均呈现不同程度波动上升趋势,其中创新链维度贴近度数值较高且稳定增长,价值链和空间链维度贴近度数值增长较快,供应链维度贴近度数值还有较大提升空间。(2)空间上,中国海洋渔业高质量发展水平区域差异较大,在四大维度中优势和劣势各不相同。(3)优劣层级划分上,研究区海洋渔业高质量发展水平总体层级较为明显,其中山东表现最好,河北和海南较差,除江苏、上海、广西三个活动要素外,其他地区发展稳定,呈刚性结构。(4)影响因素上,创新链水平对海洋渔业高质量发展阻碍最大,价值链水平和供应链水平也有一定影响,研究期内第一障碍因子分别是X1水产技术推广经费、X5水产技术推广机构技术成果数量和X3渔民技术培训期数。产业链视角下研究海洋渔业高质量发展可促进现代渔业体系向信息化、智慧化发展,助推经济、社会高质量发展。

海洋渔业碳排放效率的时空演变及影响因素——以北部海洋经济圈为例

促进海洋渔业低碳化、绿色化、可持续发展既是海洋生态文明建设要求,也是促进海洋经济高质量发展的重要手段。从碳排与碳汇视角核算海洋渔业碳排放,采用超效率SBM模型测算2006—2019年北部海洋经济圈海洋渔业碳排放效率,并借助STIRPAT模型分析海洋渔业碳排放效率影响因素。结果显示:(1)2006—2019年北部海洋经济圈海洋渔业碳排放量不断上升;海洋渔业碳排放量区域差异较大;海洋渔业碳排放增长率的变化趋势较为一致。(2)海洋渔业碳排放效率总体水平不高,呈现缓慢下降—波动上升—波动下降变化态势;各项效率指数均具有一定波动性;分地区看,山东整体明显高于河北、辽宁和天津。(3)海洋渔业科技水平是海洋渔业碳排放效率最主要影响因素,海洋渔业规模、海洋经济规模、对外开放程度、海洋产业结构是重要影响因素。

杭州湾北部凤鲚雌、雄繁殖群体的渔业生物学特征

为掌握杭州湾北部凤鲚雌、雄繁殖群体组成及渔业生物学特征,于2018、2019、2020年5—8月凤鲚汛期采集凤鲚样品,利用幂函数、列联表卡方分析等方法对凤鲚雌、雄繁殖群体的全长、体质量和性腺发育状况等进行研究。结果显示,杭州湾北部凤鲚雌性繁殖群体全长分布为113~233mm,优势全长组为130~150mm和170~200mm(总和73.2%);雄性繁殖群体全长为88~204mm,优势全长组为110~140mm(总和66.0%)。雌性体质量分布为3.6~29.7g,优势体质量组为6.0~10.0g和14.0~20.0g(总和64.2%);雄性体质量分布为1.3~16.2g,优势体质量组为2.0~8.0g(总和90.0%)。雌性全长(L)与体质量(m)关系式为m=0.518×10^(-5)L2.874(r^(2)=0.978,n=984),雄性全长与体质量关系式为m=1.033×10^(-5)L^(2.692)(r^(2)=0.957,n=661)。雌、雄性比为1.49∶1,雌性个体数显著多于雄性个体数(P<0.05)。雌性个体性腺发育以Ⅳ、Ⅴ期为主,性腺发育达Ⅳ期及以上的性成熟个体全长主要集中于140~150mm和170~200mm,雄性个体性腺发育以Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为主,性腺发育达Ⅳ期及以上的性成熟个体全长主要集中于110~150mm。摄食等级以0和1级为主,个体数占比高达95.8%,空胃率仅为69.2%。研究表明,杭州湾北部凤鲚雌性繁殖群体由多个世代群体组成,并在繁殖期内维持一定的摄食水平。

基于利益相关者的海洋自然保护区管理有效性评价研究

海洋自然保护区管理有效性评价是发现保护区管理问题,分析成因,寻求解决方案和提升管理成效的重要手段。本研究基于利益相关者视角,以广东省两个国家级海洋自然保护区为案例,通过实地考察和半结构访谈,研究分析海洋自然保护区管理有效性。结果表明,我国海洋自然保护区涉及的利益相关者包括政府类、事业单位类、企业类、非政府组织类和居民类等,通过管理有效性评价发现案例保护区存在执法权缺失、人员编制不足、规划协调不够以及保护与渔民生产生活相冲突等问题,需保护区管理者与各利益相关者协同解决。建议完善保护区管理者评价与奖惩机制;将保护区管理指标纳入各级政府考评体系;完善科研机构与保护区科技合作和数据共享机制;促进社区公众等利益主体与保护区形成海洋保护利益共同体。通过推动多种利益主体相互协作,共同提升海洋自然保护区管理有效性。

斑鳜聚缩虫病并发感染水霉菌的防治试验

为防治斑鳜聚缩虫、水霉菌并发病,采用多种商品渔药及食盐进行了对比试验,筛选出对聚缩虫和水霉菌有一定杀灭效果且对斑鳜毒性较低的植物源性杀虫剂纤虫净和食盐,并进行了联合药物对该病的治疗试验和药物协同作用评判。试验结果显示,在水温18℃~22℃条件下,0.3 mg·L^(-1)的纤虫净与8 000 mg·L^(-1)食盐联合用药连续浸泡144 h对聚缩虫、水霉菌的死亡率均达到100%,植物源性杀虫剂纤虫净与食盐对聚缩虫药效的相互作用为相加,对水霉菌具有协同增强作用,该药物组合对斑鳜聚缩虫病并发感染水霉菌具有较好的疗效。

基于长时间序列的中东大西洋渔获物平均营养级及资源状况变化分析

为了解中东大西洋渔业产区渔获物的资源状况,根据世界粮农组织(FAO)提供的该海域1950—2019年的渔获量数据,结合渔获种类的平均营养级(mean trophic level,MTL)信息,运用统计学方法分析70年间渔获物平均营养级和营养级平衡指数(fishing in balance,FiB)的变动规律,以掌握该海域渔业资源的可持续利用情况。结果显示,MTL大致可分为4个阶段,1950—1956年,MTL指数在3.20左右,无明显变化;1957—1963年,MTL指数迅速上升至3.44;1964—1996年,MTL在波动中趋于下降,历史最高值(3.54)出现在1985年;1997—2019年,MTL稳定在较高水平,其中2018年为该阶段最低点3.35。FiB指数整体呈上升趋势,1950—1956年,FiB指数呈小幅波动增加;1957—1974年,FiB指数显著上升;1975—1996年,FiB指数呈平稳波动状态;1997—2019年,FiB指数整体呈小幅增长趋势。结果表明,中东大西洋海洋生态系统相对稳定,但潜在的渔业资源量越来越少,开发潜力有限。

中东和东南大西洋渔业资源可持续利用灰色关联评价

为了解中东大西洋和东南大西洋渔业资源利用状况,根据FAO提供的1980—2019年两海域渔获量数据,采用灰色关联法,评价其渔业资源可持续利用水平。研究表明,1980—2019年,中东大西洋和东南大西洋渔获量总体呈相反的变化趋势,其中中东大西洋渔获量波动增长,而东南大西洋渔获量平稳下降,且前者累计渔获量是后者的2.2倍。中上层鱼类是最主要渔获种类,底层鱼类次之。其中,中上层鱼类渔获量分别占各海域的72.03%和67.31%,两个渔区总渔获量排名前二十鱼种均以中上层鱼类为主。灰色关联分析结果显示,1980—2019年,中东大西洋和东南大西洋的基于七大类别灰色关联度和渔获量排名前二十鱼种的灰色关联度值均大于0.7,属于高强度开发及以上状态。中东大西洋渔获量排名前二十鱼种的灰色关联值在2010年前后出现了大于0.9的年份,说明该海域正接近或正处于充分开发状态。东南大西洋基于七大类别灰色关联度和渔获量排名前二十鱼种的灰色关联度值大于0.9出现在多个年份,但主要出现在20世纪80年代和90年代,说明该海域渔业资源早期就接近于充分开发状态。中东大西洋海洋渔业资源开发正达到极限,其渔获量进一步增长的空间非常有限;东南大西洋海域渔业资源经过充分开发和严格管理之后,呈好转趋势,但仍处在高强度开发状态,未来其渔获量增长有限。研究结果可为中东大西洋和东南大西洋海域渔业资源的科学管理和开发利用提供参考。

“十三五”国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项科技布局及评述

本文旨在介绍和评估国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项在渔业领域科技创新方面的实施情况,并展望我国渔业发展的未来趋势。通过对重点专项的任务布局、项目经费概况、项目分布情况、承担与参与单位(人员)情况进行详细梳理和分析,概括和评述专项实施特点和项目成效。分析显示,该专项具有系统性布局、重点领域突破、产业链协同创新、产业环节差异性布局等特点。在种质创制、健康养殖、资源养护、友好捕捞、流通加工等五大产业需求上取得了系列重要成果,显著提高了我国渔业科技创新水平。基于“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项的实施成效,我国渔业科技创新在“十四五”期间及以后将更加注重拓展水产养殖新空间,发展生态健康养殖模式和智慧渔业,提高养殖设施和装备水平,提升加工综合水平,加快冷链物流建设,高标准建设现代化海洋牧场等领域。这将有助于进一步优化优质蛋白食品产业结构,合理开发和综合利用淡水和海洋资源,推动我国渔业持续健康发展。