Respiratory infections are the most frequent nosocomial infections after those urinaries and surgicals. We analysed respiratory infection incidences in patients treated with different kinds of respiratory assistance (...Respiratory infections are the most frequent nosocomial infections after those urinaries and surgicals. We analysed respiratory infection incidences in patients treated with different kinds of respiratory assistance (non-invasive ventilation and invasive mechanical ventilation trough tracheostomy), studying 640 patients recovering in the intensive area of respiratory disease from 2010 to 2013. We had 113 cases of respiratory infections: 42.5% in patients of non-invasive ventilation group and 57.5% of patients treated with invasive ventilation with a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The patients treated with non-invasive ventilation showed a lower incidence of nosocomial respiratory infections. Prevention guidelines are important to reduce nosocomial infections frequency.展开更多
Introduction: The use of biomass for cooking is a very common practice in Africa and Benin, and is associated with exposure to organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess carbon monoxide exposure and respi...Introduction: The use of biomass for cooking is a very common practice in Africa and Benin, and is associated with exposure to organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess carbon monoxide exposure and respiratory disorders in women at artisanal fish-smoking sites. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of women fish smokers at two artisanal fish-smoking sites in Benin. Recruitment was exhaustive. An interview using a respiratory questionnaire inspired by the Union questionnaire, spirometry and carbon monoxide (CO) measurement were carried out. Descriptive analysis and comparison of means using Student’s t-test with a threshold of p = 0.05 were performed. Results: The median age of the 81 people surveyed was 40, with an interquartile range (IQT) of [25 to 75]. The median duration of daily exposure to smoke was 6 h IQT [4, 7]. Of those surveyed, 64 (79.01%) were illiterate and 39 (48.24%) had been working for 20 years. CO levels at the start of activity varied from 89 to 145 ppm in one case and from 40 to 89 ppm in the other. Respiratory symptoms were present in 19 (23.46%);18 (22.22%) had mild airway impairment on spirometry. There was a statistically significant decrease between the mean values of peak expiratory flow (PEF), mean expiratory volume in seconds (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after exposure to smoke. Conclusion: CO levels are high on fish smoking sites and respiratory problems are common. Improved working conditions are important for these women.展开更多
The establishment of water circulation aquaculture system realized the hi- erarchical use of nitrogen, phosphorus and other eutrophic substances in aquaculture wastewater and the recirculation use of water resource. H...The establishment of water circulation aquaculture system realized the hi- erarchical use of nitrogen, phosphorus and other eutrophic substances in aquaculture wastewater and the recirculation use of water resource. However, no research has been reported on the detailed calculation of the relationship between the area of aquaculture pond and purification pond. In this study, referring to the absorption ability of aquatic plants to pollutants in aquaculture wastewater and pollutant generation and discharge coefficient in aquaculture pond, based on the general rules of water quality management in freshwater aquaculture system, a calculation mode was es- tablished to investigate the relationship between the area of aquaculture pond and purification pond in freshwater recirculation aquaculture system, which was feasible to explain related cases and would provide theoretical basis to reduce the economic costs in the construction of water circulation aquaculture system and realize the bal- ance between the ecological benefits and the economic benefits.展开更多
This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochl...This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus families were investigated by gas chromatography, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cr and Hg) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metallic pollution indices, the contamination factor (CF) and the ecological risk index were calculated. The results revealed 8 active ingredients in the rainy season and 9 in the dry season. Glyphosate was the active ingredient with the highest concentration at all stations, 9.65 ± 0.84 mg/kg recorded in the dry season at the Aguigadji station. All glyphosate values were above the EQS. DDT, Atrazine and Endosulfan also showed high concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons. Emamectin, Abamectin and Lambda Cyhalothrin also showed high concentrations in the dry season at Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele. Only glyphosate was recorded at the control station (Toho), but in very low concentrations. Lead showed the highest concentrations at all the stations, 265.96 ± 21.02 mg/Kg in the rainy season and 255.38 ± 79.09 mg/Kg in the dry season, all detected at the Aguigadji station and above the EQS. Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr were all representative in both the dry and rainy seasons at the contaminated stations. Manganese showed high concentrations in the rainy season. Pb showed very high contamination (FC ≥ 6) at the Aguigadji and Ahlan stations and significant contamination (3 ≤ FC 6) at the Sele station in both the rainy and dry seasons. Ni, Hg and Cd, showed either moderate or significant contamination at the contaminated stations. The risk values showed a considerable ecological Ri (190 ≤ Ri < 380) in the rainy season and a moderate ecological Ri (95 ≤ Ri < 190) in the dry season at these contaminated stations.展开更多
为了掌握北京市山区河流的生态健康状况,采用鱼类生物完整性指数(fish-index of biological integrity,F-IBI)进行了评价。于2021年8月、2022年5月、2022年10月对5条代表性山区河流的11个点位,进行了鱼类种群、水质、生境等调查。构建...为了掌握北京市山区河流的生态健康状况,采用鱼类生物完整性指数(fish-index of biological integrity,F-IBI)进行了评价。于2021年8月、2022年5月、2022年10月对5条代表性山区河流的11个点位,进行了鱼类种群、水质、生境等调查。构建了鱼类生物完整性评价体系,确定核心指标9项,分别为鱼类总物种数(M1)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(M2)、鲤科鱼类占总物种数的百分比(M4)、鳅科鱼类占总物种数的百分比(M5)、底层鱼类百分比(M20)、杂食性鱼类数量百分比(M22)、耐受性鱼类数量百分比(M23)、黏性卵鱼类数量百分比(M26)和鱼类总个体数(M30)。采用比值法对上述核心指标进行赋分,并按照F-IBI得分将河流水生态健康状况划分为5个健康等级。结果显示研究区域河流生态健康状况良好,其中“优”、“良”点位占比为72.7%。通过分析F-IBI值与水质、生境等因素的相关性,发现全盐量、pH与F-IBI存在显著相关,而与水深、距闸坝的距离、溶解氧、透明度、化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷等不存在显著相关性。河道大量补充再生水会造成F-IBI下降,但是经过适当人工干预措施,如人工湿地,可以有效提升鱼类生物完整性。展开更多
文摘Respiratory infections are the most frequent nosocomial infections after those urinaries and surgicals. We analysed respiratory infection incidences in patients treated with different kinds of respiratory assistance (non-invasive ventilation and invasive mechanical ventilation trough tracheostomy), studying 640 patients recovering in the intensive area of respiratory disease from 2010 to 2013. We had 113 cases of respiratory infections: 42.5% in patients of non-invasive ventilation group and 57.5% of patients treated with invasive ventilation with a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The patients treated with non-invasive ventilation showed a lower incidence of nosocomial respiratory infections. Prevention guidelines are important to reduce nosocomial infections frequency.
文摘Introduction: The use of biomass for cooking is a very common practice in Africa and Benin, and is associated with exposure to organic pollutants. The aim of this study was to assess carbon monoxide exposure and respiratory disorders in women at artisanal fish-smoking sites. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of women fish smokers at two artisanal fish-smoking sites in Benin. Recruitment was exhaustive. An interview using a respiratory questionnaire inspired by the Union questionnaire, spirometry and carbon monoxide (CO) measurement were carried out. Descriptive analysis and comparison of means using Student’s t-test with a threshold of p = 0.05 were performed. Results: The median age of the 81 people surveyed was 40, with an interquartile range (IQT) of [25 to 75]. The median duration of daily exposure to smoke was 6 h IQT [4, 7]. Of those surveyed, 64 (79.01%) were illiterate and 39 (48.24%) had been working for 20 years. CO levels at the start of activity varied from 89 to 145 ppm in one case and from 40 to 89 ppm in the other. Respiratory symptoms were present in 19 (23.46%);18 (22.22%) had mild airway impairment on spirometry. There was a statistically significant decrease between the mean values of peak expiratory flow (PEF), mean expiratory volume in seconds (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after exposure to smoke. Conclusion: CO levels are high on fish smoking sites and respiratory problems are common. Improved working conditions are important for these women.
基金Supported by Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-46)Special Fund for Basic Research and Operating Expenses of Central-level Research Institutes(2007JBFA03)~~
文摘The establishment of water circulation aquaculture system realized the hi- erarchical use of nitrogen, phosphorus and other eutrophic substances in aquaculture wastewater and the recirculation use of water resource. However, no research has been reported on the detailed calculation of the relationship between the area of aquaculture pond and purification pond. In this study, referring to the absorption ability of aquatic plants to pollutants in aquaculture wastewater and pollutant generation and discharge coefficient in aquaculture pond, based on the general rules of water quality management in freshwater aquaculture system, a calculation mode was es- tablished to investigate the relationship between the area of aquaculture pond and purification pond in freshwater recirculation aquaculture system, which was feasible to explain related cases and would provide theoretical basis to reduce the economic costs in the construction of water circulation aquaculture system and realize the bal- ance between the ecological benefits and the economic benefits.
文摘This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus families were investigated by gas chromatography, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cr and Hg) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metallic pollution indices, the contamination factor (CF) and the ecological risk index were calculated. The results revealed 8 active ingredients in the rainy season and 9 in the dry season. Glyphosate was the active ingredient with the highest concentration at all stations, 9.65 ± 0.84 mg/kg recorded in the dry season at the Aguigadji station. All glyphosate values were above the EQS. DDT, Atrazine and Endosulfan also showed high concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons. Emamectin, Abamectin and Lambda Cyhalothrin also showed high concentrations in the dry season at Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele. Only glyphosate was recorded at the control station (Toho), but in very low concentrations. Lead showed the highest concentrations at all the stations, 265.96 ± 21.02 mg/Kg in the rainy season and 255.38 ± 79.09 mg/Kg in the dry season, all detected at the Aguigadji station and above the EQS. Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr were all representative in both the dry and rainy seasons at the contaminated stations. Manganese showed high concentrations in the rainy season. Pb showed very high contamination (FC ≥ 6) at the Aguigadji and Ahlan stations and significant contamination (3 ≤ FC 6) at the Sele station in both the rainy and dry seasons. Ni, Hg and Cd, showed either moderate or significant contamination at the contaminated stations. The risk values showed a considerable ecological Ri (190 ≤ Ri < 380) in the rainy season and a moderate ecological Ri (95 ≤ Ri < 190) in the dry season at these contaminated stations.
文摘为了掌握北京市山区河流的生态健康状况,采用鱼类生物完整性指数(fish-index of biological integrity,F-IBI)进行了评价。于2021年8月、2022年5月、2022年10月对5条代表性山区河流的11个点位,进行了鱼类种群、水质、生境等调查。构建了鱼类生物完整性评价体系,确定核心指标9项,分别为鱼类总物种数(M1)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(M2)、鲤科鱼类占总物种数的百分比(M4)、鳅科鱼类占总物种数的百分比(M5)、底层鱼类百分比(M20)、杂食性鱼类数量百分比(M22)、耐受性鱼类数量百分比(M23)、黏性卵鱼类数量百分比(M26)和鱼类总个体数(M30)。采用比值法对上述核心指标进行赋分,并按照F-IBI得分将河流水生态健康状况划分为5个健康等级。结果显示研究区域河流生态健康状况良好,其中“优”、“良”点位占比为72.7%。通过分析F-IBI值与水质、生境等因素的相关性,发现全盐量、pH与F-IBI存在显著相关,而与水深、距闸坝的距离、溶解氧、透明度、化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、氨氮、总磷等不存在显著相关性。河道大量补充再生水会造成F-IBI下降,但是经过适当人工干预措施,如人工湿地,可以有效提升鱼类生物完整性。
