A Model for the Calculation of Velocity Reduction Behind A Plane Fishing Net

A model for the calculation of velocity reduction behind a fishing net is proposed in this paper. Comparisons are made between the calculated results and experimental data. It is shown that by the application of the effective adjacent area coefficient of fluid flowing around a solid structure to the fishing net, the calculated results agree well with the experimental data. The model proposed in this paper can also be applied to the analysis of the velocity reduction within a fishing cage and can be introduced into the numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic behavior of fishing cages for the improvement of computational accuracy.

Total Recovery of Sinker Weights from Lead-Core Fishing Nets

The adverse effects of lead poisoning have long been of environmental concern. A large number of research papers have reported many routes of lead poisoning, of which lead sinkers used in fishing require urgent attention. Lead sinkers that are abandoned or scattered from individual fishing gear are notorious for environmental pollution and have been reported in many papers;moreover, lead-core “sinker rope” is used in fishery nets. This paper discusses the latter, which generally has limited public awareness. Preliminary work and field studies were conducted to develop a system for total treatment of lead from fishing nets with lead-cored sinker ropes, in order to prevent environmental pollution and conserve natural resources. Lead sinkers in fishing nets were successfully removed, yielding high-quality lead suitable for commercial purposes. Appropriate management of fishing nets is crucial for environmental protection and resource conservation.

Effects of Different Spatial Resolutions on Prediction Accuracy of Thunnus alalunga Fishing Ground in Waters Near the Cook Islands Based on Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)Neural Network Model

Albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga)is one of the target species of tuna longline fishing,and waters near the Cook Islands are a vital albacore tuna fishing ground.Marine environmental data are usually presented with different spatial resolutions,which leads to different results in tuna fishery prediction.Study on the impact of different spatial resolutions on the prediction accuracy of albacore tuna fishery to select the best spatial resolution can contribute to better management of albacore tuna resources.The nominal catch per unit effort(CPUE)of albacore tuna is calculated according to vessel monitor system(VMS)data collected from Chinese distantwater fishery enterprises from January 1,2017 to May 31,2021.A total of 26 spatiotemporal and environmental factors,including temperature,salinity,dissolved oxygen of 0–300 m water layer,chlorophyll-a concentration in the sea surface,sea surface height,month,longitude,and latitude,were selected as variables.The temporal resolution of the variables was daily and the spatial resolutions were set to be 0.5°×0.5°,1°×1°,2°×2°,and 5°×5°.The relationship between the nominal CPUE and each individual factor was analyzed to remove the factors irrelavant to the nominal CPUE,together with a multicollinearity diagnosis on the factors to remove factors highly related to the other factors within the four spatial resolutions.The relationship models between CPUE and spatiotemporal and environmental factors by four spatial resolutions were established based on the long short-term memory(LSTM)neural network model.The mean absolute error(MAE)and root mean square error(RMSE)were used to analyze the fitness and accuracy of the models,and to determine the effects of different spatial resolutions on the prediction accuracy of the albacore tuna fishing ground.The results show the resolution of 1°×1°can lead to the best prediction accuracy,with the MAE and RMSE being 0.0268 and 0.0452 respectively,followed by 0.5°×0.5°,2°×2°and 5°×5°with declining prediction accuracy.The results suggested that 1)albacore tuna fishing ground can be predicted by LSTM;2)the VMS records the data in detail and can be used scientifically to calculate the CPUE;3)correlation analysis,and multicollinearity diagnosis are necessary to improve the prediction accuracy of the model;4)the spatial resolution should be 1°×1°in the forecast of albacore tuna fishing ground in waters near the Cook Islands.

Scale and Associated Factors of Using Pyrethroid-Impregnated Mosquito Nets as Fishing Tools on Nokoué Lake within Sô-Ava Municipality in Benin, 2020

Background: In lacustrine communities, whether in Benin or elsewhere, populations use impregnated mosquito nets (IMNs) as fishing nets. This depletes the lake of its fishery resources, which in turn are contaminated by the pyrethroids impregnated in the nets. This study aims to determine the scale and factors associated with the use of pyrethroid-impregnated mosquito nets as fishing tools in the municipality of Sô-Ava in Benin. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study with two components. First, a quantitative component was made up of 280 volunteers who were interviewed in the seven districts of the city. Data collection was done in two phases: the first from September to October 2020, and the second in August 2022. Data were analyzed with Stata and logistic regression was used. Another qualitative component was made up of forty participants chosen by reasoned choice, of which 32 were split into four focus groups of eight members each, and the rest participated in semi-structured interviews. Triangulation of the different sources was used to analyze the data. Results: Around 67% of the population reported using impregnated mosquito nets as fishing tools and 33% exclusively for malaria. Seasonal fishermen (ORa = 2.03, CI = 1.35 - 4.97, P = 0.004) and years of professional experience (ORa = 1.53, CI = 1.00 - 2.05, P = 0.021) increase the risk of using these nets as fishing tools. The use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets against mosquitoes causes skin scratching and impairs breathing because of the impregnation products, as reported by respondents. Conclusion: A high prevalence of inappropriate use of impregnated mosquito nets in fishing practices is highlighted in this study. Interviews in the field revealed that nets are diverted for fishing purposes to increase the volume of catches. Consequently, it will be appropriate to assess the pyrethroid content in water and fishery products.

Evaluation of Agricultural Contamination Level by Heavy Metals and Pesticides in Sediments of Rivers and Water Bodies for Shrimp Fishing in the Lower Ouémé: Case of the Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele Stations in Benin

This study assessed sediment contamination by heavy metals and pesticide active ingredients linked to chemical inputs used in agricultural activities in the lower Ouémé. Pesticide residues from the organochlorine, pyrethroid and organophosphorus families were investigated by gas chromatography, and heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Zn, Fe, Mg, Cr and Hg) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The metallic pollution indices, the contamination factor (CF) and the ecological risk index were calculated. The results revealed 8 active ingredients in the rainy season and 9 in the dry season. Glyphosate was the active ingredient with the highest concentration at all stations, 9.65 ± 0.84 mg/kg recorded in the dry season at the Aguigadji station. All glyphosate values were above the EQS. DDT, Atrazine and Endosulfan also showed high concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons. Emamectin, Abamectin and Lambda Cyhalothrin also showed high concentrations in the dry season at Aguigadji, Ahlan and Sele. Only glyphosate was recorded at the control station (Toho), but in very low concentrations. Lead showed the highest concentrations at all the stations, 265.96 ± 21.02 mg/Kg in the rainy season and 255.38 ± 79.09 mg/Kg in the dry season, all detected at the Aguigadji station and above the EQS. Zn, Ni, Fe, Cu and Cr were all representative in both the dry and rainy seasons at the contaminated stations. Manganese showed high concentrations in the rainy season. Pb showed very high contamination (FC ≥ 6) at the Aguigadji and Ahlan stations and significant contamination (3 ≤ FC 6) at the Sele station in both the rainy and dry seasons. Ni, Hg and Cd, showed either moderate or significant contamination at the contaminated stations. The risk values showed a considerable ecological Ri (190 ≤ Ri < 380) in the rainy season and a moderate ecological Ri (95 ≤ Ri < 190) in the dry season at these contaminated stations.

Molecular cytogenetic analyses of two new wheat-rye 6RL translocation lines with resistance to wheat powdery mildew

Rye(Secale cereale)is a valuable gene donor for wheat improvement,especially for its resistance to diseases.Developing rye-derived resistance sources is important for wheat breeding.In the present study,two wheat-rye derivatives,designated JS016 and JS110,were produced by crossing common wheat cultivar Yangmai 23 with Pakistani rye accession W2A.Using sequential genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)and multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization(mc-FISH),JS016 and JS110 were identified as a T6BS.6RL translocation line and a T6BS.6BL6RL translocation line,respectively.Ten newly 6RL chromosome arm-specific markers were developed and used to confirm the 6RL translocation.The wheat 55K single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)array further verified the molecular cytogenetic identification results above and clarified their breakpoints at 430.9 and 523.0 Mb of chromosome 6B in JS016 and JS110,respectively.Resistance spectrum and allelism test demonstrated that JS016 and JS110 possessed novel powdery mildew resistance gene(s)that was derived from the 6RL translocation but differed from Pm20.Moreover,JS016 and JS110 had better agronomic traits than the previously reported 6RL translocation line carrying Pm20.To efficiently transfer and detect the 6RL translocation from JS016 and JS110,one 6RL-specific Kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP)marker was developed and validated in high throughput marker-assisted selection(MAS).

Study on Net Hauler Safety Device for Fishing Vessels

[Objective] To design a safety device set for fishing vessel net hauler, in order to reduce the severe potential safety hazards in offshore operation. [Method] In view of the operation and structure of net hauler on the fishing trawler, this paper investigated the existing safety protection devices and designed a new set of purely mechanical structure without changing the original structures of the vessel significantly. [Result] Using the easily-adjustable functions of the main shaft of CNC lathe, and simulating the operation performance of different hauling line speeds and testing the safety device, the results showed that the new device could protect the crew from safety accidents caused by net hauler. [Conclusion] The result provides references for the design and application of mechanical protection devices for net haulers on other fishing trawlers.

Identification of Fishing State of Purse Seine Fishing Vessels Based on Multi-Indices

With the popularization of vessel satellite AIS(automatic identification system)equipment and the continuous improve-ment of the AIS data’s coverage,continuity and effectiveness,AIS has become an important data source to study the navigation char-acteristics of vessel groups.This study established an identification model to extract the fishing state and intensity information of fishing vessels,based on the AIS data of purse seine fishing vessels,combined with the variables of vessel position,speed and course.Expert experience,spatial statistics and data mining analysis methods were applied to establish the model,and the Western and Cen-tral Pacific Ocean areas were studied.The results showed that the overall accuracy of identification of the fishing state using Support Vector Machine method is higher,and the method has a good modeling effect.The spatial distribution characteristics of the vessels’fishing intensity based on AIS data showed a significant cluster distribution pattern.The obtained high-intensity fishing area can be used as a prediction of purse seine fishing grounds in the Western and Central Pacific areas.Through the processing and research of AIS data,this study provided important scientific support for the identification of fishing state of purse seine fishing vessels.The spatial fishing intensity of fishing vessels based on AIS data can also be used for the analysis of fishery resources and fishing grounds,and further serve the sustainable development of marine fisheries.

Past and recent advances in sugarcane cytogenetics

The Saccharum genus comprises species with large and variable chromosome numbers, leading to challenges in genomic studies and breeding improvement. Cytogenetics, including classical and molecular approaches, has played a central role in deciphering the genome structure, classification, and evolution of the genus Saccharum. The application of fluorescence in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes significantly improved our understanding of the complex genomes of Saccharum species. This paper reviews the application and progress of cytogenetic techniques in Saccharum. Future applications of cytogenetics are discussed, as they could benefit both genomic studies and breeding of sugarcane as well as other plants with complex genomes.

Comparative analysis and phylogenetic and evolutionary implications of mitogenomes of Chinese Sinocyclocheilus cavefish(Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae)

DEAR EDITOR,Cavefish are of considerable interest due to the remarkable morphological changes that occurred during their adaptation to cave or subterranean river habitats.These changes are thought to involve trade-offs in metabolic requirements and energy utilization.Mitochondria play a vital role in oxygen use and energy metabolism;thus,mitochondrial genes are likely to have experienced specific selective pressures during cavefish evolution.In this study,we assembled and annotated the mitogenome of Sinocyclocheilus sanxiaensis,a typical cavefish species in China.Using this sequence and other available mitogenomes from the NCBI database,we reconstructed an updated phylogeny of Sinocyclocheilus based on 29 species.Five species groups were revealed,with the recently erected S.microphthalmus species group supported.To determine whether divergent selective pressures have acted on the protein-coding genes(PCGs)of the 29 Sinocyclocheilus species exhibiting different morphological features(including eye shape and body color),the fish were classified into three groups according to their cave-related traits.The branch model test revealed higher nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratios(ω)in the cave-dwelling groups,potentially resulting from a balance between adaptive selection and relaxed functional constraints.Sophisticated analysis using site and branch-site models identified 24 highly credible positive selection sites located on nine PCGs,with most sites also showing radical changes in amino acid properties.This study sheds light on the phylogeny and mitogenomic evolution of Sinocyclocheilus cavefish,highlighting their successful adaptation and survival in subterranean environments.

Misdiagnosis of food-borne foreign bodies outside of the digestive tract on magnetic resonance imaging:Two case reports

BACKGROUND Patients with foreign bodies in the digestive tract are often encountered,but complete penetration of a foreign body through the gastrointestinal tract is rare,and the choice of imaging method is very important.Improper selection may lead to missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old man was diagnosed as having a liver malignancy after he took magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography(CT)examinations.The pain improved after the patient accepted gamma knife treatment.However,he was admitted to our hospital 2 mo later due to fever and abdominal pain.This time,he received a contrast-enhanced CT scan,which showed fish-boon-like foreign bodies in the liver with peripheral abscess formation,then he went to the superior hospital for surgery.It lasted for more than 2 mo from the onset of the disease to the surgical treatment.A 43-year-old woman with a 1 mo history of a perianal mass with no obvious pain or discomfort was diagnosed as having an anal fistula with the formation of a local small abscess cavity.Clinical perianal abscess surgery was performed,and fish bone foreign body was found in perianal soft tissue during the operation.CONCLUSION For patients with pain symptoms,the possibility of foreign body perforation should be considered.Magnetic resonance imaging is not comprehensive and that a plain computed tomography scan of the pain area is necessary.

Safety Equipment in Artisanal Maritime Fishing in Gabon: Between Adaptation and the Weight of Socio-Cultural Logics at the Libreville Artisanal Fishing Center (CAPAL)

Maritime safety equipment allows to prevent and minimize the risks inherent to navigation at sea. However, in the artisanal maritime fishery in Gabon, fishermen are confronted with the major difficulty of the inaccessibility of protective tools to carry out fishing trips in all peace of mind. The absence of equipment to help maritime navigation poses the problem of insecurity in which the various artisanal fishermen work, often victims of numerous accidents at sea. This article aims at highlighting the difficulties of accessibility, by the fishermen, of all the conventional protection tools recommended by the administrations. In fact, the methodology used is based on the consultation of official reports and publications on the subject, field observations and semi-structured interviews with 110 actors. The results obtained reveal, on the one hand, a plethora of conventional protective equipment required of fishing vessels. On the other hand, they reveal the high cost of safety equipment which creates, among the professionals concerned, a reluctance to acquire all of the said tools and forces the interested parties to associate them very often with the traditional procedures for rescue at sea.

Fishing Dynamic and Stock Status of Endeavour Shrimp(Metapenaeus ensis de Haan)in Bombana Waters,South-East Celebes

The high market demand for endeavour shrimp(Metapenaeus ensis de Haan)has caused intensive fishing for this resource and tends to threaten their sustainability.Assessment of fishing dynamic and stock status of fisheries resource is the main point to formulate its proper sustainable management in the future.The purpose of this study was to determine the stock status of endeavour shrimp in the Bombana and its surrounding waters.The study was conducted from April to November 2021 using a survey method to analyze the length at first capture(L_(c)),length at first maturity(L_(m)),growth rate(K),maximum theoretical carapace length(Loo),and mortality rate such as total mortality rate(Z),fishing mortality rate(F)and natural mortality rate(M).The study results revealed that the endeavour shrimp growth pattern in Bombana was negative allometric and that the ratio of males and females was not balanced.The length at first capture(L_(c))was 29.83 mm(carapace length)and the length at first maturity(L_(m))was at a total carapace length of 31.67 mm.The growth rate(K)was 1.0 per year and maximum theoretical length(L_(∞))was 46.2 mm.The estimate total mortality rate(Z)was 2.52 per year,the fishing mortality rate(F)and natural mortality rate(M)were 0.91 per year and 1.61 per year respectively.The exploitation rate(E)was 0.36 per year,therefore the stock status is not categorized overfishing.In order to ensure the sustainability of the endeavour shrimp,then the effort must be increased by about 28%of the current effort.

Fishing Production and Fishing Changes in Hong Kong after the Ground Trawl Ban of 31st December 2012:A Geospatial Evaluation

From data published by the Hong Kong SAR(HKSAR)government in their two sole fisheries surveys of 2006 and 2016/2017,the current authors produced regional maps using spatial interpolation to more accurately describe and estimate the geographic coverage of changes in fishing production in Hong Kong waters since the ground trawl ban of 2012 December 31st.These suggest the fishing industry has adapted to smaller craft,and that fishing production increased in several areas in the period after the ground trawl ban came into effect.In addition,the maps enable a smoother assessment to be made of the geospatial changes in fishing production which have occurred since the ground trawl ban and suggest a‘workaround’by fishermen.In particular,small fishing craft known as sampans are able to take advantage by being more suitable vessels for areas such as narrower or shallower bays.Marine plastics pollution is also a proxy indicator of these activities,as evidenced by discarded fishing gear that includes plastic nets,floats,and other fishing boat equipment.

尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常分析

目的探讨尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常病例的FISH检测结果特点与最终活检病理结果的相关性,进一步完善FISH阳性诊断标准。方法收集847例行尿脱落细胞FISH检测,选择其中不符合阳性标准、但存在大量单染色体拷贝的5例作为研究对象,分析它们的临床特征、FISH检测结果特点、脱落细胞学特征和活检组织病理学检测结果。结果观察相应区域100个核异质上皮细胞,例1显示3号染色体3倍体扩增,异常细胞数32个;例2显示17号染色体3倍体扩增,异常细胞数48个;例3显示17号染色体5倍体扩增,异常细胞数56个;例4显示17号染色体单倍体,异常细胞数67个;例5显示p16基因杂合子缺失,异常细胞数61个,其它染色体均无异常。5例活检病理结果均为低级别或高级别乳头状尿路上皮癌。结论在临床实践中,尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常的病例应引起重视,将其归入可疑阳性比较合适,从而能提高尿FISH检测的敏感性,使患者获益。

核型分析联合其他遗传学检测技术在高龄孕妇产前诊断中的应用

目的探讨核型分析联合单核苷酸多态性微阵列技术(single nucleotide polymorphism array,SNP array)或荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)或细菌人工染色体微珠标记技术(BACs on Beads,BoBs)在高龄孕妇产前诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性研究因高龄行产前诊断的930例孕妇,全部行核型分析,联合BoBs检测420例,联合SNP array检测343例,联合FISH检测167例,分析其染色体结果及妊娠结局。结果930例胎儿中,核型异常192例(20.7%),三体综合征中以21-三体居多,性染色体异常中以克氏征居多。在核型联合其他检测中,联合SNP array检测可显著提高胎儿染色体异常检出率,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.191,P=0.013)。对于染色体嵌合体的诊断,核型联合FISH检测可更精准地确定嵌合类型及比例。孤立性高龄胎儿染色体异常风险相对较低,高龄合并无创高危胎儿染色体异常率最高,在高龄合并超声软指标中,随超声软指标数目增多,染色体异常率随之升高(P=0.001)。高龄孕妇年龄与核型异常、非整倍体尤其21三体的发生率呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论孤立性高龄孕妇胎儿染色体异常风险相对较低,高龄合并无创高危胎儿染色体异常的风险高,随超声软指标数目增多、孕妇年龄增长胎儿染色体异常的风险增加,核型联合FISH检测可更精准地确定嵌合类型及比例,核型分析联合其他检测尤其与SNP array技术可显著提高染色体异常检出率,有利于遗传咨询及再生育指导,是高龄孕妇首选的产前诊断方案。

基于FISH和GISH技术的芝麻栽培种和野生种染色体组特征比较分析

为揭示胡麻属物种进化特征,探究胡麻属基因组结构演变及物种进化,促进野生资源的开发利用,以芝麻栽培种豫芝11号和2n=26类型野生种S.alatum 3651为试验材料,采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)和基因组荧光原位杂交(GISH)技术对芝麻栽培种和野生种染色体组特征进行分析。结果表明,芝麻栽培种和野生种均为2n=2x=26类型;rDNA-FISH杂交结果显示,栽培种的13对染色体中,3对染色体(第7、8、9对染色体)的短臂端部携带45S rDNA特异信号,显示为随体特异染色体;2对染色体(第5、11对染色体)的短臂携带5S rDNA特异信号,5S rDNA与45S rDNA信号位于不同染色体上。野生种的13对染色体中,有2对染色体(第4、7对染色体)携带45S rDNA杂交信号,1对染色体(第4对染色体)携带5S rDNA特异信号,5S rDNA与45S rDNA信号位于同一染色体不同位置,表明栽培种与野生种的染色体组特征差异较大。GISH杂交结果显示,分别以栽培种和野生种的基因组DNA作探针与自身染色体杂交,每条染色体上携带不同强弱的杂交信号,而与对方染色体杂交,均表现出极少的杂交信号。芝麻栽培种和野生种具有相同的染色体数目,但染色体rDNA数量、分布及其GISH信号均存在明显差异,说明栽培种和野生种亲缘关系较远。

FISH技术检测乳腺癌HER2基因的质控要点

目的探讨FISH技术检测乳腺癌HER2基因的质控要点。方法收集2022年6月至2023年6月安阳市肿瘤医院病理科乳腺癌HER2 FISH检测样本208例。4例样本检测不合格需重新制片进行HER2 FISH检测,对比前后检测效果。结果4例样本重新制片后在荧光显微镜下显示细胞核内杂交信号清晰,双色信号,背景干净。结论制定和完善FISH技术检测乳腺癌HER2基因的质控要点是保证FISH检测结果的准确性、可靠性和及时性的前提。

伴ETV6-NTRK基因融合的肺非典型类癌1例并文献复习

目的探讨伴ETV6-NTRK基因融合的肺非典型类癌的临床病理学特征。方法回顾性分析1例肺非典型类癌的临床病理学特征,行支气管镜活检,采用免疫组化EnVision法检测蛋白表达,FISH、DNA和RNA二代测序法检测分子学改变,并复习相关文献。结果患者男性,49岁,影像学检查发现左下肺门占位伴肺门和纵隔淋巴结肿大,左侧肋骨病理性骨折。免疫表型:肿瘤细胞pan-TRK、CKpan、Syn、CgA、TTF-1和CK7均(+),SSTR2(个别+),CD56(+/-),Napsin A和p40均(-),Ki67增殖指数约15%;FISH检测ETV6基因和NTRK基因断裂重组;DNA二代测序检测发现IGR(UPSTREAM MCTP2)-ETV6融合,RNA二代测序检测到ETV6-NTRK3融合。NTRK靶向药物治疗后肿瘤明显缩小。结论NTRK基因融合可见于肺神经内分泌肿瘤;晚期肿瘤常规行NTRK免疫组化标记,可筛选NTRK基因改变靶向药物治疗获益的患者。

原发于右侧卵巢的睾丸核蛋白癌1例报道

睾丸核蛋白癌(nuclear protein of the testis carcinoma),即NUT癌,是伴有睾丸核蛋白基因重排的一种极其罕见并且具有高度侵袭性的恶性上皮细胞肿瘤。临床数据显示NUT癌在实体肿瘤的发生率仅为0.21%[1]。NUT癌的中位总体生存期仅为5个月,1年和5年总体生存率分别为24.99%和7.09%。NUT癌最常见的位置是肺部(约占35.3%),其次是头颈部(约占33.6%),纵隔(约占26%)。而原发于腹腔骨盆的只有3例(约占2.5%)[2]。现将本科室收治的1例原发于右侧卵巢(即腹腔骨盆处)的睾丸核蛋白癌女性患儿的临床诊治经过及治疗方案与大家分享,报告如下。