The aim of the study was to examine the effect of Newcomb ball (also known by the name of catchball) training on the physical fitness of women at midlife. One hundred and eighteen women, aged 29 - 45 yrs, were assigne...The aim of the study was to examine the effect of Newcomb ball (also known by the name of catchball) training on the physical fitness of women at midlife. One hundred and eighteen women, aged 29 - 45 yrs, were assigned to an experimental group (EG) or a control group (CG), and completed two similar sets of tests before and after seven months of training. The EG performed two Newcomb ball training sessions per week that included technical and tactical drills with and without the ball, small sided games and full games at different variations. The CG remained non-active throughout the seven months. Leg power, arm power, agility, speed, and aerobic scores were significantly higher for the EG compared to the CG at baseline (<em>p</em> < 0.001 for all). EG showed significant training-related improvement in arm power (5.3 ± 0.9 vs 5.6 ± 0.9 m), agility (10.68 ± 0.95 vs 10.37 ± 0.89 sec), speed (4.11 ± 0.45 vs 4.01 ± 0.33 sec), and aerobic fitness (563 ± 328 vs 680 ± 378 m) (ES = 0.45 – 0.61, <em>p</em> < 0.001 for all), while no significant changes, except for a significant increase in arm power (ES = 0.42, <em>p</em> < 0.05), were found for the CG in any of the other fitness variables. The findings indicate that amateur Newcomb ball training can be used as an efficient and enjoyable tool for fitness development among midlife women.展开更多
Background'. This study sought to explore the dose—response rate/association between aerobic fitness (VC)2max) and self-reported physical activity(PA) and to assess whether this association varies by sex, age, an...Background'. This study sought to explore the dose—response rate/association between aerobic fitness (VC)2max) and self-reported physical activity(PA) and to assess whether this association varies by sex, age, and weight status.Methods. VO2max was assessed using the 20・m shuttle・run test. PA was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ) for Adolescents(aged > 11 years, PAQ-A) or for Children (aged <11 years, PAQ-C). The associations between V02raax and PAQ were analyzed using analysisof covariance (ANCOVA), adopting PAQ and PAQ2 as covariates but allowing the intercepts and slope parameters of PAQ and PAQ2 tovary with the categorical variables sex, age group, and weight status.Results: ANCOVA identified a curvilinear association between VO2max and PAQ, with positive linear PAQ terms that varied for both sex andweight status but with a negative PAQ2 term of —0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI): —0.57 to —0.21) that was common for all groups in regardto age, sex, and weight status. These curvilinear (inverted U) associations suggest that the benefits of increasing PA (same dose) on VO2max isgreater when children report lower levels of PA compared to children who report higher levels of PA. These dose-response rates were alsosteeper for boys and were steeper for lean children compared to overweight/obese children.Conclusion'. Health practitioners should be aware that encouraging greater PA (same dose) in inactive and underweight children will result ingreater gains in V02max (response) compared with their active and overweight/obese counterparts.展开更多
This paper analyses young people's habitual physical activity(HPA) and aerobic fitness(AF) in relation to health and well-being,with reference to previous generations.Data consistently show that more boys than gir...This paper analyses young people's habitual physical activity(HPA) and aerobic fitness(AF) in relation to health and well-being,with reference to previous generations.Data consistently show that more boys than girls experience health-related physical activity(PA) and that both genders experience a decline in HPA during adolescence.The majority of young people(~60%-75%) do not meet the requirements of current health-related PA guidelines but youth HPA appears to have stabilised over the last two decades.Although it does not describe all aspects of AF, peak oxygen uptake(peak VO_2) is recognised as the best single measure of AF.Peak VO_2 is enhanced with age,growth and maturation with increases of~150%and~80%in boys and girls respectively from 8 to 16 years.Boys' values are higher than those of girls throughout childhood and adolescence with the gender difference reaching~35% by age 16 years.There is no compelling evidence to suggest that young people have low levels of peak VO_2 or that they are less aerobically fit than children of previous generations.Despite the relative stability of peak VO_2 there has been a decline of~13%over the last 35 years in young people's ability to perform maximal aerobic exercise which involves the transport of body mass.In their daily lives young people very rarely experience PA of the intensity and duration to enhance AF and peak VO_2 is, at best,only weakly related to current levels of HPA during youth.Low levels of HPA and a marked secular decline in maximal aerobic performance remain major issues in the promotion of youth health and well-being.展开更多
Background:Most studies on physical fitness and detraining have been conducted on normal-weight children.Their results indicate that any gains regress to the untrained control values during the detraining period.It,th...Background:Most studies on physical fitness and detraining have been conducted on normal-weight children.Their results indicate that any gains regress to the untrained control values during the detraining period.It,therefore,seems necessary to determine how detraining affects the different fitness parameters in obese children.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of detraining(6 months)on kinanthropometry and the components of physical fitness after an intervention(31 months)consisting of a program of exercise and/or diet for obese boys.Methods:The participants were 18 boys,aged between 8 and 11 years,divided into E and E+D groups according to the program they followed.The E group followed a physical exercise program(three 90-minute sessions/week),and the E+D group the same physical exercise program plus a low calorie diet.Physical fitness was assessed by the European physical fitness test battery including flamingo balance,plate tapping,sit-andreach,standing broad jump,hand-grip strength,sit-ups,bent-arm hang,10×5-metre shuttle run,and 20-metre endurance shuttle run.The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to reveal overall intergroup differences(E and E+D groups),and measurements showing significant differences were further analysed for differences between individual groups by the Mann-Whitney U test.Results:In both groups,changes were observed in various physical fitness parameters,especially limb speed(E group,P=0.001;E+D group,P=0.002),agility(E group,P<0.001;E+D group,P<0.001),and aerobic fitness(E group,P=0.009;E+D group,P=0.002).Conclusion:Detraining after a long-term intervention based on the combination of exercise program and exercise program plus diet in obese boys does not affect the changes attained during the intervention.展开更多
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the modulatory roles of biological maturity and age on the predictors of performance in youth swimmers and their stability over a six-month training cycle.Methods In tota...Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the modulatory roles of biological maturity and age on the predictors of performance in youth swimmers and their stability over a six-month training cycle.Methods In total,28 swimmers(10 pre-pubertal[6 boys],11.1±1.8 years;18 pubertal[8 boys],15.2±2.0 years old)and 26 untrained controls(15 pre-pubertal[10 boys],9.7±1.5 years;11 pubertal[6 boys],14.4±0.5 years old)were recruited.At baseline,3-and 6-months,participants completed an incremental ramp cycle test,isometric handgrip strength test and countermovement jumps,with speed assessed as a measure of performance in swimmers.Principle component analysis(PCA)identified factors that described youth swimmers’physical profile,with linear mixed models subsequently used to determine their interaction with age and maturity on performance.Results Aerobic fitness and upper body strength were significantly higher in the trained participants,irrespective of maturity status or time-point.Four key factors were identified through PCA(anthropometrics;strength;aerobic capacity;aerobic rate),accounting for 90%of the between parameter variance.Age exerted a widespread influence on swimming performance predic-tors,influencing all four factors,whilst maturity only influenced the aerobic factors.The key age of divergence was 13 years.Conclusion Overall,the present study found no evidence of a maturational threshold in the aerobic or strength-related response to training in youth.The influence of age on performance predictors suggests that utilising a single or select group of parameters to inform selection and/or talent identification throughout the dynamic processes of growth and maturation should be avoided.展开更多
文摘The aim of the study was to examine the effect of Newcomb ball (also known by the name of catchball) training on the physical fitness of women at midlife. One hundred and eighteen women, aged 29 - 45 yrs, were assigned to an experimental group (EG) or a control group (CG), and completed two similar sets of tests before and after seven months of training. The EG performed two Newcomb ball training sessions per week that included technical and tactical drills with and without the ball, small sided games and full games at different variations. The CG remained non-active throughout the seven months. Leg power, arm power, agility, speed, and aerobic scores were significantly higher for the EG compared to the CG at baseline (<em>p</em> < 0.001 for all). EG showed significant training-related improvement in arm power (5.3 ± 0.9 vs 5.6 ± 0.9 m), agility (10.68 ± 0.95 vs 10.37 ± 0.89 sec), speed (4.11 ± 0.45 vs 4.01 ± 0.33 sec), and aerobic fitness (563 ± 328 vs 680 ± 378 m) (ES = 0.45 – 0.61, <em>p</em> < 0.001 for all), while no significant changes, except for a significant increase in arm power (ES = 0.42, <em>p</em> < 0.05), were found for the CG in any of the other fitness variables. The findings indicate that amateur Newcomb ball training can be used as an efficient and enjoyable tool for fitness development among midlife women.
文摘Background'. This study sought to explore the dose—response rate/association between aerobic fitness (VC)2max) and self-reported physical activity(PA) and to assess whether this association varies by sex, age, and weight status.Methods. VO2max was assessed using the 20・m shuttle・run test. PA was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ) for Adolescents(aged > 11 years, PAQ-A) or for Children (aged <11 years, PAQ-C). The associations between V02raax and PAQ were analyzed using analysisof covariance (ANCOVA), adopting PAQ and PAQ2 as covariates but allowing the intercepts and slope parameters of PAQ and PAQ2 tovary with the categorical variables sex, age group, and weight status.Results: ANCOVA identified a curvilinear association between VO2max and PAQ, with positive linear PAQ terms that varied for both sex andweight status but with a negative PAQ2 term of —0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI): —0.57 to —0.21) that was common for all groups in regardto age, sex, and weight status. These curvilinear (inverted U) associations suggest that the benefits of increasing PA (same dose) on VO2max isgreater when children report lower levels of PA compared to children who report higher levels of PA. These dose-response rates were alsosteeper for boys and were steeper for lean children compared to overweight/obese children.Conclusion'. Health practitioners should be aware that encouraging greater PA (same dose) in inactive and underweight children will result ingreater gains in V02max (response) compared with their active and overweight/obese counterparts.
文摘This paper analyses young people's habitual physical activity(HPA) and aerobic fitness(AF) in relation to health and well-being,with reference to previous generations.Data consistently show that more boys than girls experience health-related physical activity(PA) and that both genders experience a decline in HPA during adolescence.The majority of young people(~60%-75%) do not meet the requirements of current health-related PA guidelines but youth HPA appears to have stabilised over the last two decades.Although it does not describe all aspects of AF, peak oxygen uptake(peak VO_2) is recognised as the best single measure of AF.Peak VO_2 is enhanced with age,growth and maturation with increases of~150%and~80%in boys and girls respectively from 8 to 16 years.Boys' values are higher than those of girls throughout childhood and adolescence with the gender difference reaching~35% by age 16 years.There is no compelling evidence to suggest that young people have low levels of peak VO_2 or that they are less aerobically fit than children of previous generations.Despite the relative stability of peak VO_2 there has been a decline of~13%over the last 35 years in young people's ability to perform maximal aerobic exercise which involves the transport of body mass.In their daily lives young people very rarely experience PA of the intensity and duration to enhance AF and peak VO_2 is, at best,only weakly related to current levels of HPA during youth.Low levels of HPA and a marked secular decline in maximal aerobic performance remain major issues in the promotion of youth health and well-being.
基金funded by the European Regional Development Fund(FEDER FUNDS)the Autonomous Government of Extremadura(Junta de Extremadura-Consejería de Infraestructura y Desarrollo Tecnológico)(PRI07B092)+2 种基金supported by grants awarded by the European Social Fundthe Autonomous Government of Extremadura(Junta de Extremadura-Consejería de Economía,Comercio e Innovación)(GR10171 and PO10012,respectively)GA was the recipient of a Research Personnel Training Studentship(FEDERFUNDS-"Una menera de hacer Europa"-Junta de Extremadura-Consejería de Economía,Comercio e Innovacion)(PRE08060)
文摘Background:Most studies on physical fitness and detraining have been conducted on normal-weight children.Their results indicate that any gains regress to the untrained control values during the detraining period.It,therefore,seems necessary to determine how detraining affects the different fitness parameters in obese children.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of detraining(6 months)on kinanthropometry and the components of physical fitness after an intervention(31 months)consisting of a program of exercise and/or diet for obese boys.Methods:The participants were 18 boys,aged between 8 and 11 years,divided into E and E+D groups according to the program they followed.The E group followed a physical exercise program(three 90-minute sessions/week),and the E+D group the same physical exercise program plus a low calorie diet.Physical fitness was assessed by the European physical fitness test battery including flamingo balance,plate tapping,sit-andreach,standing broad jump,hand-grip strength,sit-ups,bent-arm hang,10×5-metre shuttle run,and 20-metre endurance shuttle run.The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to reveal overall intergroup differences(E and E+D groups),and measurements showing significant differences were further analysed for differences between individual groups by the Mann-Whitney U test.Results:In both groups,changes were observed in various physical fitness parameters,especially limb speed(E group,P=0.001;E+D group,P=0.002),agility(E group,P<0.001;E+D group,P<0.001),and aerobic fitness(E group,P=0.009;E+D group,P=0.002).Conclusion:Detraining after a long-term intervention based on the combination of exercise program and exercise program plus diet in obese boys does not affect the changes attained during the intervention.
文摘Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the modulatory roles of biological maturity and age on the predictors of performance in youth swimmers and their stability over a six-month training cycle.Methods In total,28 swimmers(10 pre-pubertal[6 boys],11.1±1.8 years;18 pubertal[8 boys],15.2±2.0 years old)and 26 untrained controls(15 pre-pubertal[10 boys],9.7±1.5 years;11 pubertal[6 boys],14.4±0.5 years old)were recruited.At baseline,3-and 6-months,participants completed an incremental ramp cycle test,isometric handgrip strength test and countermovement jumps,with speed assessed as a measure of performance in swimmers.Principle component analysis(PCA)identified factors that described youth swimmers’physical profile,with linear mixed models subsequently used to determine their interaction with age and maturity on performance.Results Aerobic fitness and upper body strength were significantly higher in the trained participants,irrespective of maturity status or time-point.Four key factors were identified through PCA(anthropometrics;strength;aerobic capacity;aerobic rate),accounting for 90%of the between parameter variance.Age exerted a widespread influence on swimming performance predic-tors,influencing all four factors,whilst maturity only influenced the aerobic factors.The key age of divergence was 13 years.Conclusion Overall,the present study found no evidence of a maturational threshold in the aerobic or strength-related response to training in youth.The influence of age on performance predictors suggests that utilising a single or select group of parameters to inform selection and/or talent identification throughout the dynamic processes of growth and maturation should be avoided.