The sensitivity of the array resistivity log to mud filtrate invasion and its primary five-parameter inversion for improved oil water recognition

In order to improve reservoir fluid recognition, the sensitivity of array resistivity response to the difference of the invasion properties in both oil-bearing layers and water layers is analyzed. Then the primary inversion is carried out based on the array resistivity log. The mud invasion process is numerically simulated based on the oil-water flow equation and water convection diffusion equation. The results show that the radial resistivity of a fresh mud-invaded oil-bearing layer presents complex distribution characteristics, such as nonlinear increase, increasing to decreasing and low resistivity annulus, and the resistive invasion profile of a water layer is monotonic. Under specific conditions, array resistivity log can reflect these changes and the array induction log is more sensitive. Nevertheless, due to the effect of factors like large invasion depth, reservoir physical and oil-bearing properties, the measured apparent resistivity may differ greatly from the actual mud filtrate invasion profile in an oil-bearing layer. We proposed a five-parameter formation model to simulate the complex resistivity distribution of fresh mud-invaded formation. Then, based on the principle of non-linear least squares, the measured array resistivity log is used for inversion with the Marquardt method. It is demonstrated that the inverted resistivity is typically non-monotonic in oil-bearing layers and is monotonic in water layers. Processing of some field data shows that this is helpful in achieving efficient reservoir fluid recognition.

Evaluation and Validation of Equivalent Five-Parameter Model Performance for Photovoltaic Panels Using Only Reference Data

This paper presents the modeling of electrical I-V verification of photovoltaic modules using five-parameter models based on the minimum usage of input data, which are usually provided by manufacturer’s datasheet. However, we vary them with a step of 10-4, the ideality factor between 0.0 and 4 for each iteration in order to choose the value, which gives a minimal relative error of the maximum power point. Moreover, when is known, the other four parameters (i.e., Rs, I0, Iph and Rsh) are known. Finally, the effectiveness of this approach is then validated through comparison of the experimental results data under outdoor weather conditions.

Improved Five-Parameter Exponential-Type Potential Energy Model for Diatomic Molecules

The dissociation energy and equilibrium bond length as explicit parameters are used to establish an improved five-parameter exponential-type potential energy model for diatomic molecules. We demonstrate that the five-parameter exponential-type potential is identical to the Tietz potential for diatomic molecules. It is observed that the improved five-parameter exponential-type potential can well model the internuclear interaction potential energy curve for the ground electronic state of the carbon monoxide molecule by the utilization of the experimental values of three molecular constants.

Identity for the Exponential-Type Molecule Potentials and the Supersymmetry Shape Invariance

The identity and the supersymmetry shape invariance for a class of exponential-type molecule potentials are studied by introducing a deformed five-parameter exponential-type potential (DFPEP) and via the multi-parameter deformations. It has been shown that the DFPEP is a shape-invariant potential with a translation of parameters. By making use of the shape invariance approach, the exact energy levels are determined for the bound states with zero angular momentum. A class of molecule potentials and their exact energy spectra for the zero angular momentum states are reduced from the DFPEP and a general energy spectrum formula, respectively. The interrelations for some molecule potentials are also discussed.

三维五向编织复合材料单胞实体模型及参数化

借助Pro/E软件参数化功能,通过编制参数间关系,实现了三维五向编织复合材料内部单胞模型的参数化设计.在参照模型的基础上,改变尺寸参照,即可快速生成相应的单胞模型,为进一步的力学性能研究提供了便于应用的分析模型.

锥形螺旋叶片参数化建模与五轴刀路生成

根据锥形螺旋叶片的形成,推导出锥形等螺距螺旋线参数建模所用公式,应用CAD软件绘制出螺旋线,通过单截面线双导动线"扫掠"的方法生成螺旋泵所需的螺旋曲面。对叶片进行加工工艺分析,应用多轴加工软件Hyper MILL进行五轴加工工艺规划,选择合适的五轴加工机床、叶片五轴数控加工方法、加工刀具、装夹定位方式、设定五轴高速加工工艺参数,生成螺旋叶片粗加工和精加工的五轴高速加工刀具路径和机床加工代码,有效地减少了加工步骤,提高了螺旋叶片的加工表面质量和加工效率。

A Simplified Simulation Procedure and Analysis of a Photovoltaic Solar System Using a Single Diode Model

A single diode model for a photovoltaic solar module is the most ideal and quick way of analyzing the module characteristics before implementing them in a solar plant. Solar modules manufacturers provide information for three critical points that are essential in I-V, P-V or P-I curves. In this study, we propose four separate simulation procedures to estimate the five-model parameters of an analogous single diode equivalent circuit by utilizing three cardinal points of the photovoltaic module I-V curve, described from experimental data using a solar simulator and manufacturer’s datasheet. The main objective is to extract and use the five unknown parameters of a single diode model to describe the photovoltaic system using I-V ad P-V plots under different environmental conditions. The most influential parameters that greatly alter the cardinal points defined at short circuit point (SCP), the maximum power point (MPP) and the open circuit point(OCP) are the ideality factor (n) and the diode saturation current (Io). For a quick and fast convergence, we have determined the optimal ideality factor (no) and optimal saturation current (Ioopt) as the primary parameters by first assuming the optimal values of Rsh, Rs and Iph at standard test conditions (STC). Further, we evaluated the effects of Iph, Rs and Rsh on I-V and P-V curves by considering the values of n below no. We have evaluated different iterative procedures of determining Rsh and Rs at open-circuit, short-circuit point and the maximum-power points. These procedures have been classified into four approaches that guarantees positive shunt and series resistance for n ≤ no. These approaches have been categorized by deriving the saturation current as a dependent variable at each cardinal point with or without Rs and Rsh pair. The values obtained for the five parameters have been used to simulate the photovoltaic solar module characteristic curves with great precision at different air temperatures and irradiances, considering the effect of Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT).

三维五向及全五向编织复合材料的三单胞结构模型

针对三维五向及全五向编织复合材料,基于四步法编织工艺携纱器的运动规律,研究了各单胞区域纱线的运动轨迹和空间走向,给出了材料内胞、面胞和角胞的纱线拓扑结构。通过给定一系列的位置节点和节点间线性插值函数的方法来描述纱线空间轨迹。考虑纱线间的相互挤压状况,在假设编织纱和轴纱横截面形状分别为扁平椭圆形和正方形的基础上,系统建立了三维五向及全五向编织复合材料的三单胞参数化结构模型。给出了两种编织材料的纤维体积含量计算公式并进行了对比分析,明确了三维全五向编织复合材料的轴向性能优势。分析了三维五向编织材料的表面多胞结构及三维全五向编织材料的内胞截面图,并与实际试件结构进行对比,结果表明本文所建模型合理准确。

Simulating Temporally and Spatially Correlated Wind Speed Time Series by Spectral Representation Method

In this paper,it aims to model wind speed time series at multiple sites.The five-parameter Johnson mdistribution is deployed to relate the wind speed at each site to a Gaussian time series,and the resultant-Z(t)dimensional Gaussian stochastic vector process is employed to model the temporal-spatial correlation of mwind speeds at different sites.In general,it is computationally tedious to obtain the autocorrelation functions Z(t)(ACFs)and cross-correlation functions(CCFs)of Z(t),which are different to those of wind speed times series.In order to circumvent this correlation distortion problem,the rank ACF and rank CCF are introduced to Z(t)characterize the temporal-spatial correlation of wind speeds,whereby the ACFs and CCFs of can be analytically obtained.Then,Fourier transformation is implemented to establish the cross-spectral density matrix Z(t)mof,and an analytical approach is proposed to generate samples of wind speeds at different sites.Finally,simulation experiments are performed to check the proposed methods,and the results verify that the five-parameter Johnson distribution can accurately match distribution functions of wind speeds,and the spectral representation method can well reproduce the temporal-spatial correlation of wind speeds.

Evolution of interface character distribution in duplex stainless steel processed by cross-rolling and annealing

Duplex stainless steel UNS S31803 samples were cross-rolled with a true strain of ε = 2 followed by annealing at 1323 K for 2 min and 240 min, respectively. The distributions of intervariant boundary planes in the precipitated austenite（A） from ferrite（F） and phase boundary planes conforming to Kurdjumov-Sache（K-S） orientation relationship（OR） were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction（EBSD） and the five-para me ter analysis（FPA） method, respectively. The intervariant boundary planes with misorientation angle of 60° around 〈111 〉 and 〈011 〉 occur frequently and tend to terminate on the {111} plane. At the grain size level of 4 μm, the phase boundary appears to be connected with the K-S OR terminating on{110}F ｜｜ {111}A at the early stage of annealing. When the grain size reaches approximately 20 μm, phase boundary was modified into {541}F｜｜{533}A due to twinning in austenite during annealing.