Impact of Action Observation Therapy along with Usual Physiotherapy Intervention of Individual with Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairments in the initial stage, which lead to severe cognitive dysfunction in the later stage. Action observation therapy (AOT) is a multisensory cognitive rehabilitation technique where the patient initially observes the actions and then tries to perform. The study aimed to examine the impact of AOT along with usual physiotherapy interventions to reduce depression, improve cognition and balance of a patient with AD. A 67 years old patient with AD was selected for this study because the patient has been suffering from depression, dementia, and physical dysfunction along with some other health conditions like diabetes and hypertension. Before starting intervention, a baseline assessment was done through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tool, the Mini-Cog Scale, and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The patient received 12 sessions of AOT along with usual physiotherapy interventions thrice a week for four weeks, which included 45 minutes of each session. After four weeks of intervention, the patient demonstrated significant improvement in depression, cognition, and balance, whereas the BDI score declined from moderate 21/63 to mild 15/63 level of depression. The Mini-Cog score improved from 2/5 to 4/5, and the BBS score increased from 18/56 to 37/56. It is concluded that AOT along with usual physiotherapy intervention helps to reduce depression, improve cognition and balance of people with AD.

Effect of psychological nursing interventions on effectiveness and quality of life in schizophrenia patients receiving modified electroconvulsive therapy

BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a common and severe mental disorder characterized by severe thought disturbances,hallucinations,delusions,and emotional instability.For some patients,conventional treatment methods may not effectively alleviate symptoms,necessitating the use of alternative therapeutic approaches.Modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT)is an effective treatment modality for schizophrenia,inducing anti-depressive and antipsychotic effects through the stimulation of brain electrical activity.AIM To explore the impact of psychological nursing intervention(PNI)before and after MECT on the efficacy and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia.METHODS Eighty patients with schizophrenia who received MECT treatment from 2021 to 2023 were randomly divided into two groups:The intervention group(n=40)and the control group(n=40).The intervention group received PNI before and after MECT,while the control group received routine nursing care.The efficacy of MECT was evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)and the Clinical Global Impression Scale(CGI)before and after the treatment.The quality of life was assessed by the Short Form 36 Health Survey(SF-36)after the treatment.RESUITS The intervention group had significantly lower scores of PANSS and CGI than the control group after the treatment(P<0.05).The intervention group also had significantly higher scores of SF-36 than the control group in all domains except physical functioning(P<0.05).CONCLUSION PNI before and after MECT can improve the efficacy and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia.It is suggested that nurses should provide individualized and comprehensive psychological care for patients undergoing MECT to enhance their recovery and well-being.

Minimally invasive interventional therapy for pain

Pain interventional therapy,known as the most promising medical technology in the 21st century,refers to clinical treatment technology based on neuroanatomy,neuroimaging,and nerve block technology to treat pain diseases.Compared with traditional destructive surgery,interventional pain therapy is considered a better and more economical choice of treatment.In recent years,a variety of minimally invasive pain interventional therapy techniques,such as neuroregulation,spinal cord electrical stimulation,intervertebral disc ablation,and intrasheath drug infusion systems,have provided effective solutions for the treatment of patients with post-herpetic neuralgia,complex regional pain syndrome,cervical/lumbar disc herniation,and refractory cancer pain.

A Case of Target Immunotherapy Combined with Interventional Therapy for Massive Liver Cancer

This article reports a case of massive hepatocellular carcinoma. After intervention combined with targeted and immunotherapy, it was successfully cured by surgical resection, which provides some experience for the comprehensive treatment of liver cancer, and also improves the understanding of systematic treatment of liver cancer, so as to improve the understanding and diagnosis of the disease.

Magnesium metal and its corrosion products:Promising materials for tumor interventional therapy

Magnesium is generally known to degrade in aqueous environments by an electrochemical reaction.The corrosion products of magnesium include hydrogen gas,Mg^(2+),and Mg(OH)_(2).Here,we summarize the published literature describing the corrosion characteristics of magnesium,and the antitumor properties of magnesium-associated corrosion products,aiming to induce the therapeutic properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys in solid tumors.The therapeutic potential of corrosion products of magnesium is enormous.Hydrogen gas exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,which amount to potential anti-tumor characteristics.Mg(OH)_(2),which creates a localized alkaline microenvironment,represents a second approach for anti-tumor therapy with magnesium metal.Upregulated concentrations of Mg^(2+)ions in the local tumor microenvironment remodelling are considered a third approach for anti-tumor therapy.Therefore,we speculate about the different physical forms of magnesium that could create an anti-tumor microenvironment upon tumor interventional therapy,a technique that precisely places anti-tumor implants like particles and stents.Finally,we present our viewpoints on the potential use of magnesium in diverse solid tumor therapies to inhibit tumor progression.

Medical and interventional therapy of Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon associated with Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma:A case report

An infant with Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon(KMP)presented with a giant subcutaneous mass in the right lower limb,severe hypofibrinogenemia,and thrombocytopenia.Glucocorticoids,along with supportive treatments including transfusion of blood products and clotting factors,were administered to reverse fatal disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute hemolysis.The glucocorticoid dose was tapered slowly,and sirolimus was added to treat the hemangiomas.The patient subsequently underwent interventional therapy.After 6 months of medical and interventional therapy,the patient was doing well with a normal platelet count,the tumor volume was markedly reduced,and the primary cutaneous lesion became pale pink.Currently,the patient remains on sirolimus,and no recurrence of thrombocytopenia or further growth of the mass was observed after six months of follow-up.

The history of interventional therapy for liver cancer in China

In China interventional therapy of liver cancer started in the 1980s. It is well-known that Professor Lin Gui is the founding father of Interventional radiology. Under the leadership of Lin Gui and other professors, interventional therapy of liver cancer has swiftly progressed in China. Indeed, TAI, TAE, TACE and ablation therapy have witnessed great innovations in hardware facil ities, technical means, and therapeutic philosophy, while incorporating Chinese characteristics. As with the development of combined interventional therapy in China, interventional treatment of liver cancer has gradually started the process of precision and individualization. Actually, multidisciplinary, multimodal, and polymorphic treatments will be the most suitable pattern for liver cancer in the future, among which combination of interventional therapy with targeted, immunological treatments and information technology(IT) tools may bring a revolutionary breakthrough in liver cancer treatment.

Consensus among Chinese experts on standard interventional therapy for deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity(second edition)

This is an update on the first edition of the expert consensus. This document discusses the indications and contraindications of interventional treatment methods for deep venous thrombosis such as anticoagulation, catheter-directed thrombolysis, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation. The operational procedures, considerations, preoperative management, and prevention of complications were also updated, supplemented, and revised. Emphasis is placed on the interventional treatment of acute and subacute deep venous thrombosis to effectively reduce the incidence of post-thrombosis syndrome.

Influence of lactulose on interventional therapy for HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism

Objective: To investigate the influence of lactulose on immunity of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism after double-interventional therapies. Methods: A total of 40 HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism, hospitalized during January 2013 to June 2014, were enrolled and randomized into control group and observation group. Both groups received partial splenic embolization combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Besides, observation group orally took lactulose 30 m L/d. Four days before interventional therapies and at day 1, 3, 7 and 14 after therapies, fasting venous blood was collected to detect white blood cell count, red blood cell count(RBC), and platelet count(PLT). Four days before therapies and at day 7 and 14 after therapies, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, malondialdehyde, super-oxide dismutase(SOD), IFN-α, and IL-4 as well as the distribution of T cell subsets in peripheral blood were tested. Complications were observed after interventional therapies. Results: Before interventional therapies the levels of white blood cell count, PLT and RBC in both groups showed no difference, while after interventional therapies the levels of PLT and RBC in both groups showed an increasing tendency(P<0.05). At day 14 after interventional therapies, the level of blood cell as well as that of SOD, IFN-α and IL-4 in serum were significantly higher than that before therapies; meanwhile, the levels of alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin of observation group after therapies were significantly lower than before and control group(P<0.05), the levels of CD4+/CD8+, SOD and IFN-α were all higher than before and control group(P<0.05). Conclusions: Oral administration of lactulose could adjust the imbalance of oxidation system/antioxidant system in HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism after interventional therapies, and improve the antitumor immunity and prognosis.

Composite Configuration Interventional Therapy Robot for the Microwave Ablation of Liver Tumors

The existing interventional therapy robots for the microwave ablation of liver tumors have a poor clinical applicability with a large volume, low positioning speed and complex automatic navigation control. To solve above problems, a composite configuration interventional therapy robot with passive and active joints is developed. The design of composite configuration reduces the size of the robot under the premise of a wide range of movement, and the robot with composite configuration can realizes rapid positioning with operation safety. The cumulative error of positioning is eliminated and the control complexity is reduced by decoupling active parts. The navigation algo- rithms for the robot are proposed based on solution of the inverse kinematics and geometric analysis. A simulation clinical test method is designed for the robot, and the functions of the robot and the navigation algorithms are verified by the test method. The mean error of navigation is 1.488 mm and the maximum error is 2.056 mm, and thepositioning time for the ablation needle is in 10 s. The experimental results show that the designed robot can meet the clinical requirements for the microwave ablation of liver tumors. The composite configuration is proposed in development of the interventional therapy robot for the microwave ablation of liver tumors, which provides a new idea for the structural design of medical robots.

Application of ozone therapy in interventional medicine

Ozone therapy has been gradually accepted by doctors in various fields because it has been safe, convenient, and inexpensive since the twentieth century. It has been used in the treatment of various diseases with satisfactory results, especially in the application of interventional surgery. For lumbar disc herniation, knee osteoarthritis,tissue ischemia-reperfusion after revascularization, stroke, and cancer, ozone therapy can improve the efficacy of interventional surgery and reduce postoperative acute and chronic complications. Prospects of ozone therapy in interventional therapy and the underlying mechanisms of efficacy need further exploration.

Role of serum lactate dehydrogenase levels in evaluating efficacy of interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the role of serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) levels in evaluating the efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) for primary liver cancer.Methods A total of 52 patients with liver cancer admitted in our hospital(Huangzhou District People's Hospital, Huanggang, China) from June 2015 to December 2017 were selected and divided into control group(LDH of ≤ 450 U/L, n = 26) and observation group(LDH of > 450 U/L, n = 26), based on the pretreatment level of LDH. Based on the changes in serum LDH levels before and after treatment, patients were classified into two groups: LDH increased group(22 cases) and LDH decreased group(30 cases). The relationship between LDH levels and efficacy of TACE treatment was analyzed in the four groups retrospectively. Results No significant difference was seen in the clinical characteristics(gender, median age, performance status Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, and staging system) between the control and observation groups. The efficacy rate in the control group was 57.7%, whereas that in the observation group was 42.3%(P > 0.05). The 1-year survival rate in the observation group was 53.8% and that in the control group was 84.6%(P < 0.05).Conclusion Serum LDH levels may be of clinical value in evaluating the efficacy of TACE in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Effect of medical care linkage-continuous management mode in patients with posterior circulation cerebral infarction undergoing endovascular interventional therapy

BACKGROUND Acute cerebral infarction is a severe type of ischemic stroke that can be divided into anterior circulation cerebral infarction and posterior circulation cerebral infarction(PCCI).PCCI affects the structure of the posterior circulation brain,because posterior part of the brain,which has more complex anatomical structures and more prone to posterior circulation vascular variation.Therefore,improving the prognosis of PCCI patients is necessary.AIM To explore the effect of medical care linkage-continuous management mode(MCLMM)on endovascular interventional therapy(EIT)for PCCI.METHODS Sixty-nine patients with PCCI who received EIT and conventional nursing intervention were selected as the control group,and 78 patients with PCCI who received EIT and MCLMM intervention were selected as the observation group.The incidence of postoperative complications,compliance and disease selfmanagement behavior after six months of intervention,modified Rankin scale(mRS)and Barthel index(BI)scores in the acute phase and after one year of intervention,and recurrence within one year were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The total incidence rate of postoperative complications in the observation group(7.69%)was lower than that in the control group(18.84%)(P<0.05).The scores for medical compliance behavior(regular medication,appropriate diet,and rehabilitation cooperation rates)and disease self-management behavior(self-will,disease knowledge,and self-care ability)in the observation group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After one year of intervention,in the observation group,the mRS score was significantly lower,and the BI score was significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The recurrence rate within one year in the observation group(3.85%)was significantly lower than that in the control group(13.04%)(P<0.05).CONCLUSION MCLMM can reduce the incidence of complications after EIT for PCCI,improve patient compliance behavior and disease self-management ability,and promote the recovery of neurological function.

Efficacy and Safety of Transdermal Fentanyl(TDF)in Treatment of Pain Caused by Interventional Embolization Therapy

Objective： Interventional embolization therapy is well accepted in cancer treatment, but patient may suffer from a moderate-to-severe pain after therapy and its quality of life （QoL） is influenced, this study is to observe the efficacy and safety of transdermal fentanyl （TDF） in the management of pain caused by interventional embolization therapy. Methods： Morphine 10mg and TDF 25μg/h were immediately used in 52 patients who had moderate-to-severe pain complicated by interventional embolization therapy, the pain intensity was evaluated by visual analogue scale （VAS）. If VAS≥4 at t2 h after treatment, the dosage of TDF added into 50 μg/h. At 0h, 12h, 24h, 72h, 1 week, 2 weeks after TD, the vas and adverse events were observed respectively. Result： There was an obvious decrease in VAS at 12h after TDF treatment in the patients of which only 9 patients used 50ug/h dosage after partial splenic embolization （PSE） therapy. Most patients got satisfactory pain relief both the TDF 25 μg/h and TDF 50 μg/h group （VAS 0-1）. The adverse events were nausea, vomiting and dizzy, especially in the TDF 50 μg/h group. No respiratory depression was observed and only one patient got retention of urine. Conclusion： TDF was effective and safe in the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain after interventional embolizafion therapy.

Expert consensus on interventional therapy for traumatic splenic bleeding

This study aims to introduce the diagnosis and treatment processes of traumatic splenic bleeding and explain its emergency,medical,interventional,and surgical treatments.Furthermore,this study aims to summarize the indications and contraindications of splenic artery embolization,interventional procedures,and precautions of complications.

In advanced pancreatic cancer: The value and significance of interventional therapy

Pancreatic cancer is famous as“the king of cancer”due to its high degree of malignancy,rapid course of disease development,and poor prognosis.Relevant epidemiological studies have indicated that with improvement in people’s standard of living,the morbidity and mortality of pancreatic cancer has increased.At the same time,the disease shows an obvious upward trend worldwide.Pancreatic cancer has become a major public health problem that seriously affects the life and health of people.The present review focuses on the recent advances in interventional therapy such as transcatheter arterial infusion,radiofrequency ablation,microwave ablation,and irreversible electroporation of pancreatic cancer.

Studies on Lung Cancer Angiogenesis-Application of Interventional Therapy (A Report of 56 Cases)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance of angiogenesis of lung cancer, in order to provide a scientific basis for interventional therapy. METHODS Double-phase enhancementscanning spiral CT and DSA were performed in 56 pathologically confi rmed lung cancer cases, in order to evaluate angiogenesis of the tumors. The patients included 36 males and 20 females, with ages ranging from 33 to 76 years (average of 53). Assessments and indexes for SCT and DSA examinations were as follows: a) Peak value (PV) of the cancerous focus was the difference between the maximum CT value after enhancement and the CT value of a plain scan; b) The abnormally distorted and expanded new vessels of the cancerous focus which could be macroscopically discriminated; c) DSA staining of the focus of cancer was sparse, grid-like and dense. Chemotherapy and embolotherapy via the bronchial artery (interventional therapy) were conducted. Radiotherapy was added for some of the solid tumors with a diameter exceeding 4 cm. RESULTS a) There were 25 cases with a central-type lesion, among which 4 were small cell lung cancers (SCLC) and 21 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). The cases with a peripheral location accounted for 31 of the total, with a maximum diameter of 1.5 to 13.5 cm and a median of 4.2 cm, including 5 small cell lung cancers and 26 NSCLC cases. b) The reinforced PVs of the cancerous foci were as follows: The PV ranged from 45 to 70 Hu in 34 cases, 25 to 45 Hu in 19, and 10 to 25 Hu in 3. Sparse DSA staining occurred in 3 cases, there was uneven grid-like staining in 22 and dense staining in 31; c) The interventional therapy via the bronchial artery was con-ducted twice in 5 cases with the SCLC, and three times in 4 SCLC cases. For 3 of the latter cases, a dose of 5,000 to 7,000 cGy radiation therapy was added during the interventional treatment. Complete remissions (CR) were seen in 88.9% of the cases (8/9) and partial remission (PR) in 11.1% (1/9). Interventional therapy was conducted twice in 8 cases with NSCLC and three times in 30 with NSCLC and four times in 9 cases. Among the total cases, 13 received radiotherapy during interventional therapy, with a radiation dose of 5,000-7,000 cGy; The CR rate was 78.7% (37/47), PR was 14.9% (7/47) and the rate of non-remission was 6.4% (3/47). CONCLUSION Using imaging technology, analysis of angiogenesis of lung cancers was employed to accurately detect and quantify angiogenesis. This analysis was combined for interventional therapy, using embolizing agents and large doses of the anti-tumor drugs and angiogenesis inhibitors. The agents were selectively delivered into the tumor vessels to eliminate the primary tumor, in order to depress distant metastases and thus enhance the curative effect of the therapy.

Comparison of therapeutic effectiveness of combined interventional therapy for 1126 cases of primary liver cancer

瞄准：为肝细胞癌(HCC ) 验证联合 interventional 治疗的效果。方法：接待了的 1126 个 HCC 病人的临床的数据为 transcatheter 联合了 interventional 治疗动脉的 chemoembolization (不作声)在肝切除术前后，不作声并且无线电频率脱离( RFA )在以后，中国药治疗和简历治疗不作声或 transcatheter 动脉的注入(傣族)，根据他们的肝函数， alpha-fetoprotein ，图象数据， color-ultrasonography 发现和幸存率的结果被考察。结果：874 个病人的一个总数被跟随在上面为 2 ～ 63 瞬间的一个时期。年幸存评估的全面的 1- ， 3- 和 5- 分别地是 67.8% ， 28.7% 和 18.8% 。接待了的病人的幸存率不作声的 1-3- 和 5- 年是 74.7% ， 41.4% ， 36.9% 在肝切除术前并且 78.9% ， 40.4% ， 37.5% 在肝切除术以后。有效的率(PR + NC ) 在以后不作声并且 RFA 是 93.4% ， 1- 和 3- 年幸存率是 74.5% 和 36.8% 在以后不作声并且 RFA。PR + NC 在以后的有效的率不作声是 83.2% 。年幸存评估的 1- ， 3- 和 5- 是 69.3% ， 21.7% ， 8.4% 在以后不作声。PR + NC 的有效的率在傣族是 27.5% 以后， 1- 和 2- 年幸存率在傣族以后是 11.6% 和 0% 。肝功能， color-ultrasonography 发现和 alpha-fetoprotein 在以后不作声 + RFA，不作声，傣族被比较。在每个索引在之间没有有效差量不作声并且 RFA 或象在肝功能在之间一样不作声不作声并且 RFA 或在之间不作声并且傣族。结论：治疗学的有效性在肝切除术前后不作声，是很重要的效果不作声并且 RFA 比的好不作声，并且傣族的效果是最小的。

Pathologically successful conversion hepatectomy for advanced giant hepatocellular carcinoma after multidisciplinary therapy:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of death due to its complexity,heterogeneity,rapid metastasis and easy recurrence after surgical resection.We demonstrated that combination therapy with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE),hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC),Epclusa,Lenvatinib and Sintilimab is useful for patients with advanced HCC.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old man who was infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV)30 years previously was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain.Enhanced computed tomography(CT)revealed a low-density mass in the right lobe of the liver,with a volume of 12.9 cm×9.4 cm×15 cm,and the mass exhibited a“fast-in/fast-out”pattern,with extensive filling defect areas in the right branch of the portal vein and an alpha-fetoprotein level as high as 657 ng/mL.Therefore,he was judged to have advanced HCC.During treatment,the patient received three months of Epclusa,three TACE treatments,two HAIC treatments,three courses of sintilimab,and twenty-one months of lenvatinib.In the third month of treatment,the patient developed severe side effects and had to stop immunotherapy,and the Lenvatinib dose had to be halved.Postoperative pathological diagnosis indicated a complete response.The patient recovered well after the operation,and no tumor recurrence was found.CONCLUSION Multidisciplinary conversion therapy for advanced enormous HCC caused by HCV infection has a significant effect.Individualized drug adjustments should be made during any treatment according to the patient's tolerance to treatment.

Role of interventional therapy in hepatic artery stenosis and non-anastomosis bile duct stricture after orthotopic liver transplantation

AIM: To analyze the clinical manifestations and the effectiveness of therapy in patients with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)-associated hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) and non-anastomosis bile duct stricture. METHODS: Nine cases were diagnosed as HAS and non-anastomosis bile duct stricture. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed in four HAS cases, and expectant treatment in other fi ve HAS cases; percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage, balloon dilation, stent placement were performed in all nine cases. RESULTS: Diffuse intra-and extra-bile duct stricture was observed in nine cases, which was associated with bile mud siltation and biliary infection. Obstruction of the bile duct was improved obviously or removed. Life span/ follow-up period was 13-30 mo after PTA of four HAS cases, 6-23 mo without PTA of other fi ve cases. CONCLUSION: Progressive, non-anastomosis, and diffuse bile duct stricture are the characteristic manifestations of HAS and non-anastomosis bile duct stricture after OLT. These are often associated with bile mud siltation, biliary infection, and ultimate liver failure. Interventional therapy is signifi cantly benefi cial.