A computational study on the enhancement of the second harmonic generation(SHG)in one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystals is presented.The mathematical model is derived from a nonlinear system of Maxwell’s equations,whi...A computational study on the enhancement of the second harmonic generation(SHG)in one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystals is presented.The mathematical model is derived from a nonlinear system of Maxwell’s equations,which partly overcomes the shortcoming of some existing models based on the undepleted pump approximation.We designed an iterative scheme coupled with the finite element method which can be applied to simulate the SHG in one dimensional nonlinear photonic band gap structures in our previous work.For the case that the nonlinearity is strong which is desirable to enhance the conversion efficiency,a continuation method is introduced to ensure the convergence of the iterative procedure.The convergence of our method is fast.Numerical experiments also indicate the conversion efficiency of SHG can be significantly enhanced when the frequencies of the fundamental and the second harmonic wave are tuned at the photonic band edges.The maximum total conversion efficiency available reaches more than 50%in all the cases studied.展开更多
Plant leucine-rich repeat(LRR)receptor-like kinases(RLKs)and LRR receptor-like proteins(RLPs)comprise a large family of cell surface receptors that play critical roles in signal perception and transduction.Both LRR-RL...Plant leucine-rich repeat(LRR)receptor-like kinases(RLKs)and LRR receptor-like proteins(RLPs)comprise a large family of cell surface receptors that play critical roles in signal perception and transduction.Both LRR-RLKs and LRR-RLPs rely on regulatory LRR-RLKs to initiate downstream signaling pathways.BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1/SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 3(BAK1/SERK3)and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1(SOBIR1)are important and extensively studied regulatory LRR-RLKs with distinct functions.Although the regulatory mechanism of BAK1 activation has been studied in detail,the activation mechanism of SOBIR1 remains poorly understood.Here,the crystal structures of the catalytically inactive kinase domain of SOBIR1(SOBIR1-KD)from Arabidopsis thaliana were determined in complexes with AMP-PNP and Mg^(2+).The results show that SOBIR1-KD contains a uniquely long β3-αC loop and adopts an Src-like inactive conformation with an unusual architecture at the activation segment,which comprises three helices.Biochemical studies revealed that SOBIR1 is transphosphorylated by BAK1 following its autophosphorylation via an intermolecular mechanism,and the phosphorylation of Thr529 in the activation segment and the β3-αC loop are critical for SOBIR1 phosphorylation.Further functional analysis confirmed the importance of Thr529 and the β3-αC loop for the SOBIR1-induced cell death response in Nicotiana benthamiana.Taken together,these findings provide a structural basis for the regulatory mechanism of SOBIR1 and reveal the important elements and phosphorylation events in the special stepwise activation of SOBIR1-KD,the first such processes found in regulatory LRR-RLKs.展开更多
Nowadays,TFT-LCD manufacturing has become a very complex process,in which many different products being manufactured with many different tools.The ability to predict the quality of product in such a high-mix system is...Nowadays,TFT-LCD manufacturing has become a very complex process,in which many different products being manufactured with many different tools.The ability to predict the quality of product in such a high-mix system is critical to developing and maintaining a high yield.In this paper,a statistical method is proposed for building a virtual metrology model from a number of products using a high-mix manufacturing process.Stepwise regression is used to select ＂key variables＂ that really affect the quality of the products.Multivariate analysis of covariance is also proposed for simultaneously applying the selected variables and product effect.This framework provides a systematic method of building a processing quality prediction system for a high-mix manufacturing process.The experimental results show that the proposed quality prognostic system can not only estimate the critical dimension accurately but also detect potentially faulty glasses.展开更多
基金supported by the fundamental research funds for the central universities(BUPT2009RC0706)the Project 11001030 supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China+3 种基金the open fund of key laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications(Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications)of Ministry of Educationsupported in part by the NSF grants DMS-0604790,DMS-0908325,CCF-0830161,EAR-0724527,and DMS-0968360the ONR grant N00014-09-1-0384a special research grant from Zhejiang University.
文摘A computational study on the enhancement of the second harmonic generation(SHG)in one-dimensional(1D)photonic crystals is presented.The mathematical model is derived from a nonlinear system of Maxwell’s equations,which partly overcomes the shortcoming of some existing models based on the undepleted pump approximation.We designed an iterative scheme coupled with the finite element method which can be applied to simulate the SHG in one dimensional nonlinear photonic band gap structures in our previous work.For the case that the nonlinearity is strong which is desirable to enhance the conversion efficiency,a continuation method is introduced to ensure the convergence of the iterative procedure.The convergence of our method is fast.Numerical experiments also indicate the conversion efficiency of SHG can be significantly enhanced when the frequencies of the fundamental and the second harmonic wave are tuned at the photonic band edges.The maximum total conversion efficiency available reaches more than 50%in all the cases studied.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571963).
文摘Plant leucine-rich repeat(LRR)receptor-like kinases(RLKs)and LRR receptor-like proteins(RLPs)comprise a large family of cell surface receptors that play critical roles in signal perception and transduction.Both LRR-RLKs and LRR-RLPs rely on regulatory LRR-RLKs to initiate downstream signaling pathways.BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1/SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 3(BAK1/SERK3)and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-1(SOBIR1)are important and extensively studied regulatory LRR-RLKs with distinct functions.Although the regulatory mechanism of BAK1 activation has been studied in detail,the activation mechanism of SOBIR1 remains poorly understood.Here,the crystal structures of the catalytically inactive kinase domain of SOBIR1(SOBIR1-KD)from Arabidopsis thaliana were determined in complexes with AMP-PNP and Mg^(2+).The results show that SOBIR1-KD contains a uniquely long β3-αC loop and adopts an Src-like inactive conformation with an unusual architecture at the activation segment,which comprises three helices.Biochemical studies revealed that SOBIR1 is transphosphorylated by BAK1 following its autophosphorylation via an intermolecular mechanism,and the phosphorylation of Thr529 in the activation segment and the β3-αC loop are critical for SOBIR1 phosphorylation.Further functional analysis confirmed the importance of Thr529 and the β3-αC loop for the SOBIR1-induced cell death response in Nicotiana benthamiana.Taken together,these findings provide a structural basis for the regulatory mechanism of SOBIR1 and reveal the important elements and phosphorylation events in the special stepwise activation of SOBIR1-KD,the first such processes found in regulatory LRR-RLKs.
基金Project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.60904053)the Research Startup Foundation of Excellent Talents in Jiangsu University(No.08JDG046)
文摘Nowadays,TFT-LCD manufacturing has become a very complex process,in which many different products being manufactured with many different tools.The ability to predict the quality of product in such a high-mix system is critical to developing and maintaining a high yield.In this paper,a statistical method is proposed for building a virtual metrology model from a number of products using a high-mix manufacturing process.Stepwise regression is used to select ＂key variables＂ that really affect the quality of the products.Multivariate analysis of covariance is also proposed for simultaneously applying the selected variables and product effect.This framework provides a systematic method of building a processing quality prediction system for a high-mix manufacturing process.The experimental results show that the proposed quality prognostic system can not only estimate the critical dimension accurately but also detect potentially faulty glasses.
