Evaluation of the Level of Mercury Pollution in the Sediments of the Rivers Draining the Gold Panning Sites in the Territory of Fizi, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

The sediments collected respectively from the Etó, Kacumvi, Kimbi, Lubichako, Makungu, Kuwa, Mandje, Misisi and Kimuti Rivers draining the gold panning sites in the Fizi territory were studied during a 16-month cycle (August and December 2016 to August and December 2017) in order to assess their degree of mercury pollution in the dry season as well as in the rainy season. The assessment of the degree of pollution of the said sediments focused on six parameters including the total mercury content (THg) and the indices of mercury pollution such as the mercury enrichment factor (EF), the mercury contamination factor (CF), the mercury geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the mercury potential ecological risk factor (PERF) and the mercury ecological risk index (ERI). Total mercury was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) while the mercury pollution indices were successively calculated using the appropriate formulas. The results thus obtained revealed that all the sediments of the rivers studied are considerably polluted by mercury according to the values relative to their total mercury content and mercury pollution indices, including the mercury enrichment factor (EF), the mercury contamination factor (CF), the mercury geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the mercury potential ecological risk factor (PERF) and the mercury ecological risk index (ERI), which greatly exceed the standards recommended by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. In particular, the sediments of the Kimbi River are highly polluted by mercury compared to those of other rivers studied. This reported pollution is the result of anthropogenic gold panning activities that generate effluents and elemental mercury that pollute the streams.

麻黄附子甘草汤配伍过程中炮附子生物碱成分的变化研究

利用电喷雾串联质谱方法(ESI-MS/MSn)和内标法分析麻黄附子甘草汤方剂中二萜类生物碱种类和含量的变化,通过拆方研究了麻黄、甘草对附子生物碱的影响规律,揭示了麻黄附子甘草汤的配伍内涵。研究表明,麻黄、甘草单独与炮附子配伍时能够通过化学和物理作用减少热解型单酯型生物碱的含量,并生成脂型生物碱,但方剂组合后有效成分热解型单酯型生物碱的含量增加。结合初步药效学实验表明,热解型单酯型生物碱是具有明显的抗炎作用,说明炮附子在复方中发挥抗炎作用的主要成分可能为热解型单酯型生物碱,同时复方的整体配伍利于有效成分的转化。

《伤寒杂病论》中附子的功用及减毒方法探析

目的:探讨《伤寒杂病论》中附子的功用及减毒方法。方法:依据历代医家论述张仲景《伤寒杂病论》中附子回阳救逆、补火助阳、散寒止痛等功效的应用及常用药对的配伍机理,并结合现代研究成果对附子的减毒方法进行理论探讨。结果:减毒方法归结为炮制、煎煮、剂量、服法。结论:仲景在附子的应用上除注意炮制外,常遵循逐量而加、因人而异的用药原则,常依据患者年龄、体质、病程、病势给予适当剂量,且中病即止。

附子理中汤合四神丸治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(脾肾阳虚证)的临床疗效及对患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的影响

目的:探讨附子理中汤合四神丸治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(脾肾阳虚证)的临床疗效及对患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的影响。方法:选择本院治疗的60例腹泻型肠易激综合征(脾肾阳虚证)患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组与治疗组各30例,对照组给予西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加服附子理中汤合四神丸治疗,两组疗程均为14 d。观察两组治疗前及治疗14 d后对临床症状积分、生活质量、炎性因子水平,并统计两组的疗效和复发率情况。结果:治疗组患者的临床疗效总有效率为96.67%,明显高于对照组的76.67%。两组治疗后临床症状积分、生活质量与治疗前比较均明显降低(P<0.05);且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗后血清TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8水平较治疗前均明显降低(P<0.05);且治疗组低于对照组(P<0.05)。经治疗后分别对有效患者进行半年内复发情况随访,治疗组的复发率17.2%,对照组为65.5%,治疗组的复发率低于对照组,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:附子理中汤合四神丸治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(脾肾阳虚证)的疗效确切且安全,能够改善临床症状,提高患者生活质量,减轻炎症反应,并能降低患者血清中TNF-α,IL-6和IL-8水平。