Global Change in Agricultural Flash Drought over the 21st Century

Agricultural flash droughts are high-impact phenomena, characterized by rapid soil moisture dry down. The ensuing dry conditions can persist for weeks to months, with detrimental effects on natural ecosystems and crop cultivation. Increases in the frequency of these rare events in a future warmer climate would have significant societal impact. This study uses an ensemble of 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP) models to investigate the projected change in agricultural flash drought during the 21st century. Comparison across geographical regions and climatic zones indicates that individual events are preceded by anomalously low relative humidity and precipitation, with long-term trends governed by changes in temperature, relative humidity, and soil moisture. As a result of these processes, the frequency of both upperlevel and root-zone flash drought is projected to more than double in the mid-and high latitudes over the 21st century, with hot spots developing in the temperate regions of Europe, and humid regions of South America, Europe, and southern Africa.

Flash阵列无效块管理

Flash阵列在当今数据存储领域占据着重要地位,提高Flash阵列可靠性的关键在于提出合理的坏块管理方法。针对固有坏块,提出基于整合块的坏块管理方法和基于EEPROM查找表的坏块管理方法。对于在使用过程中出现的突发坏块,提出基于页跳过和页替换的突发坏块管理方法。经过实验分析表明坏块管理方法提高了NAND Flash数据存储的可靠性,在保证存储速度的情况下对NAND Flash存储空间得到最大化利用。

基于有限状态机的电口模块Flash初始化系统设计与实现

在10GBASE-T RJ45 SFP+模块生产过程中,常用的生产方式是在贴片前对Flash进行烧录,当出现固件更新、烧录出错的情况时,模块无法方便地实现反复烧录。分析并提出了一种基于有限状态机的初始化系统,并在自主设计的模块中进行了实验验证。在上位机之中存储固件数据,并对初始化流程进行整体控制;在MCU之中完成一个有限状态机,并通过MDIO控制PHY芯片,将数据写入到Flash之中,同时通过CRC完成固件数据的校验。测试结果表明,该系统能够实现模块在贴片后的重复烧录工作,减少88.55%的返工时间。

第3代双源CT-Turbo-Flash扫描模式下高心率CCTA成像可行性分析

目的:探讨分析第3代西门子CT Turbo Flash扫描模式下行高心率冠状动脉CT血管成像(CCTA)检查的可行性。方法:选取2022年4月—2023年5月于扬州大学附属医院行CCTA检查80例患者为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为A、B两组,每组40例。A组采用第3代双源CT前瞻性心电门控Turbo Flash模式扫描,B组采用第3代双源CT行回顾性心电门控模式扫描,评估两组图像主动脉根部(AR)、左冠状动脉主干(LM)、右冠状动脉(RCA)CT值、图像信噪比(SNR)、图像对比噪声比(CNR),以及CT图像质量主观评分与有效辐射剂量(ED)。结果:两组AR、LM、RCA图像的CT值、SNR和CNR以及LAD图像的CT值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而LAD图像的SNR、CNR比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组ED高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。两组图像质量主观评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:高心率患者于Turbo Flash扫描模式下行CCTA检查的图像质量基本可用于冠状动脉评价,且辐射剂量较低。

Flash片内数据的高速回读系统设计

针对导弹飞行后数据记录装置的部分接口受损而无法顺利回读飞行数据的问题,研发了可以高速回读存储芯片片内数据的Flash读写设备,在FPGA内置的LVDS收发器基础上利用Aurora协议设计了每通道速率可达1.5625 Gb/s的高速并行收发链路,以及在串/并转换的基础上设计了传输速度较慢的备用串行读数链路。系统实现了高速读数接口和备用读数接口皆可顺利将Flash芯片片内的数据无丢帧地回读传输至测试台进行评估、分析、利用,具有硬件设计简单、回读数据方便快捷的特点。

适用于Flash型FPGA的宽范围输出负压电荷泵设计

在Flash型FPGA的编程、擦除和回读检验等操作中,需要对Flash单元提供不同的正负高压偏置。提出一种适用于Flash型FPGA的负压电荷泵,该电荷泵采用三阱Flash工艺,消除了衬偏效应和衬底漏电的影响。电荷泵主体采用双支路并联结构,级数为6级。通过参考电压产生电路提供不同的输入参考电压,并结合电荷泵控制系统,可以实现电荷泵输出电压的自由调节,满足Flash型FPGA编程、擦除的负压要求。基于0.13μm Flash工艺对电荷泵进行设计及流片,在200 pF负载电容下,实测得到-5.5 V输出的建立时间仅为8μs,输出纹波为72 mV,-17.5 V输出的建立时间为30μs,输出纹波仅为56 mV,满足Flash型FPGA操作要求。

质子FLASH放射治疗的研究进展和未来方向

质子FLASH放射治疗由于其潜在的正常组织保护特性,可以显著提高放射治疗的增益比。质子FLASH放疗作为一种新兴的放疗技术,其生物学机制尚未阐明。当前已开展的相关研究显示,质子FLASH照射对正常组织毒性有明显的抑制作用,可以显著提高对正常组织的保护效应。在肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力方面,质子FLASH照射与常规剂量率质子放疗相比也并无显著差异。本文归纳了当前质子FLASH放疗的研究进展,并对FLASH放疗当前面临的问题和未来的方向进行了总结展望,旨在为后续质子FLASH放疗的临床应用提供参考。

“双微”教学模式在中职Flash动画制作课程教学中的应用探究

Flash动画制作课程不仅是中职计算机专业的基础课程,更是中职动画类专业的核心课程。与传统教学模式相比,采用微视频与微项目相结合的“双微”教学模式更具优势,符合中职学生学习的需要,也得到了Flash动画制作课程相关教师的认可。文章在论述“双微”教学模式内涵的基础上,构建了“双微”教学模式实施流程和学习评价体系。并分析了其在中职Flash动画制作课程教学中应用的价值,以期进一步提升中职Flash动画制作课程教学效能。

Experimental investigation of spectral evolution in flash radiation by hypervelocity impact on aluminum plates

In this study,a series of hypervelocity impact tests were carried out based on a two-stage light gas gun,and the sequence spectrum and radiation evolution data of the impact products under different impact conditions were obtained.The diameter of the projectile is 3-5 mm,the impact velocity is 3.13-6.58 km/s,and the chamber pressure is 0.56-990 Pa.The spectrum of ejected debris cloud in the 250-310 nm band were obtained using a transient spectral measurement system and a multi-channel radiometer measurement system.The test results reveal that the flash radiation intensity increases as a power function with the kinetic energy of the impact.Furthermore,the peak value of the line spectrum decreases as the chamber vacuum degree increases,while the radiation width gradually expands.The line spectrum in the spectral characterization curve corresponds to the ejected debris clouds splitting phase,which does not produce significant line spectrum during material fragmentation and is dominated by the continuum spectrum produced by blackbody radiation.There will appear one or three characteristic peaks in the flash radiation time curve,the first and second peaks correspond to the penetration phase and the third peak corresponds to the expansion phase of the ejected debris clouds on the time scale,the first and second peaks are more sensitive to the chamber vacuum degree,and when the pressure is higher than 99 Pa,the first and second characteristic peaks will disappear.The radiant heat attenuation of the flash under different impact conditions is significantly different,the attenuation exponent has a power function relationship with the impact velocity and the chamber vacuum degree,while the attenuation exponent has a linear relationship with the diameter of the projectile,the specific expression of the attenuation exponent is obtained by fitting.The findings from this research can serve as a valuable reference for remote diagnostic technologies based on flash radiation characteristics.

New process for treating boron-bearing iron ore by flash reduction coupled with magnetic separation

Boron is an important industrial raw material often sourced from minerals containing different compounds that cocrystallize,which makes it difficult to separate the mineral phases through conventional beneficiation.This study proposed a new treatment called flash reduction-melting separation(FRMS)for boron-bearing iron concentrates.In this method,the concentrates were first flash-reduced at the temperature under which the particles melt,and the slag and the reduced iron phases disengaged at the particle scale.Good reduc-tion and melting effects were achieved above 1550℃.The B_(2)O_(3) content in the separated slag was over 18wt%,and the B content in the iron was less than 0.03wt%.The proposed FRMS method was tested to investigate the effects of factors such as ore particle size and tem-perature on the reduction and melting steps with and without pre-reducing the raw concentrate.The mineral phase transformation and morphology evolution in the ore particles during FRMS were also comprehensively analyzed.

Systematic analysis and modeling of the FLASH sparing effect as a function of dose and dose rate

Ultrahigh-dose-rate radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)is a revolutionary radiotherapy technology that can spare normal tissues without compromising tumor control.Although qualitative experimental results have been reported,quantitative and systematic analysis of data is necessary.Particularly,the FLASH effect response model to the dose or dose rate is still unclear.This study investigated the relationships between the FLASH effect and experimental parameters,such as dose,dose rate,and other factors by analyzing published in vivo experimental data from animal models.The data were modeled based on logistic regression analysis using the sigmoid function.The model was evaluated using prediction accuracy,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the ROC curve.Results showed that the FLASH effect was closely related to the dose,mean dose rate,tissue type,and corresponding biological endpoints.The dose rate corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering cognitive protection in the brain was 45 Gy s^(-1).The dose rate corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering intestinal crypt survival and regeneration was 140 Gy s^(-1).For the skin toxicity effect,the dose corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering the FLASH effect was 24 Gy.This study helps to characterize the conditions underlying the FLASH effect and provides important information for optimizing experiments.

Optimized operation scheme of flash-memory-based neural network online training with ultra-high endurance

With the rapid development of machine learning,the demand for high-efficient computing becomes more and more urgent.To break the bottleneck of the traditional Von Neumann architecture,computing-in-memory(CIM)has attracted increasing attention in recent years.In this work,to provide a feasible CIM solution for the large-scale neural networks(NN)requiring continuous weight updating in online training,a flash-based computing-in-memory with high endurance(10^(9) cycles)and ultrafast programming speed is investigated.On the one hand,the proposed programming scheme of channel hot electron injection(CHEI)and hot hole injection(HHI)demonstrate high linearity,symmetric potentiation,and a depression process,which help to improve the training speed and accuracy.On the other hand,the low-damage programming scheme and memory window(MW)optimizations can suppress cell degradation effectively with improved computing accuracy.Even after 109 cycles,the leakage current(I_(off))of cells remains sub-10pA,ensuring the large-scale computing ability of memory.Further characterizations are done on read disturb to demonstrate its robust reliabilities.By processing CIFAR-10 tasks,it is evident that~90%accuracy can be achieved after 109 cycles in both ResNet50 and VGG16 NN.Our results suggest that flash-based CIM has great potential to overcome the limitations of traditional Von Neumann architectures and enable high-performance NN online training,which pave the way for further development of artificial intelligence(AI)accelerators.

Investigations on High-Speed Flash Boiling Atomization of Fuel Based on Numerical Simulations

Flash boiling atomization(FBA)is a promising approach for enhancing spray atomization,which can generate a fine and more evenly distributed spray by increasing the fuel injection temperature or reducing the ambient pressure.However,when the outlet speed of the nozzle exceeds 400 m/s,investigating high-speed flash boiling atomization(HFBA)becomes quite challenging.This difficulty arises fromthe involvement ofmany complex physical processes and the requirement for a very fine mesh in numerical simulations.In this study,an HFBA model for gasoline direct injection(GDI)is established.This model incorporates primary and secondary atomization,as well as vaporization and boilingmodels,to describe the development process of the flash boiling spray.Compared to lowspeed FBA,these physical processes significantly impact HFBA.In this model,the Eulerian description is utilized for modeling the gas,and the Lagrangian description is applied to model the droplets,which effectively captures the movement of the droplets and avoids excessive mesh in the Eulerian coordinates.Under various conditions,numerical solutions of the Sauter mean diameter(SMD)for GDI show good agreement with experimental data,validating the proposed model’s performance.Simulations based on this HFBA model investigate the influences of fuel injection temperature and ambient pressure on the atomization process.Numerical analyses of the velocity field,temperature field,vapor mass fraction distribution,particle size distribution,and spray penetration length under different superheat degrees reveal that high injection temperature or low ambient pressure significantly affects the formation of small and dispersed droplet distribution.This effect is conducive to the refinement of spray particles and enhances atomization.

基于FPGA的FLASH存储器三温功能测试系统设计

由于大容量FLASH存储器全地址功能测试时间较长,在自动化测试设备(ATE)上进行高低温测试时,长时间使用热流罩会导致测试设备运行异常。为把存储器测试过程中耗时最长的全地址功能测试部分从ATE机台上分离出来,设计一个基于FPGA的驱动板卡,结合MSCAN和Checkerboard算法实现了对被测芯片激励信号的施加;然后,设计一个12工位的驱动板卡,实现了在三温条件下的多芯片同步测试;接着,设计一个基于Qt的上位机软件,实现了对测试结果的实时显示与存储;最后,对2 GB大容量FLASH存储器进行测试验证。测试结果表明,与传统的ATE测试相比,基于驱动板和工位板的测试系统可实现对大容量FLASH的全地址功能的高低温测试,且工位板具有的高可扩展性可实现多芯片的同步测试,大幅提高了测试效率。

基于USB 3.0的NAND FLASH数据存储设计

由于目前采用的串口和USB 2.0检测坏块、实现数据读取的方法存在数据读取慢以及数据稳定性低的问题,而在高速大容量存储装置设计中,存储器通常采用NAND FLASH,故提出一种基于USB 3.0总线的NAND FLASH数据存储设计。采用FPGA作为逻辑主控单元,选用USB 3.0芯片CYUSB3014作为FPGA与上位机的通信桥梁,并在FPGA软件上设计ECC数据校验纠错以及NAND FLASH的坏块管理。用户可通过上位机实现数据读取、擦除以及分析。实验结果表明,所设计系统可通过USB 3.0接口将NAND FLASH中存储的数据传输到上位机,传输速度实际可达39 MB/s。

Accuracy of FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes who migrated from highlands to plains

BACKGROUND The FreeStyle Libre flash glucose monitoring(FGM)system entered the Chinese market in 2017 to complement the self-monitoring of blood glucose.Due to its increased usage in clinics,the number of studies investigating its accuracy has increased.However,its accuracy has not been investigated in highland populations in China.AIM To evaluate measurements recorded using the FreeStyle Libre FGM system compared with capillary blood glucose measured using the enzyme electrode method in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D)who had migrated within 3 mo from highlands to plains.METHODS Overall,68 patients with T2D,selected from those who had recently migrated from highlands to plains(within 3 mo),were hospitalized at the Department of Endocrinology from August to October 2017 and underwent continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)with the FreeStyle Libre FGM system for 14 d.Throughout the study period,fingertip capillary blood glucose was measured daily using the enzyme electrode method(Super GL,China),and blood glucose levels were read from the scanning probe during fasting and 2 h after all three meals.Moreover,the time interval between reading the data from the scanning probe and collecting fingertip capillary blood was controlled to<5 min.The accuracy of the FGM system was evaluated according to the CGM guidelines.Subsequently,the factors influencing the mean absolute relative difference(MARD)of this system were analyzed by a multiple linear regression method.RESULTS Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the fingertip and scanned glucose levels were positively correlated(R=0.86,P=0.00).The aggregated MARD of scanned glucose was 14.28±13.40%.Parker's error analysis showed that 99.30%of the data pairs were located in areas A and B.According to the probe wear time of the FreeStyle Libre FGM system,MARD_(1 d) and MARD_(2-14 d) were 16.55%and 14.35%,respectively(t=1.23,P=0.22).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that MARD did not correlate with blood glucose when the largest amplitude of glycemic excursion(LAGE)was<5.80 mmol/L but negatively correlated with blood glucose when the LAGE was≥5.80 mmol/L.CONCLUSION The FreeStyle Libre FGM system has good accuracy in patients with T2D who had recently migrated from highlands to plains.This system might be ideal for avoiding the effects of high hematocrit on blood glucose monitoring in populations that recently migrated to plains.MARD is mainly influenced by glucose levels and fluctuations,and the accuracy of the system is higher when the blood glucose fluctuation is small.In case of higher blood glucose level fluctuations,deviation in the scanned glucose levels is the highest at extremely low blood glucose levels.

Temperature field calculation of rail flash welding

The forging stage of rail flash welding has a decisive influence on joint strength,and the study of the temperature distribution in the process has an important role in further improving joint strength.In this paper,three calculation methods for the temperature field are given.First,the finite element model of the temperature field before forging rail flash welding is established by using the transient heat module of Ansys software and verified by infrared temperature measurement.Second,the temperature distribution of different parts of the rail before flash welding is obtained by using infrared thermal imaging equipment.Third,Matlab software is used to calculate the temperature of the non-measured part.Finally,the temperature distribution function along the rail axis is fitted through the temperature measurement data.The temperature distribution before the top forging of the rail flash welding can be used to analyze the joint and heat-affected zone organization and properties effectively and to guide the parameter setting and industrial production.

基于Flash混合存储的数据迁移技术研究

混合存储系统内的数据结构较为混乱,为提高数据迁移效率,减少其响应时间,设计基于Flash混合存储的数据迁移技术。综合比较Flash存储器、固态硬盘存储器以及磁盘存储器的存储效果,对存储介质进行缓存分层,整理其在同层结构与分层结构中的读写顺序;计算文件的时间长度值,获取文件读写频率以及单位时间内的文件访问量,计算文件预期价值,并得到相应的约束条件,由此建立数据价值评定模型,设计数据迁移算法。实验结果表明,在邮件负载条件下效果更好,在不同时段内,响应时间均不超过3 s,因此该数据迁移技术的响应时间较短,性能较好。

浅谈Flash动画在中学物理教学中的应用

随着信息技术的飞速发展,各种电教手段被广泛应用于教育领域,Flash动画就是其中之一。在中学物理教学改革中引入Flash动画,能够增强教学的趣味性和直观性,提升学生对物理知识的构建效率,改变单一、被动的学习模式。文章主要分析Flash动画在中学物理教学中的应用价值,根据物理课程目标和教学需求,探索Flash动画的应用路径和方法,旨在创新教学资源和手段,驱动学生物理核心素养的形成和发展。

Flash角色动画控制系统的设计与测试分析

本文探究了Flash角色动画控制系统的设计要点,并对其功能、性能和人机交互进行了测试。该系统基于Actionscript3.0开发,通过显示器、键盘、鼠标等I/O设备实现用户与系统的交互,利用API接口将用户编辑的指令发送给图形管理器、输入管理器等设备,完成角色创建与移动、音乐的播放与停止等操作;操作信息和运行信息被保存在数据库中。在Windows10环境下进行了黑盒测试,从测试情况看,该系统用户界面美观友好、简洁清晰,角色创建与拖动,关键帧动画播放以及运动模拟等功能均可正常实现,并且系统实时反馈效果较好,较好地满足了设计要求。