This paper presents an investigation to evaluate the reading speed and reading comprehension of non-native English speaking students by presenting a simple analytical model. For this purpose, various readability softw...This paper presents an investigation to evaluate the reading speed and reading comprehension of non-native English speaking students by presenting a simple analytical model. For this purpose, various readability softwares were used to estimate the average grade level of the given texts. The relationship between the score obtained by the students and their reading speed under average grade level 9 and 14 using font size 12 and 14 is presented. The experimental results show that the reading speed and the score versus the students may be explained by a linear regression. Reading speed decreases as the score decreases. The students with a higher magnitude of reading speed scored better marks. More importantly, we find that the reading speed of our students is lower than the native English speakers. This approach of modeling the readability in linear form significantly simplifies the readability analysis.展开更多
基于Coxhead研发的学术词汇表(Academic Word List/AWL),文章分析了《新编大学英语综合教程》(第3版)课文的AWL覆盖率,以期验证此套教材语言学术性。研究发现:此套教材介于通用英语与学术英语之间,更倾向于通用英语;一至四册之间AWL覆...基于Coxhead研发的学术词汇表(Academic Word List/AWL),文章分析了《新编大学英语综合教程》(第3版)课文的AWL覆盖率,以期验证此套教材语言学术性。研究发现:此套教材介于通用英语与学术英语之间,更倾向于通用英语;一至四册之间AWL覆盖率遵循了循序渐进的趋势;课文之间AWL覆盖率差异较大,但整体呈螺旋上升的趋势;课文AWL覆盖率与语言难度有很强的相关性。研究成果对大学英语教材选用和修订有较高的参考价值。展开更多
Background The One Health approach involves collaboration across several sectors,including public health,veterinary and environmental sectors in an integrated manner.These sectors may be disparate and unrelated,howeve...Background The One Health approach involves collaboration across several sectors,including public health,veterinary and environmental sectors in an integrated manner.These sectors may be disparate and unrelated,however to succeed,all stakeholders need to understand what the other stakeholders are communicating.Likewise,it is important that there is public acceptance and support of One Health approaches,which requires effective communication between professional and institutional organisations and the public.To help aid and facilitate such communication,written materials need to be readable by all stakeholders,in order to communicate effectively.There has been an exponential increase in the publication of papers involving One Health,with<5 per year,in the 2000s,to nearly 500 published in 2023.To date,readability of One Health information has not been scrutinised,nor has it been considered as an integral intervention of One Health policy communication.The aim of this study was therefore to examine readability of public-facing One Health information prepared by 24 global organisations.Methods Readability was calculated using Readable software,to obtain four readability scores[(ⅰ)Flesch Reading Ease(FRE),(ⅱ)Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level(FKGL),(ⅲ)Gunning Fog Index and(ⅳ)SMOG Index]and two text metrics[words/sentence,syllables/word]for 100 sources of One Health information,from four categories[One Health public information;PubMed abstracts;Science in One Health(SOH)abstracts(articles);SOH abstracts(reviews)].Results Readability of One Health information for the public is poor,not reaching readability reference standards.No information was found that had a readability of less than 9th grade(around 14 years old).Mean values for the FRE and FKGL were(19.4±1.4)(target>60)and(15.6±0.3)(target<8),respectively,with mean words per sentence and syllables per word of 20.5 and 2.0,respectively.Abstracts with“One Health”in the title were more difficult to read than those without“One Health”in the title(FRE:P=0.0337;FKGL:P=0.0087).Comparison of FRE and FKGL readability scores for the four categories of One Health information[One Health public information;PubMed abstracts;SOH abstracts(articles);SOH abstracts(reviews)]showed that SOH abstracts from articles were easier to read than those from SOH reviews.No One Health public-facing information from the 100 sources examined met the FKGL target of≤8.The most easily read One Health information required a Grade Level of 9th grade(14-15 years old),with a mean Grade Level of 15.5(university/college level).Conclusion Considerable work is required in making One Health written materials more readable,particularly for children and adolescents(<14 years of age).It is important that any interventions or mitigations taken to support better public understanding of the One Health approach are not ephemeral,but have longer lasting and legacy value.Authors of One Health information should consider using readability calculators when preparing One Health information for their stakeholders,to check the readability of their work,so that the final material is within recommended readability reference parameters,to support the health literacy and stakeholder-directed knowledge of their readers.展开更多
文摘This paper presents an investigation to evaluate the reading speed and reading comprehension of non-native English speaking students by presenting a simple analytical model. For this purpose, various readability softwares were used to estimate the average grade level of the given texts. The relationship between the score obtained by the students and their reading speed under average grade level 9 and 14 using font size 12 and 14 is presented. The experimental results show that the reading speed and the score versus the students may be explained by a linear regression. Reading speed decreases as the score decreases. The students with a higher magnitude of reading speed scored better marks. More importantly, we find that the reading speed of our students is lower than the native English speakers. This approach of modeling the readability in linear form significantly simplifies the readability analysis.
文摘基于Coxhead研发的学术词汇表(Academic Word List/AWL),文章分析了《新编大学英语综合教程》(第3版)课文的AWL覆盖率,以期验证此套教材语言学术性。研究发现:此套教材介于通用英语与学术英语之间,更倾向于通用英语;一至四册之间AWL覆盖率遵循了循序渐进的趋势;课文之间AWL覆盖率差异较大,但整体呈螺旋上升的趋势;课文AWL覆盖率与语言难度有很强的相关性。研究成果对大学英语教材选用和修订有较高的参考价值。
文摘Background The One Health approach involves collaboration across several sectors,including public health,veterinary and environmental sectors in an integrated manner.These sectors may be disparate and unrelated,however to succeed,all stakeholders need to understand what the other stakeholders are communicating.Likewise,it is important that there is public acceptance and support of One Health approaches,which requires effective communication between professional and institutional organisations and the public.To help aid and facilitate such communication,written materials need to be readable by all stakeholders,in order to communicate effectively.There has been an exponential increase in the publication of papers involving One Health,with<5 per year,in the 2000s,to nearly 500 published in 2023.To date,readability of One Health information has not been scrutinised,nor has it been considered as an integral intervention of One Health policy communication.The aim of this study was therefore to examine readability of public-facing One Health information prepared by 24 global organisations.Methods Readability was calculated using Readable software,to obtain four readability scores[(ⅰ)Flesch Reading Ease(FRE),(ⅱ)Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level(FKGL),(ⅲ)Gunning Fog Index and(ⅳ)SMOG Index]and two text metrics[words/sentence,syllables/word]for 100 sources of One Health information,from four categories[One Health public information;PubMed abstracts;Science in One Health(SOH)abstracts(articles);SOH abstracts(reviews)].Results Readability of One Health information for the public is poor,not reaching readability reference standards.No information was found that had a readability of less than 9th grade(around 14 years old).Mean values for the FRE and FKGL were(19.4±1.4)(target>60)and(15.6±0.3)(target<8),respectively,with mean words per sentence and syllables per word of 20.5 and 2.0,respectively.Abstracts with“One Health”in the title were more difficult to read than those without“One Health”in the title(FRE:P=0.0337;FKGL:P=0.0087).Comparison of FRE and FKGL readability scores for the four categories of One Health information[One Health public information;PubMed abstracts;SOH abstracts(articles);SOH abstracts(reviews)]showed that SOH abstracts from articles were easier to read than those from SOH reviews.No One Health public-facing information from the 100 sources examined met the FKGL target of≤8.The most easily read One Health information required a Grade Level of 9th grade(14-15 years old),with a mean Grade Level of 15.5(university/college level).Conclusion Considerable work is required in making One Health written materials more readable,particularly for children and adolescents(<14 years of age).It is important that any interventions or mitigations taken to support better public understanding of the One Health approach are not ephemeral,but have longer lasting and legacy value.Authors of One Health information should consider using readability calculators when preparing One Health information for their stakeholders,to check the readability of their work,so that the final material is within recommended readability reference parameters,to support the health literacy and stakeholder-directed knowledge of their readers.
