A CuNi/C Nanosheet Array Based on a Metal–Organic Framework Derivate as a Supersensitive Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor

Bimetal catalysts are good alternatives for nonenzymatic glucose sensors owing to their low cost, high activity, good conductivity, and ease of fabrication. In the present study, a self-supported CuNi/C electrode prepared by electrodepositing Cu nanoparticles on a Ni-based metal–organic framework(MOF) derivate was used as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The porous construction and carbon scaffold inherited from the Ni-MOF guarantee good kinetics of the electrode process in electrochemical glucose detection. Furthermore, Cu nanoparticles disturb the array structure of MOF derived films and evidently enhance their electrochemical performances in glucose detection. Electrochemical measurements indicate that the CuNi/C electrode possesses a high sensitivity of17.12 mA mM^(-1) cm^(-2), a low detection limit of 66.67 nM,and a wider linearity range from 0.20 to 2.72 mM. Additionally, the electrode exhibits good reusability, reproducibility, and stability, thereby catering to the practical use of glucose sensors. Similar values of glucose concentrations in human blood serum samples are detected with our electrode and with the method involving glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; the results further demonstrate the practical feasibility of our electrode.

A novel sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor

Cu nanoclusters were electrochemically deposited on the film of a Nafion-solubilized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (CNTs-GCE), which fabricated a Cu-CNTs composite sensor (Cu-CNTs-GCE) to detect glucose with non-enzyme. The linear range is 7.0 × 10?7 to 3.5 × 10?3 mol/L with a high sensitivity of 17.76 μA/(mmol L), with a low detection limit 2.1 × 10?7 mol/L, fast response time (within 5 s), good reproducibility and stability.

Non-enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on Porous Foam Au/MXene Nanocomposites

A novel electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on three-dimensional Au/MXene nanocomposites was developed.MXenes were prepared using the mild etched method,and the porous foam of Au nanoparticles was combined with the MXene by means of in situ synthesis.By controlling the mass of MXene in the synthesis process,porous foam with Au nanoparticles was obtained.The three-dimensional foam structure of nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy.Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to study the electrochemical performance of the Au/MXene nanocomposites.The Au/MXene nanocomposites acted as a fast redox probe for nonenzymatic glucose oxidation and showed good performance,including a high sensitivity of 22.45μA·(mmol/L)^(-1)·cm^(-1)and a wide linear range of 1-12 mmol/L.Studies have shown that MXene as a catalyst-supported material is beneficial to enhance the conductivity of electrons and increase the loading rate of the catalyst materials.The foam structure with Au nanoparticles can provide a larger surface area,increase the contact area with the molecule in the catalytic reaction,and enhance the electrochemical reaction signal.In summary,this study shows that Au/MXene nanoparticles have the potential to be used in non-enzymatic glucose sensors.

Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on the Novel Flower Like Morphology of Nickel Oxide

In this study, novel nickel oxide (NiO) flowers like nanostructures were fabricated onto gold coated glass substrate by hydrothermal method using high alkaline pH medium. The structural study of nickel oxide nanostructures was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray differaction (XRD) techniques. Nickel oxide nanostructures are highly dense, uniform and possess good crystalline quality. The so prepared structures were investigated for their electrochemical properties by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric techniques. The nickel oxide flower like morphology has shown good electrochemical performances for the oxidation of glucose. The presented sensing material was able to detected glucose in a wide range of concentration of 0.001 mM to 8 mM with a high sensitivity (123 μmA/mM) and regression coefficient of 0.99. Moreover, the NiO nanostructures based sensor is highly reproducible, stable, exhibiting a fast response time and selective in the response. All the obtained results indicate the potential use of this material in the development of enzyme free sensors for the detection of glucose.

Highly-dispersed iron element decorated nickel foam synthesized by an acid-free and one-pot method for enzyme-free glucose sensor

The highly-dispersed iron element decorated Ni foam was prepared by simple immersion in a ferric nitrate solution at room temperature without using acid etching, and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), EDAX spectrum(EDAX mapping) and Raman spectroscopy. The EDAX spectrum illustrated that iron element was highly-dispersed over the entire surface of nickel foam, and the Raman spectroscopy revealed that both Ni-O and Fe-O bonds were formed on the surface of the as-prepared electrode. Moreover, the iron element decorated Ni foam electrode can be used as non-enzymatic glucose sensor and it exhibits not only an ultra-wide linear concentration range of 1-18 mmol/L with an outstanding sensitivity of 1.0388 m A·mmol/(L·cm2), but also an excellent ability of stability and selectivity. Therefore, this work presents a simple yet effective approach to successfully modify Ni foam as non-enzymatic glucose sensor.

Protein Templated Au-CuO Bimetallic Nanoclusters toward Neutral Glucose Sensing

In this study,the application of bovine serum albumin(BSA)as a carrier to glucose-sensitive materials for the detection of glucose was proposed.Au-Cu O bimetallic nanoclusters(Au-Cu O/BSA)were prepared using BSA as a template,the new sensing material(Au-Cu O/BSA/MWCNTs)was synthesized by mixing with multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT)and applied to non-enzymatic electrochemical sensors to detect glucose stably and effectively under neutral condition.The scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite.The electrochemical properties of the sensor were studied by cyclic voltammetry.Glucose detection experiments show that Au-Cu O/BSA/MWCNTs/Au electrode has good glucose detection ability,stability,accuracy,repeatability,and high selectivity in neutral environment.Unlike existing glucose-sensitive materials,due to the use of BSA,the composite material is firmly fixed to the electrode surface without a Nafion solution,which reduces the current blocking effect on the modified electrode.The composite materials can be effectively preserved for extremely long periods,higher than 80%activity is maintained at room temperature in a closed environment for 3 to 4 months,due to the special effects of BSA.In addition,the feasibility of using BSA in glucose-sensitive materials is confirmed.

Facile synthesis of CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)prickly-sphere-like composite for non-enzymatic glucose sensors

In the field of glucose sensors,the development of inexpensive and high-efficiency electrochemical glucose sensors is the current research hotspot.In this paper,CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)composite with a prickly-sphere-like morphology is prepared by the facile hydrothermal method for the non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose detection.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spec-troscopy,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to analyze the structure,composition,and morphology of the material.In addition,the electrochemical catalytic perfor-mance of CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)to glucose is obtained by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.The excellent elec-trochemical sensing performance may be attributed to the large number of catalytic sites in the prickly-sphere-like composite and the synergistic effect of Cu and Co.Under an applied voltage of 0.55 V,CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)composite shows sensitivity to glucose(1503.45μA·(mmol·L^(-1))^(-1)-cm^(-2)),a low detection limit(21.95μmol·L^(-1)),excellent selectivity,a high level of reproducibility,and good sta-bility.This indicates that the CuO-Co_(3)O_(4)composite has a broad prospect of non-enzymatic glucose sensing application.

Electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on nano-composite of Co3O4 and multiwalled carbon nanotube

Nanocomposite of Co3O4 and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MCNT) was synthesised using one step solvothermal method, and an electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor (Co3O4-MCNT/GCE) was successfully constructed by a dropping method. The obtained Co3O4 and Co3O4- MCNT were characterized and investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Quantitative analysis of glucose was performed using the amperometric (i–t) method, and plot of current difference versus concentration of glucose was linear in the range of 1.0–122μmol/L, with a linear correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.9983 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.28μmol/L. Sensitivity of this sensor was evaluated as 2550μA L mmol^-1 cm^-2. This new sensor produced satisfactory reproducibility and stability and was applied to monitor trace amounts of glucose in human serum samples.

Sandwich structure confined gold as highly sensitive and stable electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensor with low oxidation potential

The preparation of highly sensitive and stable non-enzymatic glucose sensors is critical to the prevention and treatment of diabetes.Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH is prepared through a spontaneous galvanic displacement reaction.A series of structural characterizations testify the successful formation of Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co FeLDH electrocatalyst,with the Au intercalating between Fe_(3)O_(4)and LDH to form the sandwich structure.Cyclic voltammetry tests indicate that Au is responsible for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose.The characterizations of the electrochemical sensor for glucose detection indicate that Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co FeLDH possesses high sensitivity of 6342μA m M^(-1)cm^(-2),with an extremely low oxidation potential of 0.82 V vs.RHE.Even with the high glucose concentration of 15 m M,the sensitivity remains at 4359μA m M^(-1)cm^(-2).Due to the broad linear detection range(0.0375 to 15.64 m M)and the low limit of detection(12.7μM),Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH is applicable towards practical application.Thanks to the sandwich structure,which confines the Au in between Fe_(3)O_(4)and Co Fe-LDH,the Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH glucose sensor shows high long-term stability and satisfactory selectivity.The successful synthesis of the sandwichstructured Fe_(3)O_(4)@Au@Co Fe-LDH provides a new conception for the design of highly sensitive and stable non-enzymatic glucose electrodes.

Reusable electrochemical non-enzymatic glucose sensors based on Au-inlaid nanocages

Mass detection of glucose,which is required in many applications,remains challenging.The commercial enzyme-based glucose test strips cannot be reused,and current non-enzymatic glucose sensors exhibit a narrow range of detection and slow glucose oxidation kinetics.Herein,controlled etching of Prussian blue analogue(PBA)nanocubes at the vertices is conducted and Au nanoparticles(Au NPs)are subsequently inlaid in the etched cavities by in-situ reduction of HAuCl4.The unique AuNP-PBA nanocomplexes exhibit low electrochemical potential for glucose oxidation,high electrocatalytic activity,and rapid redox electron transfer rate.Covalent immobilization of the Au-inlaid nanomaterials on a fine Au wire leads to a non-enzymatic glucose sensor with a particularly wide linear detection range(10μM to 16 mM),excellent anti-interference,and fast response.More importantly,the sensor is reusable,and its sensitivity is well maintained even after 150 times of detection.This new-concept material promises to enable high-throughput glucose detection at a low cost,which is essential in diabetic management and other healthcare applications.

An integrated flexible and reusable graphene field effect transistor nanosensor for monitoring glucose

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that has effect on blood sugar level and affects millions of people.We present an integrated flexible and reusable graphene-based field effect transistor(GFET)nanosensor for the detection of glucose using pyrene-1-boronic acid(PBA)as the receptor.The nanosensor fabricated on the polyimide performs GFET-based rapid transduction of the glucose-PBA binding,thereby potentially allowing the detection of glucose that are sampled reliably from human bodily fluids(e.g.,sweat)in wearable sensing applications.Due to the reversible binding interaction between PBA and glucose,reusability of our nanosensor can be realized by exposing graphene surface to acidic solution.In characterizing the stability and reusability of the nanosensor for wearable applications,we investigated the effects of substrate bending,multiple reuse and long-time storage on the equilibrium dissociation constant between the PBA and glucose.Results show that bending,multiple reuse(over 10 times)and long-time storage has negligible effect on the sensing performance.The detection of glucose with a limit of detection(LOD)of 0.15 μM and a dynamic range of 0.05-100 μM,which covers the reference scope of physical examination or screening of diabetes.Hence,our flexible GFET nanosensor is promising for wearable and reusable biosensing applications.

Sensing nanomaterials of wearable glucose sensors

The metabolic disorder of glucose in human body will cause diseases such as diabetes and hyperglycemia.Hence the determination of glucose content is very important in clinic diagnosing.In recent years,researchers have proposed various non-invasive wearable sensors for rapid and real-time glucose monitoring from human body fluids.Unlike those reviews which discussed performances,detection environments or substrates of the wearable glucose sensor,this review focuses on the sensing nanomaterials since they are the key elements of most wearable glucose sensors.The sensing nanomaterials such as carbon,metals,and conductive polymers are summarized in detail.And also the structural characteristics of different sensing nanomaterials and the corresponding wearable glucose sensors are highlighted.Finally,we prospect the future development requirements of sensing nanomaterials for wearable glucose sensors.This review would give some insights to the further development of wearable glucose sensors and the modern medical treatment.

基于葡萄糖氧化酶的葡萄糖传感器的研究进展

综述了对葡萄糖具有良好的催化效应且被广泛用于葡萄糖传感器研发当中的葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)在葡萄糖传感器酶电极中的固定化方法,并分析其对葡萄糖传感器性能的影响;根据连续监测形式将葡萄糖传感器划分成微创式、植入式和无创式,归纳总结了采用不同监测形式的葡萄糖传感器的最新研究进展;最后,对基于GOx的葡萄糖传感器在柔性可穿戴领域的发展前景进行了展望。

蚕丝基葡萄糖传感器研究进展

葡萄糖传感器是糖尿病人监控血糖浓度的必备工具。基于柔性基底开发可用于实时监测的柔性葡萄糖传感器是近年来研究的热点,也是未来应用发展的重要方向。蚕丝具有优异的力学性能、生物相容性及生物可降解性,以蚕丝及蚕丝蛋白与导电活性物质复合开发的柔性葡萄糖传感器展现出优异的传感性能及出色的长期稳定性。本文通过对基于丝蛋白、丝纤维、蚕丝织物开发的蚕丝基葡萄糖传感器的研究进展进行综述,对比所开发的蚕丝基葡萄糖传感器的传感性能,分析其特点及作用机制,并展望蚕丝基葡萄糖传感器在柔性可穿戴传感器领域的发展前景。

非图案化法制备柔性连续葡萄糖监测传感器

以聚多巴胺作为前驱体,在聚酰亚胺薄膜表面化学沉积一层牢固致密的金层,以该镀金薄膜两面的金层作为基体电极,在其中一面镀铂黑作为参比-对电极,在另一面依次电沉积铂黑层、电泳形成Nafion/碳纳米管网络层、电吸引形成葡萄糖氧化酶层构成工作电极,并整体涂覆聚氨酯外膜,制备了一种柔性葡萄糖传感器。考察了此传感器对葡萄糖的检测性能,以及各层表面形态结构对传感器性能的影响。传感器在0.3 V的工作电位下对葡萄糖的线性响应范围是2.0~32.0 mmol/L,响应灵敏度为25μA·(mmol/L)^(-1)·cm^(-2),检出限为0.05 mmol/L(S/N=3),且传感器有良好的长期稳定性和抗干扰性,可用于皮下连续血糖监测。

一种基于电沉积3D花状CoS在自支撑石墨烯胶带电极上的非酶葡萄糖传感器的研究与应用

本文将3D纳米结构花状CoS电沉积在石墨烯胶带电极(GTE)上,制备了一种对葡萄糖响应良好的电化学传感器。结构分析显示电沉积的CoS均匀地分散在了电极上。实验结果表明,制备的花状CoS/GTE葡萄糖传感器在0.025~1.0 mmol·L^(-1)显示出良好的线性关系,灵敏度为323.3μA·(mmol·L^(-1))^(-1)·cm^(-2),检出限为8.5μmol·L^(-1)(S/N=3),而且制备的传感器能够应用于血清葡萄糖的检测。这表明本文制备的传感器具有一定的应用潜力。

铜纳米颗粒修饰柔性石墨构建无酶葡萄糖传感器

柔性石墨片(FGS)具备优良的导电性与柔韧性,可作为葡萄糖传感器的自支撑载体,解决由于使用黏结剂降低传感器性能的问题。本文采用水热法,使用抗坏血酸还原硫酸铜,在FGS上复合铜纳米颗粒构建Cu/FGS自支撑无酶葡萄糖传感器,在线性范围0.1~3.4 mmol/L内具有较高的灵敏度7254.1μA·mM-1·cm-2(R2=0.9961),较低的检测限1.05μmol/L;在线性范围3.4~5.6 mmol/L灵敏度为3804.5μA·mM-1·cm-2(R2=0.9995)。此外,该电极还有较好的抗干扰性、重复性及稳定性。

枝晶状纳米铜修饰激光诱导石墨烯电化学传感器的制备及其在葡萄糖检测中的应用

本文以柔性聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜为原料,采用激光雕刻方法构筑激光诱导石墨烯(LIG)三电极阵列。以此为基底,通过电沉积方法制备Ag/AgCl参比电极和枝晶状纳米Cu修饰工作电极,用于构建柔性非酶型葡萄糖电化学传感器。在0.1 mol/L NaOH和0.1 mol/L KCl的混合溶液中,施加0.5 V检测电位,其检测葡萄糖的灵敏度为1554.5μA/(mmol/L·cm2),线性范围为0.5~365.5μmol/L,检测限(S/N=3)为0.098μmol/L。该柔性传感器具有良好的重现性,其相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)为2.96%;同时对多巴胺、抗坏血酸、尿酸、5-羟色胺和组胺等物质具有良好的抗干扰能力。

Au/rGO修饰的单壁碳纳米管柔性电极的制备及其在生物传感器中的应用

柔性可穿戴生物传感器对于慢性病人的健康监测具有重要意义。由单壁碳纳米管制成的巴基纸具备柔性好、导电性高及生物相容性强等特点,是制备柔性生物传感器电极的理想材料。由于单壁碳纳米管本身不具备催化活性,有必要使用活性材料对巴基纸进行修饰。本研究首次将单壁碳纳米管巴基纸与一步法还原的金纳米颗粒/还原氧化石墨烯溶液通过简单的真空抽滤形成双层结构的柔性电极。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外分光光度计、拉曼光谱仪对制备的柔性电极进行了形貌与结构的表征,结果表明金和氧化石墨烯被还原,其中金纳米颗粒的粒径大小为80~100nm左右,且密集地修饰在还原氧化石墨烯上。探究了该柔性电极对葡萄糖和H_(2)O_(2)的电化学行为,结果表明该电极对葡萄糖和H_(2)O_(2)表现出优异的电催化活性,在检测浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,其中H_(2)O_(2)检测灵敏度高达1533μA·(mmol/L)^(-1)cm^(-2),说明单壁碳纳米管巴基纸在柔性生物传感器领域具备较高的潜在价值。

水热生长镍钴硫化物在柔性无酶葡萄糖传感器中的应用

为开发快速、精确和稳定的葡萄糖检测技术,在碳布上利用水热法原位生长镍钴硫化物颗粒,制备镍钴硫化物@碳布自支撑柔性电极材料,并对该电极材料进行电化学测试。结果表明:镍钴硫化物@碳布电极对葡萄糖的灵敏度为3.934 A·(mol·L^(-1)·cm^(2))^(-1),检测线性范围为0.20μmol/L~2.50 mmol/L;对葡萄糖具有优异的选择性和稳定性。