接种两株有益菌的生物絮团净水性能及饲料化潜力

为强化新的絮团形成菌伪杜擀氏菌YN12(Pseudoduganella eburnea YN12,YN)利用养殖尾水生成生物絮团效果,并将絮团制成饲料,探讨在胡子鲶(Claris fuscus)饲养上的可行性。在生物絮团系统中,接种活性污泥(Activated sludge,AS)、伪杜擀氏菌YN12和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,BS)并配制成7组(AS、YN、BS、AS+YN、AS+BS、YN+BS和AS+YN+BS),分析絮团形态结构差异,评估出对模拟养殖尾水氮去除效果及微生物群落结构优势的最佳组合,最终收集最佳组合絮团烘干研磨成粉末添加到商业饲料制粒,分成对照组和絮团组两组,探讨对胡子鲶的生长性能、饲料利用率、肌肉营养成分及肝脏的消化酶和免疫酶活性的影响。结果表明:YN+BS组水质净化效果稳定,总氮去除效果(89.6%)良好,氨氮、亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐积累低,具有良好的絮团生成量(9.0 ml/L)及占据优势(47.5%)的反硝化菌群(包括Hydrogenophaga、Flavobacterium、Pseudoxanthomonas、Burkholderiaceae、Comamonas、Acinetobacter等)。该组絮团粉以5%比例与商业饲料混合、研磨加工制粒后用于胡子鲶养殖,发现胡子鲶生长性能[包括存活率:(100±0.00)%>(95±0.00)%;增重:(2.81±0.35)g>(2.52±0.52)g;体长增加(1.68±0.36)cm>(1.51±0.34)cm]和饲料系数55±0.03>46±0.12均优于纯商业饲料的对照组,然而在淀粉酶等消化酶、免疫酶包括过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化物、谷胱氨酸过氧化物酶等及肌肉营养成分包括谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、丙氨酸和甘氨酸等鲜味氨基酸上均低于对照组。YN+BS组絮团饲料在生长性能占据优势,然而在消化能力、免疫活性及肌肉营养成分上并未表现出明显优势,需要进一步调整水平絮团添加水平以优化胡子鲶饲养效果。

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step feeding biological nitrogen removal process

The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in step-feeding biological nitrogen removal process were investigated under different influent substrate concentrations and aeration flow rates. Biological occurrence of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification was verified in the aspect of nitrogen mass balance and alkalinity. The experimental results also showed that there was a distinct linear relationship between simultaneous nitrification and denitrification and DO concentration under the conditions of low and high aeration flow rate. In each experimental run the floc sizes of activated sludge were also measured and the results showed that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification could occur with very small size of floc.

磁介质混凝沉淀技术的进展与创新

在水处理过程中加入惰性重介质微粒以加速混凝和沉淀过程、高效去除总磷、SS和COD的重介质混凝沉淀技术(亦称磁混凝)正逐步被接受,并被广泛应用于污水处理工程,特别是提标改造工程项目。投加磁性重介质粉的混凝沉淀技术也被简称为磁介质混凝沉淀技术或磁混凝。作为一项新兴技术,相关的协会标准即将正式发布实施。文章简要介绍了该技术标准的编制情况,以及涉及该技术的创新(磁介质连续投加装置、解絮机和兼氧重介质活性污泥反应器)。