The paper follows possible specification of a control algorithm of a WS (water management system) during floods using the procedures of AI (artificial intelligence). The issue of minimizing negative impacts of flo...The paper follows possible specification of a control algorithm of a WS (water management system) during floods using the procedures of AI (artificial intelligence). The issue of minimizing negative impacts of floods represents influencing and controlling a dynamic process of the system where the main regulation elements are water reservoirs. Control of water outflow from reservoirs is implicitly based on the used model (titled BW) based on FR (fuzzy regulation). Specification of a control algorithm means dealing with the issue of preparing a knowledge base for the process of tuning fuzzy regulators based on an I/O (input/output) matrix obtained by optimization of the target behaviour of WS. Partial results can be compared with the regulation outputs when specialized tuning was used for the fuzzy regulator of the control algorithm. Basic approaches follow from the narrow relation on BW model use to simulate floods, without any connection to real water management system. A generally introduced model allows description of an outflow dynamic system with stochastic inputs using submodels of robust regression in the outflow module. The submodels are constructed on data of historical FS (flood situations).展开更多
With climate change and rising sea levels,the coastal zone’s flood risk is deteriorating.Previous researches have shown a gradually degrading capacity of traditional hard engineering structures(e.g.,seawall,dikes)on ...With climate change and rising sea levels,the coastal zone’s flood risk is deteriorating.Previous researches have shown a gradually degrading capacity of traditional hard engineering structures(e.g.,seawall,dikes)on flood mitigation due to problems such as land subsidence and insufficient maintenance.To remedy the defects,the"building with nature concept"for coastal protection with saltmarshes was examined by combining field measurements and numerical simulations.The advantages of saltmarsh over traditional seawall on flood protection was demonstrated from the perspective of both flood area mitigation and economic gain,based on scenario simulations.Results show that tidal wetlands are essential in mitigating significant wave heights(Hs)and current velocities even during storm conditions.The storm wave and current velocity reduction ratio(RRw and RRc)by saltmarshes on Chongming Dongtan Shoal(CMDS)during Typhoon 9711 is approximately 11%and 51%,respectively.The wave and current mitigation by Scirpus mariqueter are more efficient than Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis during measurements in 2010,which were approximately 0.3 m and 0.2 m/s,0.125 m and 0.155 m/s,0.086 m and 0.128 m/s per kilometer width,respectively.The summer saltmarsh area 54.2 km2 on CMDS protects approximately 32 km^(2)land area behind the seawall from being flooded,equivalent to the seawall heightening of approximately 0.42 m on equivalent flood mitigation.The performance of cost-and-benefit analysis shows a relatively higher(by 3%–7%)net present value(NPV)and a higher(by 1.5 times)benefit-cost ratio(BC)of nature-based solution(i.e.,saltmarsh restoration)compared with traditional hard engineering solution(i.e.,seawall construction).Thus,building seawall with nature,such as a hybrid flood protection measure,should be implemented in the future coastal redesign and maintenance.展开更多
The Chao Phraya River and the network of canals or “klongs” are the origin of Bangkok’s nick-name “Venice of the East”. Its amphibian nature of lower delta area where used to be covered by the sea around 5000 yea...The Chao Phraya River and the network of canals or “klongs” are the origin of Bangkok’s nick-name “Venice of the East”. Its amphibian nature of lower delta area where used to be covered by the sea around 5000 years ago provides a water-based settlement for the citizens. Rivers as an agricultural irrigation system are also used for daily consumption, transportation, and drainage channels. Bangkok was established in 1782 as the capital of Thailand by King Rama I of the Chakri Dynasty. The location is on a flood plain delta of the Chao Phraya River with the same consideration as the up north old capital Ayutthaya;the river is performed as a natural defense against enemies and also provides a water-based settlement for the citizens. The worst flood in Thailand’s history occurred during the 2011 monsoon season;July to November;that became the severest flood disaster hit parts of the capital city of Bangkok and resulted in a total of 815 deaths and 65 of Thailand’s 77 provinces were declared flood disaster zones, and over 20,000 square kilometers (7700 square miles) of farmland was damaged. The most affected areas were the recent capital Bangkok and the old capital Ayutthaya. The major causes were not only from the natural disaster but also water management failures from the human disaster. The studies aimed to include the survey of after-flood areas, reviewing the history of the waterfront communities and their attitudes toward development and changes, then discussed threats and crisis to the cultural landscape, the cause and effects of the disaster, the theoretical framework of the best management practices and the resolutions models proposed by the involved authorities. Whilst, history also gives us a sense of identity and traditional wisdom, the paper tried to find a paradigm shift and invented best practices for future generation flood protection using “<em>the meaning and spirit of cultural landscape</em>” model.展开更多
Over the course of centuries, river systems have been heavily trained for the purpose of safe discharge of water, sediment and ice, and improves navigation. Traditionally, dikes are used to be reinforced and heightene...Over the course of centuries, river systems have been heavily trained for the purpose of safe discharge of water, sediment and ice, and improves navigation. Traditionally, dikes are used to be reinforced and heightened to protect countries from ever higher flood levels. Other types of solutions than technical engineering solutions, such as measures to increase the flood conveyance capacity(e.g., lowering of groynes and floodplains, setting back dikes) become more popular. These solutions may however increase the river bed dynamics and thus impact negatively navigation, maintenance dredging and flood safety. A variety of numerical models are available to predict the impact of river restoration works on river processes. Often little attention is paid to the assessment of uncertainties. In this paper, we show how we can make uncertainty explicit using a stochastic approach. This approach helps identifying uncertainty sources and assessing their contribution to the overall uncertainty in river processes. The approach gives engineers a better understanding of system behaviour and enables them to intervene with the river system, so as to avoid undesired situations. We illustrate the merits of this stochastic approach for optimising lowland river restoration works in the Rhine in the Netherlands.展开更多
文摘The paper follows possible specification of a control algorithm of a WS (water management system) during floods using the procedures of AI (artificial intelligence). The issue of minimizing negative impacts of floods represents influencing and controlling a dynamic process of the system where the main regulation elements are water reservoirs. Control of water outflow from reservoirs is implicitly based on the used model (titled BW) based on FR (fuzzy regulation). Specification of a control algorithm means dealing with the issue of preparing a knowledge base for the process of tuning fuzzy regulators based on an I/O (input/output) matrix obtained by optimization of the target behaviour of WS. Partial results can be compared with the regulation outputs when specialized tuning was used for the fuzzy regulator of the control algorithm. Basic approaches follow from the narrow relation on BW model use to simulate floods, without any connection to real water management system. A generally introduced model allows description of an outflow dynamic system with stochastic inputs using submodels of robust regression in the outflow module. The submodels are constructed on data of historical FS (flood situations).
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 51761135024,42171282 and 41701001the Key Projects of Intergovernmental Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation of the Ministry of Science and Technology in China under contract No.2018YFE0109900+1 种基金the International Science&Technology Cooperation s of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission under contract No.19230712400the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No.2018M630414。
文摘With climate change and rising sea levels,the coastal zone’s flood risk is deteriorating.Previous researches have shown a gradually degrading capacity of traditional hard engineering structures(e.g.,seawall,dikes)on flood mitigation due to problems such as land subsidence and insufficient maintenance.To remedy the defects,the"building with nature concept"for coastal protection with saltmarshes was examined by combining field measurements and numerical simulations.The advantages of saltmarsh over traditional seawall on flood protection was demonstrated from the perspective of both flood area mitigation and economic gain,based on scenario simulations.Results show that tidal wetlands are essential in mitigating significant wave heights(Hs)and current velocities even during storm conditions.The storm wave and current velocity reduction ratio(RRw and RRc)by saltmarshes on Chongming Dongtan Shoal(CMDS)during Typhoon 9711 is approximately 11%and 51%,respectively.The wave and current mitigation by Scirpus mariqueter are more efficient than Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis during measurements in 2010,which were approximately 0.3 m and 0.2 m/s,0.125 m and 0.155 m/s,0.086 m and 0.128 m/s per kilometer width,respectively.The summer saltmarsh area 54.2 km2 on CMDS protects approximately 32 km^(2)land area behind the seawall from being flooded,equivalent to the seawall heightening of approximately 0.42 m on equivalent flood mitigation.The performance of cost-and-benefit analysis shows a relatively higher(by 3%–7%)net present value(NPV)and a higher(by 1.5 times)benefit-cost ratio(BC)of nature-based solution(i.e.,saltmarsh restoration)compared with traditional hard engineering solution(i.e.,seawall construction).Thus,building seawall with nature,such as a hybrid flood protection measure,should be implemented in the future coastal redesign and maintenance.
文摘The Chao Phraya River and the network of canals or “klongs” are the origin of Bangkok’s nick-name “Venice of the East”. Its amphibian nature of lower delta area where used to be covered by the sea around 5000 years ago provides a water-based settlement for the citizens. Rivers as an agricultural irrigation system are also used for daily consumption, transportation, and drainage channels. Bangkok was established in 1782 as the capital of Thailand by King Rama I of the Chakri Dynasty. The location is on a flood plain delta of the Chao Phraya River with the same consideration as the up north old capital Ayutthaya;the river is performed as a natural defense against enemies and also provides a water-based settlement for the citizens. The worst flood in Thailand’s history occurred during the 2011 monsoon season;July to November;that became the severest flood disaster hit parts of the capital city of Bangkok and resulted in a total of 815 deaths and 65 of Thailand’s 77 provinces were declared flood disaster zones, and over 20,000 square kilometers (7700 square miles) of farmland was damaged. The most affected areas were the recent capital Bangkok and the old capital Ayutthaya. The major causes were not only from the natural disaster but also water management failures from the human disaster. The studies aimed to include the survey of after-flood areas, reviewing the history of the waterfront communities and their attitudes toward development and changes, then discussed threats and crisis to the cultural landscape, the cause and effects of the disaster, the theoretical framework of the best management practices and the resolutions models proposed by the involved authorities. Whilst, history also gives us a sense of identity and traditional wisdom, the paper tried to find a paradigm shift and invented best practices for future generation flood protection using “<em>the meaning and spirit of cultural landscape</em>” model.
基金The work presented herein was mainly carried out in the framework of the project ’Stochastic modelling of low-land river morphologyfunded under number DCB 5302’ by the Netherlands Foundation for Technical Sciences (STW)+2 种基金the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment for the permission to use the Rhine model and the historical discharge recordsMr. H. Havinga of the Ministry of Infrastructure and the EnvironmentDr. A. Paarlberg of HKV Consultants for their valuable inputs into this project
文摘Over the course of centuries, river systems have been heavily trained for the purpose of safe discharge of water, sediment and ice, and improves navigation. Traditionally, dikes are used to be reinforced and heightened to protect countries from ever higher flood levels. Other types of solutions than technical engineering solutions, such as measures to increase the flood conveyance capacity(e.g., lowering of groynes and floodplains, setting back dikes) become more popular. These solutions may however increase the river bed dynamics and thus impact negatively navigation, maintenance dredging and flood safety. A variety of numerical models are available to predict the impact of river restoration works on river processes. Often little attention is paid to the assessment of uncertainties. In this paper, we show how we can make uncertainty explicit using a stochastic approach. This approach helps identifying uncertainty sources and assessing their contribution to the overall uncertainty in river processes. The approach gives engineers a better understanding of system behaviour and enables them to intervene with the river system, so as to avoid undesired situations. We illustrate the merits of this stochastic approach for optimising lowland river restoration works in the Rhine in the Netherlands.