Response of cellular stoichiometry and phosphorus storage of the cyanobacteria A phanizomenon flos-aquae to smallscale turbulence

Turbulent mixing, in particular on a small scale, aff ects the growth of microalgae by changing diff usive sublayers and regulating nutrient fluxes of cells. We tested the nutrient flux hypothesis by evaluating the cellular stoichiometry and phosphorus storage of microalgae under dif ferent turbulent mixing conditions. A phanizomenon flos-aquae were cultivated in dif ferent stirring batch reactors with turbulent dissipation rates ranging from 0.001 51 m2/s 3 to 0.050 58 m 2/s 3, the latter being the highest range observed in natural aquatic systems. Samples were taken in the exponential growth phase and compared with samples taken when the reactor was completely stagnant. Results indicate that, within a certain range, turbulent mixing stimulates the growth of A. flos-aquae. An inhibitory ef fect on growth rate was observed at the higher range. Photosynthesis activity, in terms of maximum ef fective quantum yield of PSII(the ratio of F v/F m) and cellular chlorophyll a, did not change significantly in response to turbulence. However, Chl a/C mass ratio and C/N molar ratio, showed a unimodal response under a gradient of turbulent mixing, similar to growth rate. Moreover, we found that increases in turbulent mixing might stimulate respiration rates, which might lead to the use of polyphosphate for the synthesis of cellular constituents. More research is required to test and verify the hypothesis that turbulent mixing changes the dif fusive sublayer, regulating the nutrient flux of cells.

Succession of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa in direct co-culture experiments at different temperatures and biomasses

Cyanobacterial blooms have become a serious global environmental issue due to their potential risk for releasing detrimental secondary metabolites into aquatic ecosystems,posing a great threat to water quality management for public health authorities.Aphanizomenon,a common filamentous cyanobacterial genus belonging to Nostocales,is under particular concern because its several members are able to form harmful blooms.Furthermore,succession of bloom between A.flos-aquae and Microcystis occurs in many natural lakes.To evaluate the competitiveness of A.flos-aquae vs.M.aeruginosa,two sets of experiments at different ratios of biomass at 15℃and 25℃were conducted.Results show that at 15℃,the two species were able to coexist,and A.flos-aquae showed a specific higher growth rate,and its growth was promoted by the presence of M.aeruginosa.At 25℃,the growth of A.flos-aquae was inhibited by the biomass of M.aeruginosa,and M.aeruginosa suppressed A.flos-aquae in competition.Additionally,the vegetative cell size of A.flos-aquae was significantly influenced by the co-culture with M.aeruginosa,whereas the filament length of A.flos-aquae was not significantly affected.This study confirms that temperature is the dominating factor on the succession of A.flos-aquae and M.aeruginosa of a different biomass.

Effects of Light and Monosulfuron on Growth and Photosynthetic Pigments of Anabaena Flos-Aquae Breb

The effects of monosulfuron on growth and photosynthetic pigments of the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena flos-aquae grown exposed to 2000-, 3000-, and 4000-lux light intensity were studied. Exposed to three light intensities, the seven concentrations of monosulfuron tested can significantly inhibit algal growth in a dose-dependent manner. The cell numbers and growth rate were decreased with the increase in mono-sulfuron concentration, and A. flos-aquae had different degrees of sensitivity to monosulfuron with the most sensitive light intensity being 4000-lux followed by 3000-lux and 2000-lux. The herbicide monosulfuron appeared to have different effects on the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. The chlorophyll appeared to tackle monosulfuron concentrations. The caroteniod content of algae treated with 0.008 and 0.08 mg/L monosulfuron exposed to 2000-lux had a different stimulatory effect from that of treatments exposed to 3000-lux and 4000-lux, but an inhibitory effect at concentration above 0.8 mg/L. The effect of monosulfuron on biliprotein in cells of A. flos-aquae exposed three light intensities displayed contrary dose dependence.

The combined effects of Dolichospermum flos-aquae, light, and temperature on microcystin production by Microcystis aeruginosa

The effects of light, temperature, and coculture on the intracellular microcystin-LR(MCLR) quota of M icrocystis aeruginosa were evaluated based on coculture experiments with nontoxic Dolichospermum( Anabaena) fl os- aquae. The MC-LR quota and transcription of m cy B and m cy D genes encoding MC synthetases in M. aeruginosa were evaluated on the basis of cell counts, high-performance liquid chromatography, and reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR. The MC-LR quotas of M. aeruginosa in coculture with a 1/1 ratio of inoculum of the two species were signifi cantly lower relative to monocultures 6-d after inoculation. Decreased MC-LR quotas under coculture conditions were enhanced by increasing the D. fl os- aquae to M. aeruginosa ratio in the inoculum and by environmental factors, such as temperature and light intensity. Moreover, the transcriptional concentrations of mcy B and mcy D genes in M. aeruginosa were signifi cantly inhibited by D. fl os- aquae competition in coculture(P <0.01), lowered to 20% of initial concentrations within 8 days. These data suggested that coculture effects by D. fl os- aquae not only reduced M. aeruginosa 's intracellular MC-LR quota via inhibition of genes encoding MC synthetases, but also that this effect was regulated by environmental factors, including temperature and light intensities.

广东省水库3株水华微囊藻16srRNA序列分析

微囊藻是有害淡水水华的主要藻种,但其形态分类困难,制约了相关研究的深入;16SrRNA序列分析广泛应用于微生物种类鉴定。测定广东3个水库的3株水华微囊藻16SrRNA基因部分序列,运用Mega3软件分析其遗传特征,结果表明,3株藻同源序列长度为1305bp,没有插入与缺失,序列中有3个变异位点,A+T含量最大差异仅为0.2%,核苷酸相似性在99.85%以上,不能区分广东省水库同一藻种的不同藻株,表明水华微囊藻种内16SrRNA基因序列相当保守。要准确鉴定广东省水库微囊藻种类,丰富广东省水库微囊藻分子层面的分类资料,需要比较更多形态和地理来源的藻株,建立16SrRNA和其它基因序列核苷酸数据库,分析种间和种内差异,设计种专一性的分子探针。

Identification of an Algae-lysing Bacterium of Anabaena flosaquae and Primary Research on Their Relationship

[Objective] The aim was to explore the relationship between alage-lysing bacterium and Anabaena flosaquae so as to provide reference for the control of bloom. [Method] An algae-lysing bacterium strain named S7 was isolated from eu- trophic river. The lyric efficiency and performing mode of S7 strain to Anabaena flos- aquae was studied. Influence of different environmental factors and the relationship between S7 strain and Anabaena flosaquae was also studied, and then the bacteri- um strain was physiologically identified. [Result] More than 90% of Anabaena flos- aquae had been removed by 7 d when the volume ratio of medium to algae solu- tion was 30%, the pH was 9 and the temperature was 35 ℃. These results also showed that a mutual inhibit relationship existed between S7 strain and Anabaena flos-aquae. The S7 strain killed the algae by indirectly through certain lyric agents in absence of direct contact with the target but by secreting metabolites. Moreover, these lyric agents also had the thermostability. 16SrDNA sequence analysis showed that S7 strain belonged to Chryseobacterium sp. [Conclusion] The examined Poly-p proved that S7 strain is polyphosphate accumulating bacteria （PAOs） and has better lyric efficiency.

PACl和CTS对水华微囊藻混凝-过滤的影响

过滤去除水华蓝藻时易出现过滤材料堵塞,混凝预处理可以改变水华蓝藻在过滤过程中的藻饼过滤特性,从而提高过滤通量。混凝剂种类是影响混凝-过滤分离性能的重要因素。本研究利用聚合氯化铝(PACl)和壳聚糖(CTS)进行预混凝,研究了2种混凝剂对絮体特性及过滤通量、出水水质和生物质品质的影响,并进行了2种混凝剂优化剂量添加条件下的药剂成本分析。结果表明,采用PACl和CTS在优化剂量下,过滤通量从无预处理时的1647 L·(m^(2)·h)^(−1)分别提升到2020 L·(m^(2)·h)^(−1)和5816 L·(m^(2)·h)^(−1),通量下降率由65.9%分别降低到23.2%和13.8%。两种不同混凝剂过滤性能的差异主要是由混凝形成的絮体大小和饼层阻力不同造成的。CTS、PACl混凝预处理减小了饼层的过滤比阻力系数。在优化剂量条件下,CTS、PACl混凝形成的饼层比阻力系数Rcs从无混凝剂时的4.49×10^(8) m·g^(−1)分别降低了95%和24%,达到了2.23×10^(7) m·g^(−1)和3.4×10^(8) m·g^(−1)。且CTS预处理形成饼层的比阻力系数是PACl预处理的1/15,因此,CTS更有利于提高混凝效率。虽然PACl的成本低于CTS,但使用PACl会造成藻类生物质中铝残留,因此考虑到生物质的资源化利用以及残余铝离子的回收成本,CTS比PACl略有优势,干生物质当量的药剂成本及残余铝离子的回收成本之和分别达到1488元·t^(−1)和1530元·t^(−1)。