Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods

Precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke was derived. The computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the flow features of the sloping U-shape notch on the spool, such as mass flow rates, flow coefficients, effiux angles and steady state flow forces under different operating conditions. At last, the reliability of the mathematical model of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice on the spool was demonstrated by the comparison between the orifice area curve derived and the corresponding experimental data provided by the test. It is presented that the bottom arc of sloping U-shape notch （ABU） should not be omitted when it is required to accurately calculate the orifice area of ABU. Although the theoretical flow area of plain bottom sloping U-shape notch （PBU） is larger than that of ABU at the same opening, the simulated mass flow and experimental flow area of ABU are both larger than these of PBU at the same opening, while the simulated flow force of PBU is larger than that of ABU at the same opening. Therefore, it should be prior to adapt the ABU when designing the spool with proportional character.

Modeling Blood Flow in Veins of Uniform Properties (Giraffe Jugular Vein)

This paper models the giraffe’s jugular veins as a uniform collapsible tube from a rigid skull. The equations governing one-dimensional steady flow through such a tube for various conditions have been developed. The effects of inertial and inclination angles that have not been discussed previously have been included. It has been shown that different flows for a uniform tube (vein) are possible. However, this flow matches that of a jugular vein which is supercritical, and the steady solution has been given by the balance between the driving forces of gravity and the viscous resistance to the flow at the right atrium of the heart must be sub-critical for a fixed right-atrium pressure which means that an elastic jump is required to return the flow to sub-critical from the supercritical flow upstream this type of relationship gives rise to flow limitation at the same time given any right atrium fixed pressure there exists a maximum flow rate which when exceeded the boundary conditions of the flow do not hold boundary conditions at the right atrium are not satisfied hence making the steady flow impossible this mechanism of flow limitation is slightly different from the other one in that causes airways through forced expiration from the observation made it is clearly shown that there is an intravascular pressure difference with a change in height.

股前外侧Flow-through皮瓣修复下肢大面积缺损合并主干动脉缺损

目的探讨应用股前外侧Flow-through皮瓣修复下肢大面积缺损合并主干动脉缺损的临床疗效。方法2017年9月-2022年3月,应用股前外侧Flow-through皮瓣修复下肢大面积缺损并主干动脉缺损10例,其中合并胫后动脉缺损7例,胫前动脉缺损3例。一期行骨折外固定,VSD覆盖创面,二期行股前外侧Flow-through皮瓣修复术。结果10例皮瓣均成活,1例皮瓣远端少许坏死,经换药后伤口愈合,2例术后出现静脉危象,探查后皮瓣成活。随访8~24个月,平均15个月,皮瓣外观质地良好,5例因皮瓣臃肿行皮瓣修整。供区除伤口瘢痕及色素沉着外,未出现功能影响等并发症。结论股前外侧Flow-through皮瓣穿支可靠,血管蒂长,轴心血管管径粗,可重建主干血管,是修复下肢大面积缺损合并主干动脉缺损的较好选择。

Movement Properties of Pipe Flow Along Granite Slope of Three Gorges Area of Yangtze River in China

It is well known that, in most cases, soil water doesn't move in the form of laminar flow as described by Darcy law. Only when Reynolds number ( Re ) is no more than 10, does water movement follow Darcy law. A soil profile with 2 9 m long and 2 13 2 60 m deep was excavated on a lower slope located at Zigui County, Hubei Province, China. Field observation found that soil pipes were mainly distributed in the transient layer between horizon B with higher degree of granite weathering and horizon C with lower degree of granite weathering. At the foot of the slope, about 5 7 soil pipes per meter were observed along the vertical direction of the slope. The observed results, obtained by continuous observation of soil pipes and pipe flow processes at granite slope for many rainfall events, indicate that the relationship between velocity of pipe flow and hydraulic gradient along the pipe is parabolic rather than linear. Based on the investigated data of soil, landform, and land use etc., combined with observed data of pipe flow derived from many rainfall events, a pipe flow model was developed. For velocity V p, discharge Q p of pipe flow and radius r of soil pipe, great similarity was found between simulated and observed values. Particularly, the simulated length of soil pipes reflects the great difference among soil pipes as a result of its different position in the soil profile. The length values of 4 soil pipes were estimated to be 98 1%, 27 6%, 11 0% and 3 0% of the longest distance of the catchment, respectively. As a special case of water movement, soil pipe flow follows Darcy Weisbach law. Discharge of pipe flow is much greater than infiltration discharge in common. Only when the depth of groundwater is more than the diameter of soil pipe and water layer submerges soil pipes during rainfall, may pipe flow occur. Under these circumstances, discharge of pipe flow is directly proportional to the depth of groundwater.

Local dynamic balance theory and technology of flow field in multilayer gob area

Flow field in multilayer gob area, which formed in small hiden-depth, multi-coal layer groups, close distance, hard coal layer, and hard roof, possesses characteristics such as complex, changeable and unstable. Dynamic balance theory of local flow field in multilayer gob area was built based on the realistic requirement that the serious threat on current mining coal layer by large-scale spontaneous combustion fire on close spontaneous combustion coal layer group of Datong Coal mining area at the ＇di-hard＇ conditions was caused by small coal pit mining. The kernel was in dynamic balance between flow field pressures of working face and local flow field in multilayer gob area was kept by transformation. Corresponding technology and set of devices were developed.

Disaster Reduction Decision Support System Against Debris Flows and Landslides Along Highway in Mountainous Area

Highways in mountainous areas are easy to be damaged by such natural disasters as debris flows and landslides and disaster reduction decision support system (DRDSS) is one of the important means to mitigate these disasters. Guided by the theories and technologies of debris flow and landslide reduction and supported by geographical information system (GIS), remote sensing and database techniques, a DRDSS against debris flow and landslide along highways in mountainous areas has been established on the basis of such principles as pertinence, systematicness, effectiveness, easy to use, open and expandability. The system consists of database, disaster analysis models and decisions on reduction of debris flows and landslides, mainly functioning to zone disaster dangerous degree, analyze debris flow activity, simulate debris flow deposition and diffusion, analyze landslide stability, select optimal highway renovation scheme and plan disaster prevention and control engineering. This system has been applied successfully to the debris flow and landslide treatment works along Palongzangbu Section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway.

Research on Crustal Flow and Its Dynamic Characteristics in Sichuan and Its Adjacent Area

Using the broadband seismic data of the regional stations in the Sichuan Digital Seismic Network and the mobile seismic stations in this region,the receiver function inversion method was adopted to study the characteristics of crustal flow and dynamic effects in Sichuan and adjacent areas. The results show that: Velocity in the crust and upper mantle of the Sichuan basin is significantly higher than that beneath the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The velocity v_S is from 3. 6 to 3. 8km / s in the crust and4. 5- 4. 8km / s in the upper mantle beneath the basin,and there is no low-velocity layer in the crust. The lithology shows a hard block. The v_S velocity in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is lower,with average v_Sof 3. 0- 3. 4km / s in the mid crust and4. 0- 4. 5km / s in the upper mantle. Low-velocity layers are distributed widely in the crust,most of which are in the mid crust at a depth of 20km- 40 km,and there are also a few low-velocity layers appearing in the upper crust at depths of 10km- 20 km and the lower crust at depths of 40km- 60 km. Affected by the northward pushing of the Indian plate,the eastward movement of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is blocked by the hard Sichuan basin,producing a southward and southeastward component.Such movement process is produced by the complicated forces acting in this area. Just under the action of these forces, the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau becomes a region with complicated geology and intensive earthquake activity. Obstructed by the hard Sichuan basin,the low-velocity crustal flow is delaminated and split into two or three upward and downward tributaries. The upward flow intruded into the upper crust,causing uplift of the earths urface,forming mountain crests; the downward flow intruded into the lower crust and upper mantle,resulting in thickening of the crust and depression of the Moho. The crustal flow in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is mainly distributed along the active faults. The crustal flow flows out from the Qiangtang block in the middle part of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau,the mainstream flows along the NW-SE trending Xianshuihe fault zone,then turns NS and flows to the south along the Anninghe and Xiaojiang faults. There is another crustal flow in the north of the study area,flowing in the NE and E-W directions to the Longmenshan faults.

肾小管及肾小球标志物在2型糖尿病患者不同肾损伤阶段诊断价值的研究

目的探讨肾小管及肾小球相关标志物在2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者不同肾损伤阶段的诊断价值。方法选取于2018年4月1日至2019年10月31日入住首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院内分泌科的T2DM患者272例,完善临床生化指标及尿蛋白四项:尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(urinary albumin to creatinine ratio,ACR)、α1-微球蛋白/肌酐(urinary α1-microglobulin to creatinine ratio,UA1CR)、免疫球蛋白G/肌酐(urinary immunoglobulin G to creatinine ratio,UIGG)、转铁蛋白/肌酐(urinary transferrin to creatinine ratio,UTRF);进行眼底照相、核医学99mTc-EC检测肾有效血浆流量(effective renal plasma flow,ERPF)和99mTc-DTPA检测肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)。根据ACR和眼底检查结果分为4组:正常蛋白尿无糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)132例,即对照组(ACR≤30 mg/g);正常蛋白尿合并DR 32例,为糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)前期组;微量蛋白尿组78例(30<ACR≤300 mg/g)和大量蛋白尿组30例(ACR>300 mg/g)。比较四组间尿蛋白四项和ERPF、GFR的水平,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价上述各指标在不同肾损伤阶段的诊断价值。结果尿蛋白四项和ERPF、GFR的水平在不同组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在尿蛋白正常组中,DR组中肾小管功能标志物UA1CR较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);肾小球功能标志物ACR、UTRF和GFR在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),DR组UIGG较对照组升高(P<0.01)。在微量蛋白尿组和大量蛋白尿组,尿蛋白四项随肾损伤程度增加而增加,而ERPF和GFR随肾损伤程度增加而降低。ROC曲线分析显示,在尿蛋白排出正常的T2DM患者中合并DR组中肾小管功能标志物UA1CR和ERPF的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为68.2%(P<0.01)和60.5%(P<0.05),而肾小球功能标志物ACR和GFR的AUC均小于60%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尿蛋白四项及GFR在微量和大量蛋白尿组的AUC均大于60%(P<0.05),ERPF在大量蛋白尿组AUC为67.2%(P<0.05)。结论T2DM极早期微血管改变即ACR正常仅有DR时,肾小管标志物UA1CR先于肾小球标志物ACR和GFR发生变化。肾损伤早期,肾小管标志物诊断效能优于肾小球;肾损伤后期,肾小球标志物诊断效能优于肾小管。提示DKD肾小管功能的改变可能早于肾小球。

泥石流危险范围Laharz修正模型及其应用

泥石流危险区研究涉及触发条件、物源与地形等多种因素,需要开发快速、有效的方法进行危险范围分析。本文基于Laharz基本原理,以泥石流样本为数据基础拟合得到修正模型,并以重庆市巫溪县杨家湾沟为例,采用修正的Laharz ArcGIS工具包,在不同降雨重现期条件下对泥石流堆积范围进行模拟计算。结果表明:1)采用修正参数使Laharz模型统计量参数的和方差(SSE)和均方根误差(RMSE)减小,确定系数(R^(2))增大,拟合优度得到明显提高;2)基于数字高程模型,结合现场调查推算的物源体积,在ArcGIS平台采用Laharz工具包可快速模拟不同降雨重现期(10、20、50、100 a)条件下的泥石流堆积范围,并且模拟泥石流堆积宽度与现场调查堆积范围接近,大部分重合;3)采用Laharz修正模型与传统的FLO-2D软件模拟进行对比,其中最远冲出距离、最大堆积宽度和堆积面积在两种方法下模拟结果的差值比率分别在10.00%、15.00%和20.00%量级,采用两种方法模拟结果与实地勘查结果也相近,表明Laharz修正模型具可靠性。

某百万通流改造机组通流面积优化及经济性比较

提出了针对1000MW等级火电汽轮机通流改造机组通流面积对经济性的影响,并进行了分析,提出通过精准通流面积控制进一步提高机组经济性的措施。

Study on Winter Operation Process of the Surface Flow Constructed Wetland in Tianjin Area

[Objective] The research aimed to study winter operation process of the surface flow constructed wetland in ＂rianjin area. [Method] In view of climate characteristics in Tianjin, by the way of running under the ice, winter operation experiment of the surface flow constructed wetland in Tianjin was conducted, with the expectation to get some useful process parameters to run such systems in North China in winter. [ Result] Although purification effect of the sewage by surface flow constructed wetland in winter was worse than that in other seasons （ average reduction of about 20%）, surface flow constructed wetland running under the ice was feasible in Tianjin area. When surface flow constructed wetland in North China ran under ice in winter, it was suggested that the outlet must be located in a low position to prevent to be completely frozen, and running water depth should not be less than 50 -60 cm. The hydraulic load could be raised on the basis of reflux, and hydraulic retention time should maintain less than 4 d to keep water-soil interface not freezing. Inlet water depth should be increased as much as possible to improve temperature in the system. V Conclusion1 The research could provide reference for promotion and application of the surface flow constructed wetland in North China.

SOME REMARKS ABOUT THE AREA-PRESERVING CONVEX CURVE FLOW IN THE PLANE

Using Picard's theorem and the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem to reinvestigate the area-preserving convex curve flow in the plane which is considered as a coupled system and thus different from the setting handled by Gage.

基于FLOW-3D对新沟河江边枢纽鱼道数值模拟研究

以新沟河江边枢纽的双侧竖缝式鱼道为研究对象,基于FLOW-3D RNG k-ε模型和有限差分法进行数值模拟,分析了竖缝式鱼道的流态、紊动能等水力特性。结果表明,竖缝式鱼道水流具有固定特性,消能效果好。流态也较为稳定,能满足过鱼对象的需求。

从场空间到流网络:粤港澳大湾区城市群空间结构特征及优化路径研究

检视粤港澳大湾区城市群空间结构演化趋势,对纵深推动大湾区高质量发展意义重大。本研究因应数字经济对区域要素流动结构的影响,提出粤港澳大湾区“流网络”分析框架,并以首位度和齐普夫法则测度传统空间结构特征,以上市企业的“总部—分支”机构分布测度流网络特征。结果表明:大湾区总体经历了先集聚再分散的发展过程;各城市人口分布梯度不合理,核心城市的人口扩张推动了城市群的定型。大湾区经济规模结构呈现帕累托分布模式,各城市经济规模变差较大。从城际联系来看,广州深圳之间具有高联通度,形成了联通走廊,2000年以来深圳的相对联通度高居首位,区域网络日渐完善。未来,应织密高效的综合交通网络,加速市场一体化进程、构建“双核三圈”网络型城市群体系、设立“广深接合片区”并加快打造“广深联动走廊”,开创大湾区高质量协同发展新格局。

地下水型饮用水水源补给区划分——以辽宁省沈阳市北部某地区饮用水水源为例

选择辽宁省沈阳市北部某地区集中式地下水型饮用水水源作为研究区,收集其地形地貌、水源所属地下水含水系统的地质和水文地质概况等相关信息进行分析。选择公式法,根据含水层岩性,采取经验值参数,以水源开采井保护区外为基准,以15 a(5475 d)为地下水质点迁移时间,计算得出补给区面积为40.18 km^(2)。鉴于补给区边界部分横跨村庄,在补给区定界过程中,将横跨村庄纳入补给区范围内,切实加强补给区安全防护。并从补给区环境管理方面提出对策和建议。

城乡融合发展背景下人口流动对流出地居民健康水平的影响

健康是人力资本的重要组成部分,是促进人的全面发展的必然要求,是经济社会发展的基础条件,也是推进共同富裕的根本要素。基于1990、2000、2005、2010、2015、2020年中国人口普查和抽样调查数据,利用固定效应回归模型检验了人口流动对流出地居民健康水平的影响。研究发现:无论是否加入人口、经济和社会方面的控制变量,人口流动对流出地居民健康水平均具有负向影响,在稳健性检验下结论依旧成立。进一步分析作用机制可以发现,人口流动通过流出地老龄化效应、流入地健康透支效应、流出地经济发展滞缓效应影响着居民健康。基于上述结论,从构建跨空间协作的健康保障联动机制、建立健全覆盖流动人口全流动周期的健康跟踪服务体系、深化流动人口全面健康服务工作三个方面提出相关建议,为国家和地方政府更有效地推动“健康中国”建设和实现共同富裕提供参考。

基于水流特性的桥区船舶通航风险分析

为评估桥区船舶通航风险,构建考虑船舶运动特性的三维流场模型,研究水流影响下船舶过桥行为的偏航特性和受力特性.确定桥梁和船舶的通航风险评估分级标准,建立了基于模糊逻辑的船舶顺流通航风险评估模型.结果表明,桥墩间距风险等级划分临界值为40和60 m,具体分级标准因水期的不同而异.船速在枯水期、中水期和洪水期的低风险范围分别为1.6~2.5、2.0~2.5和1.6~2.0 m/s.洪水期通航风险高于其他时期,主要表现为通航尺度受限时的撞桥事故.相比于传统评估模型,所提模型根据船舶直接受力与运动表现来确定桥梁、水流和船速等因素分级标准,简化了评价指标体系,降低了模型主观性.

利用局部特征匹配的运动小目标光流估计

基于深度光流估计的动态背景运动小目标检测,为了保证小目标的检测性能,一般采用较少的下采样次数以维持较高的分辨率,但由此带来了较大的计算耗时。特征匹配是深度光流估计的一个核心处理环节,其耗时在光流估计整体耗时中的占比较大,且对下采样次数非常敏感。据此,提出一种基于局部特征匹配的快速光流估计算法:引入目标运动信息,缩小特征匹配的空间范围,减少待处理的数据量;设计分块局部匹配策略,引入批处理机制,避免出现逐点局部匹配策略数据处理耗时过大问题,实现算法加速。在此基础上,在光流估计获取的光流场上,采用CenterNet网络检测运动目标对应的光流异常区域。从光流估计耗时、检测精度等方面开展了实验验证,结果表明:针对运动小目标检测,分块特征匹配光流估计比全局特征匹配光流估计耗时减少约25%,目标检测性能相当。

普光地区侏罗系大安寨段湖相混积岩储层特征及成因

四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段是重要的陆相致密气勘探层系之一。基于野外露头与岩心宏观观察、薄片鉴定、X衍射及储层物性质等分析测试数据,证实普光地区大安寨段混积岩储层规模发育。研究结果表明:1)大安寨段混积岩储层岩性可划分为黏土质混积岩、砂质混积岩和灰质混积岩等3种主要类型;2)储集空间类型以晶间(溶)孔、无机孔、壳缘缝及微裂缝为主;3)混积岩储层主要发育在浅湖—半深湖相区,受湖平面波动、地形坡度与风暴、重力流的共同控制,是相混合与间断混合沉积的产物。