Design of Poiseuille Flow Controllers Using the Method of Inequalities

This paper investigates the use of the method of inequalities （MoI） to design output-feedback compensators for the problem of the control of instabilities in a laminar plane Poiseuille flow. In common with many flows, the dynamics of streamwise vortices in plane Poiseuille flow are very non-normal. Consequently, small perturbations grow rapidly with a large transient that may trigger nonlinearities and lead to turbulence even though such perturbations would, in a linear flow model, eventually decay. Such a system can be described as a conditionally linear system. The sensitivity is measured using the maximum transient energy growth, which is widely used in the fluid dynamics community. The paper considers two approaches. In the first approach, the MoI is used to design low-order proportional and proportional-integral （PI） controllers. In the second one, the MoI is combined with McFarlane and Glover＇s H∞ loop-shaping design procedure in a mixed-optimization approach.

A control volume based finite element method for simulating incompressible two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media and its application to reservoir engineering

Applying the standard Galerkin finite element method for solving flow problems in porous media encounters some difficulties such as numerical oscillation at the shock front and discontinuity of the velocity field on element faces.Discontinuity of velocity field leads this method not to conserve mass locally.Moreover,the accuracy and stability of a solution is highly affected by a non-conservative method.In this paper,a three dimensional control volume finite element method is developed for twophase fluid flow simulation which overcomes the deficiency of the standard finite element method,and attains high-orders of accuracy at a reasonable computational cost.Moreover,this method is capable of handling heterogeneity in a very rational way.A fully implicit scheme is applied to temporal discretization of the governing equations to achieve an unconditionally stable solution.The accuracy and efficiency of the method are verified by simulating some waterflooding experiments.Some representative examples are presented to illustrate the capability of the method to simulate two-phase fluid flow in heterogeneous porous media.

A NEW MODELING METHOD FOR MACHINE-FOUNDATION COUPLING SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE CONTROL OF POWER FLOW

A new concept, namely, the equivalent mobility matrix of coupling subsystem is proposed, and the corresponding threesubsystem coupling progressive approach is explored. With the new efficient approach presented, the complexity in dealing with a more complicated dynamic coupling system is greatly reduced. The new modeling method is then combined with the theory of power flow to investigate the dynamics of the overall non rigid isolation system from the viewpoint of energy. The interaction between the resilient machine of its main modes and the resonant behavior of the flexible foundation on power flow transmission is studied. Taking a machine tool mounted on a multi story working plant as an example, the dynamic characteristics of the machine foundation coupling system are analyzed, and their effects on power flow transmission are revealed under various service frequency bands. Some advisable control strategies and the design principle for machinery mounted on flexible structure are proposed.

A new control method based on the lattice hydrodynamic model considering the double flux difference

A new feedback control method is derived based on the lattice hydrodynamic model in a single lane. A signal based on the double flux difference is designed in the lattice hydrodynamic model to suppress the traffic jam. The stability of the model is analyzed by using the new control method. The advantage of the new model with and without the effect of double flux difference is explored by the numerical simulation. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the traffic jam can be alleviated by the control signal.

A New Method to Track Resin Flow Fronts in Mold Filling Simulation of RTM Process

A new method to track resin flow fronts, referred to as the topological interpolated method (TIM), which is based onfilling states and topological relations of adjacent nodes was proposed. An experiment on the mould filling process wasconducted. It was compared with exact solutions and the experimental results, and good agreements were observed.Numerical and experimental comparisons with the conventional contour mathod were also carried out, and it showedthat TIM could enhance the local accuracy of flow front solutions with respect to the contour method when mergingflow fronts and resin approaching the mold wall were involved.

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER WITH SURFACE SUCTION OR BLOWING USING VORTICITY-VELOCITY METHOD

A vorticity-velocity method was used to study the incompressible viscous fluid flow around a circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing. The resulted high order implicit difference equations were effeciently solved by the modified incomplete LU decomposition conjugate gradient scheme ( MILU-CG). The effects of surface suction or blowing' s position and strength on the vortex structures in the cylinder wake, as well as on the drag and lift forces at Reynoldes number Re = 100 were investigated numerically. The results show that the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder or the blowing on the rear of the cylinder can effeciently suppress the asymmetry of the vortex wake in the transverse direction and greatly reduce the lift force; the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder, when its strength is properly chosen, can reduce the drag force significantly, too.

Bulk Flow方法分析孔型密封转子动力特性的有效性

基于Kleynhans和Childs的两控制容积等温BF(Bulk Flow)模型,通过增加能量方程和理想气体状态方程,建立了理想气体BF方法的数学模型,来预测和分析孔型密封转子在偏心状态下的静力学和动力学特性.由于转子在密封中心附近做微小涡动,故可通过采用摄动方法使得NS方程的求解过程得到较大的简化,再通过迭代求解简化后的零阶和一阶摄动方程组,就可以求出孔型密封的流场和动力特性系数.以此为依据发展了相关程序,计算出了不同工况条件下孔型密封的转子动力特性系数与激振频率的关系,通过与已有的实验数据和等温BF模型的计算结果进行对比,验证了理想气体BF模型及相关求解方法的有效性.结果表明:理想气体BF模型的预测结果与实验数据吻合良好,且优于等温BF模型的计算结果,证明了该理想气体BF模型的正确性和计算方法的可靠性.该方法可用于孔型密封动力特性的预测.

Effects of T-S wave amplitude on the control of boundary layer transition by streaks

The effects of streaks on boundary layer transition depend on the initial amplitude of T-S waves introduced to excite the transition. This problem was studied in a flat-plate boundary layer in water tunnel by using hydrogen bubble method. Three T-S wave initial amplitudes were tested. The results show that both narrow and wide-spacing streaks depress the transition excited by T-S waves with lower initial amplitude. However, when transition is excited by T-S waves of higher initial amplitude, the narrow-spacing streaks depress the transition, while the wide-spacing streaks promote the transition. Futrther the underlying mechanisms were also analyzed.

Risk Control of Transmission Line Overload for Wind-Integrated Power Systems

With the rapid development of the wind generation,uncertainties of random wind and load bring some inevitable impacts on the security of power system. Once the uncertainty causes line power to exceed its limit, line overload will occur. The paper presents the risk control of transmission line overload for windintegrated power systems. Firstly, a risk control model of line overload is proposed considering the uncertainties of loads,generator outputs and wind powers. The generation cost and security level of system associated with overload can be optimally controlled. Then path following interior point method is employed to carry out the optimal control. Finally the simulation is made on the modified IEEE-30 bus system. Results show that the risk of line overload is effectively reduced through the optimization of control variables.

基于分布式潮流控制器的海上风电系统谐波治理方法和控制策略

由于电力电缆的电容效应,海上风电经电缆汇集系统极易出现谐波谐振放大的现象,造成电能质量的下降。分布式潮流控制器属于基于电压源换流器的装置,在进行潮流调节的同时也能进行谐波治理。文中首先构建了海上风电系统的频域相关模型,基于该模型分析了谐波谐振放大的原因;随后,采用了将分布式潮流控制器串入海上风电系统的谐波治理方式,推导并得到了含分布式潮流控制器的海上风电系统的谐波特性。基于该谐波特性,设计了一种控制策略。该策略通过控制分布式潮流控制器实时跟踪使并网点谐波电压幅值为零的谐波补偿电压,从而降低并网点的谐波电压含量。仿真结果表明,所提出的基于分布式潮流控制器的海上风电系统谐波治理方法和控制策略能够有效地降低并网点的谐波电压,改善电能质量。

基于电压补偿的双端直流配电网电压就地协调控制

双端直流配电网是一种双端电源供电的网络结构,可为直流负荷提供更加稳定和可靠的电源电压。然而,负荷的功率波动和不平衡使线路电压跌落增大,可能导致直流负荷的电压不平衡度和电压偏差指标越限,影响直流负荷的正常运行。文中基于电压源型换流器(VSC)外环电压控制,考虑中线电压补偿,提出基于电压补偿等效模型的直流配电网电压偏差及不平衡度联合抑制策略,实现直流配电网电压就地协调控制。首先,建立双端直流配电网潮流模型,将VSC电压下垂控制引入潮流模型,分析不同控制策略下的电压偏差和不平衡度的特性。其次,在此基础上,以电压最低点为分点获得双端电源供电回路压降的简化等效模型,并利用最小二乘法实现等效阻抗参数辨识,构建双端直流配电网的电压补偿等效模型。以参数辨识结果作为电压外环控制输入,提出考虑中线电压补偿的双端直流配电网电压就地协调控制策略。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建仿真模型,验证了双端直流配电网潮流模型的正确性和控制策略的有效性。

级配与拦挡位置对滑坡碎屑流运动影响研究

为了研究不同级配的高位滑坡碎屑流经多级偏转后冲击不同拦挡结构的运动特性以及致灾效应,结合自然地形构建固定坡度和偏转角度均为45°的离散元模型,并利用DEM软件进行数值模拟分析不同拦挡工况和不同级配对碎屑流颗粒运动过程中能量耗散、最终堆积形态,以及碎屑流冲击挡板的作用高度的影响,进而建立相关冲击力学模型。研究结果显示:(1)上下均设置挡板的工况能有效减缓碎屑流颗粒的平均动能和势能,且能有效降低颗粒流翻越挡板的数量,并降低颗粒流的最大运动距离从而减小致灾范围;随着颗粒组级配的增大,势能时程曲线分散点出现的时间越晚,颗粒流最终堆积面积中细颗粒组最大,粗颗粒组最小。(2)当滑槽底部反作用力位置取2/3静止堆积体长度时,计算所得碎屑流最大冲击作用高度与模拟试验结果相接近,力学模型计算的冲击作用高度在0.017~0.138 m。在实际工程中,可按研究相似比对此范围进行加强抗冲击防护。(3)由于侧板的切向力和“颗粒分选效应”,大颗粒会主要冲击挡板的中上部,小颗粒主要冲击挡板的下部,并受偏转角影响集中在一侧,因此工程设计可根据实际情况避免在沟道偏转方向的反向建设工程。研究结果可为高位滑坡碎屑流灾害的治理防护提供参考。

均匀旋转对圆柱水动力及流动结构的影响

基于格子Boltzmann方法 (LBM)对均匀旋转控制下的低雷诺数(Re=100)圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟,得到了转速比从0~10变化下,旋转控制对圆柱水动力及流动结构的影响规律.使用动态模态分解(DMD)对流场特征进行提取,并分析了施加旋转控制之后转速比对流场不同模态和增长率的影响.结果表明,随着转速比增大,圆柱下游流动结构依次呈现出卡门涡街、剪切层、反向剪切层、单侧涡和附着涡5种结构;阻力系数时均值先减小,随后在转速进入单侧涡区间后增大,升力系数与力矩系数的时均值均单调增加,同时,在出现涡脱落的两个转速区间内,水动力出现了明显的波动,且二次失稳时波动幅度更大. DMD的结果表明,圆柱下游的流动结构主要受圆柱壁面的旋转影响而发生改变并产生全新流动模态;旋转会对流动稳定性产生影响:在未充分发展阶段,旋转对流动稳定性的影响不显著,而在充分发展后,各转速下的流场不稳定模态数均远少于未充分发展阶段,随着转速比的增大,流动稳定性会产生不同程度的增强或减弱,且无涡脱落时的稳定性高于有涡脱落时,因此,通过旋转控制抑制尾涡脱落可以有效增强流动的稳定性.

基于多特征提取的合成射流涡流控制机理研究

在横流的底部施加倾斜角为60?的合成射流,并采用大涡模拟(LES)对其周期性涡运动过程进行了数值模拟,研究不同激励参数条件下合成射流与横流相互作用涡环结构的产生机理及演变规律。该文首先利用第三代涡识别方法(Liutex矢量法)对流场中涡环的演变过程进行了运动跟踪,并且定量统计合成射流在不同驱动频率(S_(t)=0.25,0.5,0.75,1)和驱动振幅(A_(0)=1,1.5,2,2.5)下涡旋结构的旋转强度和涡核尺度。此外,采用本征正交分解法(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)方法和动态模态分解(dynamic mode decomposition,DMD)对合成射流特定频率(S_(t)=0.25)及振幅(A_(0)=2.5)下流场速度场进行模态分解,提取影响流场的主特征模态。结果表明:振幅对旋转强度和涡核尺寸大小有正贡献,而频率对旋转强度和涡核尺寸大小有负贡献;合成射流在横流中的涡运动机理可以概括为,在低频低振幅条件下有利于顺时针涡结构的产生,而在高频高振幅条件下有利于逆时针涡结构的产生;基于各阶POD模态的空间结构及频谱特征等特性,流场主特征结构为脱落涡,脱落频率与射流驱动频率一致(S_(t)=0.25)。初级顺时针涡旋结构为涡流控制的主导结构,而每阶模态均为多频耦合;通过DMD对流场信息进行时空解耦,得到了剪切诱导、涡合并等动力特征。多种特征提取方法的结合更有助于合成射流涡流控制机理的深入研究。

考虑动态三相不平衡度的输电线路线损控制方法

为了精准计算线路三相不平衡度并降低线路损耗,治理三相电流不平衡度,研究考虑动态三相不平衡度的输电线路线损控制方法。估算输电线路的三相电压不平衡度,并以其为参考计算输电线路三相电流不平衡度,结合等值电阻法与不平衡度因素计算输电线路的线损,当线路损耗过高时,通过在线路中接入基于电压控制的统一潮流控制器,降低输电线路中的电阻功率值与阻抗,实现输电线路线损控制。实验结果证明,该方法可以有效分析三相不平衡负载下输电线路两端电压、电流波形变化,并准确计算输电线路中三相电流不平衡度,且线损率计算结果准确,控制后线损率呈明显下降趋势。

大渡河干流已建水电站生态基流目标值复核分析

以大渡河干流已建水利水电工程为研究对象开展回顾性评价,为推动后续生态基流研究和水资源管理提供参考。研究采用多种水文学方法,包括Tennant法、Texas法、Q90法、多年最小月平均流量法和NGPRP法,计算大渡河干流已建梯级水电站的生态基流目标值。根据计算结果中各控制断面的最小值、最大值和平均值,建立生态基流目标值的参考区间,分别对应底线、优和良好的标准线,并对大渡河干流已建梯级水电站生态基流目标进行了回顾性评价。结果表明,大多数断面的现行生态基流目标值均在最大和最小参考值区间范围,设置基本合理。针对不同历史条件下或不同行业领域中存在的生态基流相关概念内涵和适用边界条件的不一致问题,以及拦河工程生态基流调度的实际问题,研究提出生态基流目标体系的双指标控制法,并提出了大渡河干流已建梯级水电站生态基流目标建议值,建议双江口、猴子岩、深溪沟、龚嘴、铜街子水电站的生态基流目标采用日均和瞬时双控值,分别设为121/52、160/78、327/188、366/149和366/236 m^(3)/s,而沙湾和安谷水电站均设为366 m^(3)/s。

混行交叉口自动驾驶专用车道与相位优化研究

文中提出了面向HDV/CAV混行交叉口的车道组织与信号控制协同优化模型,支持交叉口CAV专用车道及相位协同优化.以典型城市道路交叉口为例,分析了不同CAV渗透率下交叉口车道配置及信号控制策略的变化规律.结果表明:当CAV渗透率超过60%时,设置CAV专用车道及相位将显著降低交叉口车均延误.且CAV渗透率在70%~90%时,车均延误降幅超过30%;当CAV渗透率在60%~80%时,HDV车辆的延误降幅更为明显.

降低圆柱升力脉动的智能自适应旋转控制

针对圆柱绕流的闭环主动控制问题,采用强化学习获得自适应的控制策略,利用圆柱下游的6个速度测点作为状态反馈,通过施加旋转作用来降低圆柱的升力脉动.为了获得高保真的流场时空演化历程,采用基于格子Boltzmann方法的求解器,其中结合多块网格以获得足够大的计算域并增强对近场流动的解析效果,以及多重直接力浸没边界方法以准确处理旋转圆柱边界.基于该控制回路和高保真数值环境,实现了降低孤立情形下圆柱升力脉动92.5%,降低阻力脉动44.3%的效果,同时尾流回流区长度增大了36.4%.通过局部线性稳定性分析发现,施加控制后流动的绝对不稳定性区域延长36%,此时尾流绝对不稳定区域最不稳定扰动频率偏离涡脱落频率.此外,基于策略迁移学习,在上游圆柱尾流干扰的情形下实现了降低下游圆柱升力脉动95.9%的控制效果,但同时也带来阻力增加约1倍的代价.本研究为降低圆柱升力脉动提供智能自适应旋转控制方案,并为未来开展复杂流动的智能控制提供详细案例参考.

采用下垂控制并网的光伏微电网优化潮流分析

为了控制当前的环境污染问题并解决能源短缺问题,微电网作为新型电力网络逐渐进入人们的视野,为我国能源问题带来了新机遇。相比于传统电网,微电网中存在大量采用下垂控制的电压型电源,其无法等值成传统潮流计算中的节点类型,因此传统电网的潮流计算方法已经不再适用于微电网。从微电网的整体控制策略入手,考虑了孤岛微电网实际存在的不同分布式电源的控制方式。建立了微电网中分布式电源模型与负荷模型。对传统电网潮流计算中应用的牛顿-拉夫逊法进行改进,得到适用于孤岛微电网的潮流计算方法。所提方法的特点是采用全节点雅可比矩阵,所有节点都参与系统的状态变化的修正,不再设置平衡节点,同时将系统频率也纳入了状态变量中。最后对改进的潮流算法进行了验证。

余风量控制法在化学实验室压差控制中的应用

实验室作为科研人员核心工作场所,其室内有毒有害物质职业暴露健康风险直接关系着每一位科研人员的身心健康。余风量控制法作为实验室广泛应用的压差控制方法,是防止有毒有害物质外溢、避免交叉污染的有效工程控制手段,对降低科研人员职业暴露健康风险具有显著效果。文章深入探讨了余风量控制法的应用条件、适用性、设计流程及影响因素,并以某化学实验室为例进行系统阐述,旨在为实验室设计与工程实践提供参考依据。