Extraction Kinetics of Lanthanum in Chloride Medium by Bifunctional Ionic Liquid [A336][CA-12] Using a Constant Interfacial Cell with Laminar Flow

The extraction kinetics of La(III) from aqueous chloride solutions into n-heptane solutions of bifunctional ionic liquid extractant [A336][CA-12](tricaprylmethylammonium sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid) was investigated using a constant interfacial cell with laminar flow. The effects of stirring speed, temperature and specific interfacial area on the extraction rate were examined. The results indicate that mass transfer kinetics of La(III) is a mixed-controlled process influenced by interfacial reaction. On the basis of mass transfer kinetic results in the extraction of La(III) by [A336][CA-12], the extraction rate equation of La(III) is proposed in terms of pseudo-firstorder constants, which is supported by the measured thermodynamic equations. The mass-transfer kinetic model deduced from the rate controlling step is adequate to interpret the experimental data qualitatively.

Convective heat transfer of water flow in intersected rock fractures for enhanced geothermal extraction

Numerous intersected rock fractures constitute the fracture network in enhanced geothermal systems.The complicated convective heat transfer behavior in intersected fractures is critical to the heat recovery in fractured geothermal reservoirs.A series of three-dimensional intersected fracture models is constructed to perform the flow-through heat transfer simulations.The geometry effects of dead-end fractures(DEFs)on the heat transfer are evaluated in terms of intersected angles,apertures,lengths,and the connectivity.The results indicate that annular streamlines appear in the rough DEF and cause an ellipse distribution of the cold front.Compared to plate DEFs,the fluid flow in the rough DEF enhances the heat transfer.Both the increment of outlet water temperatureΔToutand the ratio of heat production Qrpresent the largest at the intersected angle of 90°while decline with the decrease of the intersected angle between the main flow fracture(MFF)and the DEFs.The extension of the length of intersected DEFs is beneficial to heat production while enhancing its aperture is not needed.Solely increasing the number of intersected DEFs induces a little increase of heat extraction,and more significant heat production can be obtained through connecting these DEFs with the MFF forming the flow network.

Classified VPN Network Traffic Flow Using Time Related to Artificial Neural Network

VPNs are vital for safeguarding communication routes in the continually changing cybersecurity world.However,increasing network attack complexity and variety require increasingly advanced algorithms to recognize and categorizeVPNnetwork data.We present a novelVPNnetwork traffic flowclassificationmethod utilizing Artificial Neural Networks(ANN).This paper aims to provide a reliable system that can identify a virtual private network(VPN)traffic fromintrusion attempts,data exfiltration,and denial-of-service assaults.We compile a broad dataset of labeled VPN traffic flows from various apps and usage patterns.Next,we create an ANN architecture that can handle encrypted communication and distinguish benign from dangerous actions.To effectively process and categorize encrypted packets,the neural network model has input,hidden,and output layers.We use advanced feature extraction approaches to improve the ANN’s classification accuracy by leveraging network traffic’s statistical and behavioral properties.We also use cutting-edge optimizationmethods to optimize network characteristics and performance.The suggested ANN-based categorization method is extensively tested and analyzed.Results show the model effectively classifies VPN traffic types.We also show that our ANN-based technique outperforms other approaches in precision,recall,and F1-score with 98.79%accuracy.This study improves VPN security and protects against new cyberthreats.Classifying VPNtraffic flows effectively helps enterprises protect sensitive data,maintain network integrity,and respond quickly to security problems.This study advances network security and lays the groundwork for ANN-based cybersecurity solutions.

Comparison of Co-Current and Counter-Current Flow Fields on Extraction Performance in Micro-Channels

Several applications such as liquid-liquid extraction in micro-fluidic devices are concerned with the flow of two immiscible liquid phases. The commonly observed flow regimes in these systems are slug-flow and stratified flow. The latter regime in micro-channels has the inherent advantage that separation of the two liquids at the exit is efficient. Recently extraction in a stratified counter-current flow has been studied experimentally and it has been shown to be more efficient than co-current flow. An analytical as well as a numerical method to determine the steady-state solution of the corresponding convection-diffusion equation for the two flow-fields is presented. It is shown that the counter-current process is superior to the co-current process for the same set of parameters and operating conditions. A simplified model is proposed to analyse the process when diffusion in the transverse direction is not rate limiting. Different approaches to determining mass transfer coefficient are compared. The concept of log mean temperature difference used in design of heat exchangers is extended to describe mass transfer in the system.

Kinetics of cerium(Ⅳ) and fluoride extraction from sulfuric solutions using bifunctional ionic liquid extractant(Bif-ILE)[A336][P204]

The extraction kinetics of Ce（Ⅳ） and Ce（Ⅳ）-F^- mixture systems from sulfuric solutions to n-heptane solution containing Bif-ILE[A336][P204]（[trialkylmethylammonium][di-2-ethylhewanxylphosphinate]） with a constant interfacial area cell with laminar flow were studied,just to elucidate the extraction mechanism and the mass transfer models.The data were analyzed in terms of pseudo-first-order constants.The effects of stirring speed,specific interfacial area and temperature on the extraction rate in both systems were discussed,suggesting that the extractions were mixed bulk phases-interfacial control process.Supported by the experimental data,the corresponding rate equations for Ce（Ⅳ） extraction system and Ce（Ⅳ）-F^- mixture extraction system were obtained.The experimental results indicated the rate-controlling step.The kinetics model was deduced from the rate-controlling step and consistent with the rate equation.

Solid Phase Extraction Chemiluminescence Determination of Methamidaphos on Vegetables

The determination of the methamidaphos pesticide residue on vegetables with a simple solid phase extract（SPE） flow injection（FI） -chemiluminescence（CL） method is described. The method is based on the enhancing effect of methamidaphos on the CL reaction of luminol with hydrogen peroxide in an alkaline solution. Under the optimal conditions, the CL intensity is linear to the methamidaphos mass concentration in a range of 0. 2-13μg/mL （ r= 0. 9992）. The detection limit（3σ） is 0. 047μg/mL. The relative standard deviations for the analysis of three samples are 1.8%, 2.5% and 3.7% （ n = 5 ）, respectively. The recovery is in a range of 90%-109% by the method. In this work, this method was successfully applied to the determination of the methamidaphos residue on some vegetable samples.

Orbital decompression surgery and horse chestnut seed extract improved superior orbital vein blood flow in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

AIM： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orbital decomposition （OD） surgery in combination with horse chestnut seed extract （HCSE）, as compared to OD atone, in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy （TAO）. METHODS： Sixty-two orbits from 62 TAO patients were randomly assigned to OD or OD＋HCSE at 1：1 ratio （31 received OD alone, 31 received OD ＋HCSE）. Forty-two orbits from 21 healthy subjects were used as controls. Complete ophthalmic examination and color Doppler flow imaging （CDFI） were performed before surgery and 3mo post-surgery on all 62 orbits from the TAO patients. CDFI were also performed on the 42 control orbits, The effect of OD ＋HCSE and OD alone on TAO orbits was compared on several endpoints, including superior ophthalmic vein blood flow （SOVBF） parameters, subjective assessment, soft tissue involvement, lid retraction, diplopia, eye movement restriction, degree of exophthalmos, and intraocular pressure. The control orbits were used as reference for the SOVBF parameters. RESULTS： OD surgery with or without HCSE improved SOVBF, symptoms and soft tissue involvement, decreased degree of exophthalmos and intraocular pressure in orbits of TAO patients. The OD ＋HCSE combination led to significantly better improvement of SOVBF than OD alone. The differences between the reductions of SOVBF in the two groups are 1.26 cmls in max-volecity and 0.52 cm/s in min-voiecity （P〈0.0001）. CONCLUSION： SOVBF is significantly reduced in the orbits affected with TAO, indicating that congestion may be an important factor contributing to TAO pathogenesis. OD surgery improves the SOVBF, and combination of HCSE medication and OD surgery further improved venous return than OD surgery alone.

The Impact on Extraction Effect of Polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum by Different Pretreatment

[Objectives] The research aimed to study the impact on extraction effect of polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum( lingzhi) by different pretreatment methods. [Methods] The impacts on extraction of G. lucidum polysaccharide by soaking,microwave and air flow fine pulverization were contrasted,and the extraction effect of G. lucidum polysaccharide by combining the optimal pretreatment manner with hot water extraction,alcohol extraction,alkali extraction,ultrasonic binding enzyme extraction,and microwave extraction was compared. Finally,the property of G. lucidum polysaccharide obtained after air flow fine pulverization pretreatment was detected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. [Results] The optimal pretreatment method was air flow fine pulverization. Compared with traditional method-direct extraction( coarse grinding combining hot water extraction),crude yield changed little,while polysaccharide content and yield were improved by 114% and 104%. The best combination manner was air flow fine pulverization pretreatment combining with alkali extraction. Compared with traditional method,crude yield,polysaccharide content and yield were improved by 76%,78% and 215% respectively. The property of G. lucidum polysaccharide obtained after air flow fine pulverization pretreatment was detected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. It was found that the treatment method had little impact on the property of G. lucidum polysaccharide. [Conclusions]Air flow fine pulverization pretreatment could greatly improve extraction effect of G. lucidum polysaccharide,which mainly improved the content and yield of G. lucidum polysaccharide,and extraction was more complete,with less impact on the property of the extracted polysaccharide. It was speculated that air flow fine pulverization pretreatment mainly destroyed mechanical support wall membrane structure of G. lucidum fine powder,making that intracellular functional substances completely dissolved out of the cell,and the content would be studied in follow-up experiment.

Numerical Simulation of Enhanced Oil-Water Separation in a Three-Stage Double-Stirring Extraction Tank

Numerical simulation of enhanced fluid flow characteristics in a three-stage double-stirring extraction tank was conducted with the coupling of an Eulerian multiphase flow model and a Morsi-Alexander interphase drag force model. Results show that the addition of a stirring device into the settler can efficiently reduce the volume fraction of out-of-phase impurity in the outlet, and accelerate the settling separation of oil-water mixture. Such addition can also effectively break down the oil-water-wrapped liquid droplets coming from the mixer, inhibit reflux from the outlet, and improve the oil-water separation. The addition of a stirring device induces ignorable power consumption compared with that by the mixer, and can thus facilitate the commercialized promotion of this novel equipment.

Design aspect of a novel L-shaped pulsed column for liquid–liquid extraction applications: Energy consumption and the characteristics velocity concept

This article deals with the evaluation of the consumption of energy for a steady state solvent extraction in a novel L-shaped pulsed sieve-plate column, which is highly required for design and optimization of the periodic flow processes for industrial applications. In this regard, a comprehensive evaluation on the energy consumption in case of a pulsed flow for three different chemical systems is conducted and besides the influence of pulsation intensity, the effect of geometrical parameters including the plate spacing and the plate free area is investigated as well. Moreover, the concept of characteristic velocity models at flooding points is evaluated with respect to the variation of pressure drop along the column at different operational conditions.

An Efficient HW/SW Design for Text Extraction from Complex Color Image

In the context of constructing an embedded system to help visually impaired people to interpret text,in this paper,an efficient High-level synthesis(HLS)Hardware/Software(HW/SW)design for text extraction using the Gamma Correction Method(GCM)is proposed.Indeed,the GCM is a common method used to extract text from a complex color image and video.The purpose of this work is to study the complexity of the GCM method on Xilinx ZCU102 FPGA board and to propose a HW implementation as Intellectual Property(IP)block of the critical blocks in this method using HLS flow with taking account the quality of the text extraction.This IP is integrated and connected to the ARM Cortex-A53 as coprocessor in HW/SW codesign context.The experimental results show that theHLS HW/SW implementation of the GCM method on ZCU102 FPGA board allows a reduction in processing time by about 89%compared to the SW implementation.This result is given for the same potency and strength of SW implementation for the text extraction.

基于孤立森林算法的弹性光网络异常流量自动识别方法

弹性光网络流量传输受到时间波动导致异常,为了提高网络传输稳定性,提出基于孤立森林算法的弹性光网络异常流量自动识别算法。根据流量的异常分布特征和正常数据的差异性进行波谱密度检测,构建弹性光网络流量的谱特征提取模型,通过低通滤波器卷积向量重组,实现对异常流量的谱特征筛选,采用孤立森林算法实现对网络流量异常检测的自适应寻优控制,结合多维空间结构重组方法实现对弹性光网络异常流量检测和识别。结果表明,漏检率及误检率较低,分别为3.16%,1.03%。检测用时较少,仅用16秒。在进行检测时,外部入侵率未超过1%,抗扰性较强。

一种剃须刀外壳注塑模具设计

以一种剃须刀外壳的设计为基础,通过分析产品结构特征,设计了一模两腔,动、定模多个斜向复杂抽芯的结构,并运用模流分析软件模拟产品的填充、保压、冷却过程。发现该模具结构设计合理,开合模动作准确可靠,多个斜向抽芯之间无干涉,产品成型表面质量较好,可以达到客户的需求。模具结构新颖,可以为同类设计提供借鉴。

基于UNet3+生成对抗网络的视频异常检测

为解决传统视频异常检测方法在不同场景下多尺度特征提取不完全的问题,提出两种方法:一种是用于简单场景的基于UNet3+的生成对抗网络方法(简称U3P^(2)),另一种是用于复杂场景的基于UNet++的生成对抗网络方法(简称UP^(3))。两种方法分别对连续输入的视频帧生成预测,引入多种损失函数和光流模型学习其外观与运动信息,通过计算AUC进行性能评估。U3P^(2)方法以6.3 M参数量在Ped2数据集的AUC提升约0.6%,而UP^(3)方法在Avenue数据集的AUC提升约0.8%,验证其能够有效应对不同场景下的异常检测任务。

非结构化网格下海洋流场的特征提取与种子点选取算法

对于非结构化网格流场数据,现有研究存在不能定位流场中临界点的具体位置、无法对临界点精细分类以及缺乏适用于非结构化网格的种子点选取算法等问题。针对上述问题,基于非结构化网格流场数据,分别在临界点提取和种子点选取方法上进行改进创新。提出非结构化网格中临界点的定位及分类方法,通过庞加莱指数法判断存在临界点的三角网格。构造质心迭代法定位临界点在网格中的准确位置,并设计三角网格内雅克比矩阵的构造方法,将临界点精细分类。基于非结构化网格提出基于最大得分和网格密度的种子点选取算法,先比较相邻格点的标量值大小来计算每个格点的得分,形成“最大得分”标量场,再按照网格密度动态设置阈值,将得分大于阈值的格点选为种子点,接着以种子点为起始点生成流线,生成的流线可以表达出流场的关键特征与全局信息。基于多个海域流场数据的实验结果表明,临界点分类的准确率可达99%以上,证明了临界点提取算法的准确性以及种子点选取算法对提升流场可视化效果的有效性。

在线流动-蒸馏法分析药食同源食品中二氧化硫残留量

采用在线流动-蒸馏法测定分析百合、芡实药食同源食品中二氧化硫残留量,采用碱性溶液震荡提取,流动注射法分析了多批次百合、芡实药食同源的二氧化硫残留量,在0.5~10.0 mg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数R2=0.9991,平均回收率97.3%,RSD为2.1%~4.6%,检出限为1.0 mg/kg,定量限为3.0 mg/kg。实验结果与传统蒸馏滴定法比较,两种方法结果没有显著性差异。该方法提取方式简单、耗时短、准确度高,适用于大批量药食同源食品分析检测。

贵州省地热流体资源可开采资源量研究

综合贵州省地热研究相关成果资料,分析贵州省地热流体资源赋存条件及地热水资源分布特征,以此为基础将贵州省划分为110个地热资源量估算区,参照省内地热流体资源主要集中在断裂带周边的实际特点,采用设计布井法、泉(井)流量统计法和比拟法对贵州地热流体可开采资源量进行估算。结果表明:贵州地热流体资源的形成和分布,受省内地质构造特点及其在全国构造所处部位的控制,地热资源成因类型可划分为沉积盆地传导型地热储和隆起山地断裂对流型地热储,总体热储温度一般小于90℃,为低温地热资源;估算出贵州省地热流体可开采资源总量为23190.37 m^(3)/a,其中设计布井法估算的资源量为15926.22 m^(3)/a,天然温泉可开采资源量1183.34 m^(3)/a,地热井可开采资源量6080.80 m^(3)/a,总热能906933.97 Kw,年开采累计可利用热能量476.68×10^(8)MJ。所估算的地热流体可采资源量可为贵州省地热资源的勘查开发规划提供参考依据。

优先提锂湿法工艺回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池

文章详细介绍了一种优先提锂湿法回收碳酸锂的工艺流程,先用碱除铝,再酸浸分离磷酸铁,除杂后沉锂,工艺流程简化、试剂消耗量小、锂浸出选择性较高,工艺经济效益相对更好,可以为磷酸铁锂电池回收企业提供一种工艺流程简化、试剂消耗量小、锂浸出选择性较高、工艺经济效益相对更好的工艺技术路线。

高压氧联合银杏叶提取物治疗老年血管性痴呆疗效观察

目的探讨高压氧联合银杏叶提取物治疗老年血管性痴呆的临床疗效。方法选择2019年1月至2022年12月在郑州市第九人民医院就诊的132例老年血管性痴呆患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组66例。2组患者均给予常规治疗,在此基础上,对照组患者给予高压氧治疗,每日1次;观察组患者给予高压氧联合银杏叶提取物治疗,每日1次;2组患者均连续治疗1个月。分别于治疗前后采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)和Barthel指数评估2组患者的认知功能和日常生活活动能力,并依据MoCA评分和Barthel指数评估2组患者治疗后的临床疗效。分别于治疗前后采用经颅多普勒超声仪检测2组患者大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉、大脑中动脉及椎动脉平均血流速度等脑血流动力学指标。结果治疗前2组患者MoCA评分及Barthel指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组患者MoCA评分及Barthel指数均高于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组患者的MoCA评分及Barthel指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,对照组和观察组患者总有效率分别为84.85%(56/66)和95.45%(63/66),观察组患者总有效率显著高于对照组(χ^(2)=4.181,P<0.05)。治疗前2组患者大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉、大脑中动脉及椎动脉平均血流速度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组患者大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉、大脑中动脉及椎动脉平均血流速度大于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组患者大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉、大脑中动脉及椎动脉平均血流速度大于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间对照组和观察组患者总不良反应发生率分别为16.67%(11/66)、18.18%(12/66),2组患者总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.218,P>0.05)。结论高压氧联合银杏叶提取物可更显著地改善老年血管性痴呆患者脑血流状态和认知功能障碍,提高患者日常生活活动能力,总体疗效好,且安全性高。

A data-driven model of drop size prediction based on artificial neural networks using small-scale data sets

An artificial neural network(ANN)method is introduced to predict drop size in two kinds of pulsed columns with small-scale data sets.After training,the deviation between calculate and experimental results are 3.8%and 9.3%,respectively.Through ANN model,the influence of interfacial tension and pulsation intensity on the droplet diameter has been developed.Droplet size gradually increases with the increase of interfacial tension,and decreases with the increase of pulse intensity.It can be seen that the accuracy of ANN model in predicting droplet size outside the training set range is reach the same level as the accuracy of correlation obtained based on experiments within this range.For two kinds of columns,the drop size prediction deviations of ANN model are 9.6%and 18.5%and the deviations in correlations are 11%and 15%.