Experimental Simulation Study of Smoke Flowing Properties in Running Train

Tbe experimental simulation has been performed to investigate the smoke flowing properties within the 1/5 reduced-scale model of a sleeping carriage. The velocity field of the running train on fire is simulated in a wind tunnel of the State Key Lab of Fire Science, USTC (University of Science & Technology of China). In this paper, the fire-smoking properties and the variation of the temperature field in the sleeping carriage are analyzed. This paper introduces the simulation method of reducedscale experiment about the running train and the analysis or the experimental data. It provides the basis of experiment for the running train’s fire-safety and full-scale experiment in the future study.

The fast method and convergence analysis of the fractional magnetohydrodynamic coupled flow and heat transfer model for the generalized second-grade fluid

In this paper,we first establish a new fractional magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)coupled flow and heat transfer model for a generalized second-grade fluid.This coupled model consists of a fractional momentum equation and a heat conduction equation with a generalized form of Fourier law.The second-order fractional backward difference formula is applied to the temporal discretization and the Legendre spectral method is used for the spatial discretization.The fully discrete scheme is proved to be stable and convergent with an accuracy of O(τ^(2)+N-r),whereτis the time step-size and N is the polynomial degree.To reduce the memory requirements and computational cost,a fast method is developed,which is based on a globally uniform approximation of the trapezoidal rule for integrals on the real line.The strict convergence of the numerical scheme with this fast method is proved.We present the results of several numerical experiments to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Finally,we simulate the unsteady fractional MHD flow and heat transfer of the generalized second-grade fluid through a porous medium.The effects of the relevant parameters on the velocity and temperature are presented and analyzed in detail.

Numerical simulation of non-Archie electrophysical property of saturated rock with lattice Boltzmann method

The electrophysical property of saturated rocks is very important for reservoir identification and evaluation. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） was used to study the electrophysical property of rock saturated with fluid because of its advantages over conventional numerical approaches in handling complex pore geometry and boundary conditions. The digital core model was constructed through the accumulation of matrix grains based on their radius distribution obtained by the measurements of core samples. The flow of electrical current through the core model saturated with oil and water was simulated on the mesoscopic scale to reveal the non-Archie relationship between resistivity index and water saturation （I-Sw）. The results from LBM simulation and laboratory measurements demonstrated that the I-Sw relation in the range of low water saturation was generally not a straight line in the log-log coordinates as described by the Archie equation. We thus developed a new equation based on numerical simulation and physical experiments. This new equation was used to fit the data from laboratory core measurements and previously published data. Determination of fluid saturation and reservoir evaluation could be significantly improved by using the new equation.

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of high-order statistics in isotropic turbulent flows

The lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） is coupled with the multiple-relaxation- time （MRT） collision model and the three-dimensional 19-discrete-velocity （D3Q19） model to resolve intermittent behaviors on small scales in isotropic turbulent flows. The high- order scaling exponents of the velocity structure functions, the probability distribution functions of Lagrangian accelerations, and the local energy dissipation rates are investi- gated. The self-similarity of the space-time velocity structure functions is explored using the extended self-similarity （ESS） method, which was originally developed for velocity spatial structure functions. The scaling exponents of spatial structure functions at up to ten orders are consistent with the experimental measurements and theoretical results, implying that the LBM can accurately resolve the intermittent behaviors. This valida~ tion provides a solid basis for using the LBM to study more complex processes that are sensitive to small scales in turbulent flows, such as the relative dispersion of pollutants and mesoscale structures of preferential concentration of heavy particles suspended in turbulent flows.

履齿结构对深海沉积物扰动分析

为探究集矿车在行进过程中履带运动对深海沉积物的扰动机理,并建立适用于机械结构与沉积物作用的仿真模型,结合水槽实验和模拟分析,设定对照试验,研究机械结构运动对沉积物的扰动作用和羽状流扩散现象。实验与仿真结果表明:偏置一字形履齿低扰动性能较好,扰动最大速度在1.5 m/s以下;扰动源的下陷深度和转速对水槽中的浊度变化有显著影响,浊度计最大和最小测量值为4 381.3 mg/L和3 073.3 mg/L,相差29.9%,峰值时间相差超过50%。搭建欧拉多相流模型,设定参数和边界条件,仿真与试验结果接近,可用于后续开展小范围内的机械扰动研究。

土壤学互融互补混合式智慧教学模式改革成效

土壤学是理论系统性高和应用实践性强的重要专业基础课。探索基于网络信息技术的土壤学线上线下混合式教学的新型模式,对于全面推进新时代一流专业建设及一流专业人才培养至关重要。综合应用文献查阅法、问卷调查法和经验总结法,以优化教学内容和变革教学策略为途径,构建土壤学“互融互补混合式智慧教学模式”。这一新型教学模式包含“思政元素、专业应用、学科前沿、行业发展”的四元融合知识体系、“课前-课中-课后”三环渐进混合式智慧教学方式、“一、二课堂互补,现实虚拟互补”的二维互补实践创新能力培养体系。模式实施以来有力地提升土壤学“一流课程”“思政示范课”建设质效,以及富有“三农”情怀、能“识土-辨土-用土-改土”的新农科复合型高级人才质量,为其他传统专业课改革提供借鉴。

基于Web的凝汽器热力特性虚拟实验设计

基于Web的凝汽器热力特性虚拟实验,以某660 MW超超临界机组的凝汽器系统为原型,采用两相流仿真模型作为虚拟实验底层计算模型,准确模拟凝汽器系统的参数变化和热力过程的动态特性,直观形象地展示了凝汽器的特性曲线,填补了学生脱离实物设备无法实验的空白。该虚拟实验改变了实验教学方式,改善了教学效果;培养了学生对凝汽器系统的认识和理解能力,提高了学生的工程实践能力以及创新能力。

基于大尺寸工程模型的排尘系统实验及参数优化

为解决某高瓦斯矿综掘面粉尘污染问题,通过COMSOL软件对压入式通风下粉尘于不同区域运移特性进行研究;选取3种排尘系统参数(风筒风速、压风距离、风筒悬挂高度),以进风侧、回风侧及掘进机操作台位置粉尘质量浓度为分析指标,借助大尺寸工程模型对每种参数下4个方案进行相似实验,优选排尘系统参数。结果表明:压风出口处负压影响下掘进机机尾存在粉尘回流,并于掘进机操作台处积聚;排尘系统参数以风筒风速16~20 m/s、压风距离8~11 m、风筒悬挂高度3.4~3.7 m设置时,掘进机操作台位置最大粉尘质量浓度降低49.02%,排尘40 min清除掘进机两侧96.58%浮尘,提升了压入式通风为基础的排尘系统抑尘效果及排尘效率。

基于冲击回波法的钢衬混凝土内部缺陷探测研究

针对冲击回波法多用于单一结构厚度和缺陷检测且在组合结构缺陷识别领域应用较少的问题,提出了基于冲击回波法检测钢衬混凝土组合结构构件厚度公式。首先采用数值模拟方法探究弹性波在钢衬混凝土内部的传播特性,分析缺陷埋深对冲击回波法特征参数的影响,然后开展室内模型试验研究,进一步验证公式的准确性。结果表明,提出的冲击回波法检测组合结构构件厚度计算公式能较好地适用于钢衬混凝土构件现场检测,现场冲击回波法检测获取的卓越频率可真实反映钢衬混凝土结构混凝土内部质量缺陷。

基于FLOW-3D软件的旋流起旋室水力特性数值模拟

文章采用FLOW-3D软件,通过RNGk-ε模型和volume of fluid(VOF)方法相结合,实现了竖井水平旋流泄洪洞水力特性的三维水流流场数值模拟;对开敞式进水口轴线与旋流洞轴线交角不同时起旋室的压强分布、旋流角和紊动能等水力特性进行了对比分析研究,数值模拟能够客观地反映起旋室旋流的流场特性,成果可为旋流溢洪道的研究应用提供参考.

基于Flow-3D的陡坡弯道水流三维数值模拟

弯道急流有其独特的冲击波现象,流态极其复杂,为研究弯道对急流的影响和提出改善措施增添了困难。采用RNG k-ε双方程紊流模型和VOF法,以某工程溢洪道为依托,利用Flow-3D软件,对陡坡弯道段的急流进行了三维数值模拟,通过物理模型试验数据的验证,显示数值模拟结果的正确性。通过计算结果,分析了陡坡弯道对急流流态的影响,提出了导流墙法的弯道急流优化方案,通过物理模型进一步证明,采用导流墙法可有效改善急流弯道水流流态,表明借助Flow-3D软件对弯道水流进行三维数值模拟是可行的。

基于可压缩两相流模型的注射成型填充模拟

基于现有的超算平台及有限体积法计算程序,开发了一种用于注射成型的三维数值模拟计算模型。该模型数值方法基于可压缩两相流,考虑了熔体和气体的密度变化,即将熔体和空气这两种不同性质的流体,采用同一套控制方程进行计算。采用有限体积法进行离散,通过压力隐式算子分割算法(PISO)求解压力-速度耦合方程组,结合流体体积(VOF)法进行界面追踪。首先模拟了带圆柱嵌件的平板型腔填充过程,采用六面体为主导的方法划分了三种不同网格系统,定量比较三种网格下的速度基本一致,从而验证了网格的收敛性。考虑到计算效率,选取M2(网格数为106876个)网格系统,模拟了温度、剪切速率和压力在不同截面上的分布。结果表明,在填充时间(t)为0.6,0.8,1.4 s时刻下熔体流体前沿的界面追踪模拟与实验吻合;在更复杂的不均匀厚度凹槽平板熔体填充模拟过程中,塑料熔体注入型腔时,会先在薄壁凹槽内流动,随后流进厚壁区域。在t为0.125,0.25,0.375 s时刻下的流动前沿会产生形状像喷泉的流锋,这种流动现象可以通过三维模型预测,与商业软件仿真结果呈现基本一致。随着填充速率的增大,注射压力数值与Moldflow结果更接近。

冷媒温度和渗流速度对富水砂层冻结温度场的影响规律研究

针对天津地区地铁隧道施工中存在富水砂层等复杂水文地质条件下的冻结问题,通过室内模型试验和数值模拟的结合,研究了冷媒温度和渗流速度对砂土冻结温度场、交圈时间和冻结壁发展的影响。研究结果表明:随着冷媒温度降低,冻结管附近的温度梯度越陡,冻结壁也变得更厚。渗流存在时,渗流水将冷量从上游带到下游,阻碍了冻结壁在上游方向的发展,同时在一定程度上推动了冻结壁在下游方向的发展,导致冻结壁厚度不均匀。最终,冻结壁的形状从静水时的圆形发展为心形。在实际工程中,采用注浆等手段减缓渗流速度,并降低冷媒温度,可缩短交圈时间,确保冻结进程顺利进行。

玛瑙河三道坝流场的数值模拟分析

为验证玛瑙河三道坝体型设计的合理性,采用Fluent软件对三道坝流场进行了数值模拟,分析了三道坝泄流能力、水面线、底板压强、水流空化系数及典型断面流速分布等重要水力参数。数值模拟与公式计算结果吻合较好,说明数值模拟的模型建立、网格划分、边界条件定义、参数选取合适,Fluent软件能用于溢流坝的水力特性研究,可以供大坝体形优化设计参考。

Theoretical and experimental investigation of gas metal arc weld pool in commercially pure aluminum:Effect of welding current on geometry

Effects of welding current on temperature and velocity fields during gas metal arc welding(GMAW) of commercially pure aluminum were simulated. Equations of conservation of mass, energy and momentum were solved in a three-dimensional transient model using FLOW-3 D software. The mathematical model considered buoyancy and surface tension driving forces. Further, effects of droplet heat content and impact force on weld pool surface deformation were added to the model. The results of simulation showed that an increase in the welding current could increase peak temperature and the maximum velocity in the weld pool. The weld pool dimensions and width of the heat-affected zone(HAZ) were enlarged by increasing the welding current. In addition, dimensionless Peclet, Grashof and surface tension Reynolds numbers were calculated to understand the importance of heat transfer by convection and the roles of various driving forces in the weld pool. In order to validate the model, welding experiments were conducted under several welding currents. The predicted weld pool dimensions were compared with the corresponding experimental results, and good agreement between simulation and preliminary test results was achieved.

A LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF THE NEAR WAKE OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

Viscous flow around a circular cylinder at a subcritical Reynolds number is investigated using a large eddy simulation (LES) coupled with the Smagorinsky subgrid-scale (SGS) model. A fractional-step method with a second-order in time and a combined finite-difference/spectral approximations are used to solve the filtered three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Calculations have been performed with and without the SGS model. Turbulence statistical behaviors and flow structures in the near wake of the cylinder are studied. Some calculated results, including the lift and drag coefficients, shedding frequency, peak Reynolds stresses, and time-average velocity profile, are in good agreement with the experimental and computational data, which shows that the Smagorinsky model can reasonably predict the global features of the flow and some turbulent statistical behaviors.

Modeling and Generating Realistic Background Traffic by Hybrid Approach

One of the key challenges in largescale network simulation is the huge computation demand in fine-grained traffic simulation.Apart from using high-performance computing facilities and parallelism techniques,an alternative is to replace the background traffic by simplified abstract models such as fluid flows.This paper suggests a hybrid modeling approach for background traffic,which combines ON/OFF model with TCP activities.The ON/OFF model is to characterize the application activities,and the ordinary differential equations(ODEs) based on fluid flows is to describe the TCP congestion avoidance functionality.The apparent merits of this approach are(1) to accurately capture the traffic self-similarity at source level,(2) properly reflect the network dynamics,and(3) efficiently decrease the computational complexity.The experimental results show that the approach perfectly makes a proper trade-off between accuracy and complexity in background traffic simulation.

Blade Shape Optimization of Liquid Turbine Flow Sensor

Based on the characteristic curve analysis, the method using D(K^2) square difference of meter factor at different flow rates was developed to evaluate the performance of turbine flow sensor in this study. Then according to the distribution of entrance velocity, it was supposed that reducing the blade area near the tip could decrease the linearity error of a sensor. Therefore, the influence of different blade shape parameters on the performance of the sensor was investigated by combining computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation with experimental test. The experimental results showed that, for the liquid turbine flow sensor with a diameter of 10 mm, the linearity error was smallest, and the performance of sensor was optimal when blade shape parameter equaled 0.25.

LES Investigation of Drag-Reducing Mechanism of Turbulent Channel Flow with Surfactant Additives

In this work,the drag-reducing mechanism of high-Reynoldsnumber turbulent channel flow with surfactant additives is investigated by using large eddy simulation(LES)method.An N-parallel finitely extensible nonlinear elastic model with Peterlin’s approximation(FENE-P)is used to describe the rheological behaviors of non-Newtonian fluid with surfactant.To close the filtered LES equations,a hybrid subgrid scale(SGS)model coupling the spatial filter and temporal filter is applied to compute the subgrid stress and other subfilter terms.The finite difference method and projection algorithm are adopted to solve the LES governing equations.To validate the correctness of our LES method and in-house code,the particle image velocimetry(PIV)experiment is carried out and representative measured results are compared with LES results in detail.Then the flow characteristics and drag-reducing mechanism of turbulent channel flow with surfactant are investigated from the perspective of drag reduction rate,mean velocity,fluctuation of deformation rate,shear stress,transport and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy,and turbulent coherent structures.This research can shed a light on the application of turbulent drag reduction technique in district heating,petroleum transport,etc.

基于开关流图法Cuk型DC/DC变换器小信号建模

Cuk变换器具有输入与输出电流纹波低、能量双向流动等优点,在新能源发电和直流微网中具有良好的应用前景。在分析变换器工作原理的基础上,分别建立导通和截止状态的开关流图;引入以乘法器描述的开关支路模型,推导变换器在整个开关周期的开关流图;对开关支路施加扰动,提取变换器的小信号模型,并应用梅森公式计算变换器的传递函数。采用PSIM软件对变换器小信号模型进行仿真,结果证明了模型的正确性,本文方法对高阶开关变换器建模具有较高的参考价值。