Flower-visiting Habitus of Three Common Syrphids in Farmland of Hanzhong Area in Early Spring

[Objective] The paper was to study the flower-visiting habitus of three common syrphids in farmland of Hanzhong area in early spring.[Method] The active flower-visiting syrphids in farmland of hanzhong area in early spring was investigated,the annual activity rhythm,flower-visiting behavior,characteristics of mouthparts and their flower-visiting adaptability of three common syrphids were studied.[Result] About 20 species of active flower-visiting syrphids were found in farmland of hanzhong area in early spring,Eristalis tenax （Linnaeus,1758）,Episyrphus balteatus （De Geer,1776） and Eristalis cerealis Fabricius,1805 were predominant species in farmland.These three species could be found in farmland of Hanzhong area almost throughout the year,and they mainly activated on the flowers of rape and composites on the ridge of field in early spring.The activities of these flower-visiting syrphids were important to pollination of rape.The syrphid mouthparts had no structural characters in adaptation to flower-visiting,but the mouthparts were shorter,which was adaptive to visit the flowers with open and shallower corolla.[Conclusion] The results provided theoretical basis for further study on flower-visiting habitus and pollination effect of syrphids.

Species and Diversity Analysis of Flower-visiting Insects of Asian Sacred Lotus in Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei Provinces

[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the community structure, species and quantities of flower-visiting insects of seed lotus in main producing ar-eas of Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces. [Method] Using sample area survey and netting method in the fixed points to investigate species and quantities of Asian sacred lotus, the species diversity of different locations was evaluated by diversity indices （H′）, evenness indices （J） and dominant concentration indices （C）. [Result] Apis mel ifera, Apis cerana cerana, Xylocopa （Koptortosoma） sinensis, Xylocopa （s.str.） valga and Xylocopa （Al oxylocopa） appendiculata, al of which belong to order Hy-menoptera were the main pol inators of lotus. Temperature was the main factor which influenced the foraging behaviors of flower-visiting insects. The daily activities of X. （s.str.） valga and X. （Al oxylocopa） appendiculata were bimodal, and that of A. mel-lifera, A. cerana cerana and X. （s.str.） valga were unimodal. The percentage of wild pol inators in Linxiang of Hunan Province and Xianning of Hubei Province were only 20.59% and 3.90% respectively, and there were six species of flower-visiting insects in Linxiang and three in Xianning. The percentages of wild pol inators in Shicheng of Jiangxi Province and the lotus garden in Huazhong Agricultural University were 55.61% and 90.40% respectively, and the flower-visiting insects belonged to 13 and 12 species respectively. The diversity index （H′） and evenness index （J） were listed here in a decreasing order： Shicheng of Jiangxi ＆gt;lotus garden in Huazhong Agricul-tural University＆gt;Linxiang of Hunan ＆gt;Xianning of Hubei. The sequence of dominant concentration indices （C） was Shicheng of Jiangxi ＆lt;the lotus garden in Huazhong Agricultural University＆lt;Linxiang of Hunan＆lt;Xianning of Hubei. The diversity indices （H′）, evenness indices （J） and dominant concentration indices （C） of each sample location were consistent. [Conclusion] The species and quantities of Asian sacred lotus vary in different ecological areas. The species and quantities of Linxiang in Hunan Province and Xianning in Hubei Province are rare. The increase of lotus production must depend on bee pol ination.

Volatiles from <i>Prunus persica</i>Flowers and Their Correlation with Flower-Visiting Insect Community in Wanbailin Ecological Garden, China

Object: To investigate the VOCs from living Prunus persica flowers of different branches and their correlation with floral insects. Special, dominant and 20 VOCs were analysed from living Prunus persica flowers captured by closely and circularly headspace way in adsorbent tubes and ATD-GC/MS on 29 April in Wanbailin Ecological Garden, China. VOCs from high altitude tree are more than low altitude in sunny site, and floral volatile constituents from upslope branches are less than downslope of the same tree on high altitude. Special floral VOCs were alpha-dimethyl-benzenemethanol, isopropyl palmitate, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, acetophenone, 3-ethyl-2-methyl-Heptane on sunny slope, and propylene glycol, decanal, hexadecane on shady slope. Dominant VOCs founded during 8 temporal quanta were toluene, hexane, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, dodecane, pentadecane. Floral VOCs’ number from sunny slope was significantly negative correlated with flower-visiting insect community richness, abundance, diversity on sunny or shady slope, which from shady slope was significantly positive correlated with flower-visiting insect community parameters on both slopes tried dividing insects visiting floral branches from Prunus persica in sunny site with n/2 + 1 or n/2 - 1, and shady site with n/2 before sampled volatiles day. On sampled volatiles day, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol from sunny slope was significantly positive correlated with flower-visiting insect community parameters on shady slope (P Prunus persica on sunny slope, and even floral branches kept on shady slope.

木茼蒿访花昆虫种类及优势种访花规律研究

为明确木茼蒿访花昆虫种类及优势种访花规律,为蜜源植物种类筛选提供理论依据,通过对四川会理市、冕宁县、巴中市巴州区、邛崃市等地木茼蒿的访花昆虫种类进行调查和鉴定,并对会理市、冕宁县木茼蒿优势访花昆虫活动规律进行研究,共鉴定出木茼蒿访花昆虫55种,分属于8目26科,其中以双翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目为主,多异瓢虫、黑带食蚜蝇和大灰食蚜蝇为木茼蒿的优势访花昆虫.晴天和阴天,从9:00至17:00,3种天敌昆虫一直在木茼蒿上活动.木茼蒿访花昆虫中天敌昆虫较多,是一种较优天敌昆虫诱集植物.

蚜蝇访花习性及种类研究现状与展望

蚜蝇科昆虫在生态系统中扮演着传粉者、天敌、分解者和生物指示物种等多重角色,具有重要的经济意义和生态意义。依据Meta分析的原理以及野外观察记录,总结了蚜蝇访花的研究现状、中国访花蚜蝇的种类、习性及其访问的植物种类。国外访花蚜蝇的研究多聚焦于蚜蝇对植物的传粉方面,而国内多集中于访花蚜蝇的物种多样性研究。研究整理出国内访花蚜蝇2亚科16族205种,其中蚜蝇亚科101种,管蚜蝇亚科104种,访花生境主要为农田、田埂杂草丛与林下灌丛及杂草丛,涉及菊科、十字花科等40多个科100多个属160余种植物。蚜蝇访花一般在11:00-13:00和15:00-16:00温度较高时段,访花时间约为10.36 s(朵),访花频率为5~7朵/min。蚜蝇的访花行为与种类有关,清理身体上黏附的花粉等行为与蜂蜜相似。

Study on Pollinating Insects of Astragalus membranaceus (Ficsh) Bunge

[Objective The aim was to study species and pollinating characters of Astragalus membranaceus(Ficsh)Bunge pollinating insects and lay a theory foundation for the breeding of Astragalus membranaceus(Ficsh)Bunge.[Method] With Astragalus membranaceus(Ficsh)Bunge as research object,the species of pollinating insect and pollination behavior were investigated.[Result] There were 16 pollinating insect species,among which,Bombus ignitus,Bombus lucoru,Apis sp.,Betasyrphus serarius(wiedemann)and Colias erate(Esper)we...

长白山北坡访花食蚜蝇的种类与时空分布

2004-2006年6～9月，对长白山北坡访花食蚜蝇种类与时空分布进行了系统的调查。采集到的访花食蚜蝇经鉴定共42种，隶属2亚科20属，其中23种为吉林省新记录种，隶属2亚科15属。分析了访花食蚜蝇在长白山北坡的垂直分布及季节分布规律，其中物种数的垂直分布为岳桦林带〉针阔混交林带〉人工植物花园〉针叶林带=苔原带，不随海拔升高而增加或递减；优势物种数随海拔升高先增后减，呈正态分布。季节分布表现为物种数在不同垂直带内高峰值出现的时期不同，8种优势访花食蚜蝇访问植物的种类随季节的变化大致呈正态分布。

长白山北坡访花昆虫研究(Ⅰ)——吉林省访花食蚜蝇科昆虫23新记录种

2004—2005年对长白山北坡访花食蚜蝇进行了调查。结果表明:该地区的访花食蚜蝇科昆虫约有50种,其中有23种为吉林省新记录种,隶属于2亚科15属。

贵阳市区金叶女贞上访花食蚜蝇物种多样性及访花行为研究

2008～2009年在贵阳市金叶女贞Ligustrum vicaryi开花期对访花食蚜蝇进行调查,共发现在金叶女贞上采食花蜜的食蚜蝇28种,隶属于2亚科17属,其中贵州新纪录14种;比较4个不同环境中的访花食蚜蝇多样性,高低依次为:河滨公园、省委大院、师大宝山校区和青云路,其中植被条件是影响物种丰富度的主要因子,而人的活动频繁程度则影响其均匀度。不同环境下访花食蚜蝇的相对密度、访花频率、花序上滞留时间和花序受访频率的值最大的分别是2.225±0.171头/m2(师大宝山校区)、12.633±8.227朵/min(省委大院)、91.314±88.666s(河滨公园)及1.633±1.245头/min(师大宝山校区),除了食蚜蝇自身所决定的访花频率和在花序上滞留时间差异不显著之外,其它方面存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。访花数量分别于上午10:00～11:00和下午15:00～16:00出现大小两个峰值。

香菜访花昆虫种类及优势种访花规律研究

【目的】明确香菜访花昆虫种类及优势种访花规律,为蜜源植物种类筛选提供理论依据。【方法】通过对四川地区香菜的访花昆虫种类进行调查和鉴定,并对优势种访花规律进行研究。【结果】香菜访花昆虫有38种,分属于6目19科,其中以双翅目、膜翅目、鞘翅目为主,捕食性食蚜蝇是香菜的优势访花昆虫。食蚜蝇早上9:00即开始在香菜花上活动,直至下午18:00,11:00-16:00为活动高峰期。【结论】香菜访花昆虫中天敌昆虫较多,是一种较优蜜源植物。

长白山北坡不同海拔及干扰程度下访花食蚜蝇群落的差异

本研究采用垂直面取样法,对中国长白山北坡不同海拔及干扰程度下访花食蚜蝇群落的物种组成、多度、丰富度及多样性进行了调查研究。我们选择了不同垂直带的两个样地,分别位于800～1100m和1750～2150m;每个样地选取3种生境类型,每一生境类型采样面积为20m×20m。252组调查数据表明,共采到访花食蚜蝇42种2540个体。不同海拔生境访花食蚜蝇的组成、多度、丰富度及多样性的差异分析结果表明:低海拔样地内不同生境访花食蚜蝇的群落相似性高于高海拔样地;低海拔样地访花食蚜蝇的多度高于高海拔样地,而物种丰富度低于高海拔样地;不同生境类型访花食蚜蝇多样性指数存在差异,但高海拔样地与低海拔样地多样性差异不显著;过渡林生境(岳桦林带)与次生林生境(针阔混交林带Ⅱ)中访花食蚜蝇的多样性较高。保护珍稀植物物种的人工植物花园访花食蚜蝇多样性仅次于过渡林生境(岳桦林带)与次生林生境(针阔混交林带Ⅱ),保护作用显著。

四川烟区烟蚜天敌资源与分布调查

为明确四川烟区烟蚜天敌资源状况及各烟区的优势天敌昆虫种类,于2014—2015年对四川产烟区烟蚜天敌资源进行了系统调查和采集。调查和鉴定结果发现,四川产烟区天敌资源有6目10科29种,优势种类为烟蚜茧蜂、七星瓢虫、异色瓢虫、大草蛉和黑带食蚜蝇。烟蚜茧蜂是各烟区烟蚜的共同优势天敌昆虫,凉山州、攀枝花、达州和广元烟区的烟蚜优势天敌还有七星瓢虫、异色瓢虫、大草蛉和黑带食蚜蝇,泸州、宜宾和德阳烟区的烟蚜优势天敌还有异色瓢虫。

食蚜蝇悬停飞行时的气动特性

用数值求解N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程的方法得到了食蚜蝇在拍动平面倾斜悬停飞行时的气动力和气动力矩,利用得到的气动力矩和已知的翅膀的惯性矩求得食蚜蝇悬停时的能耗,并将得到的气动力和能耗与正常悬停时的进行比较.主要结果为:维持食蚜蝇体重所需的举力主要由下拍产生,该举力是由翅膀的升力和阻力共同贡献的,这两点均与水平拍动的情形不同;飞行的比功率为31.71 W·kg-1,与正常悬停时接近,这表明此种悬停方式有便于进行机动飞行的优点,但不带来额外的能耗.

成都地区黄秋葵蚜虫天敌种类及其类群动态研究

2014-2015年,调查研究了成都地区黄秋葵蚜虫发生特点、其天敌资源种类和优势天敌类群发生动态,发现成都地区为害黄秋葵的蚜虫主要是棉蚜,其天敌资源有5目8科21种,优势种有棉平突蚜茧蜂、异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫和大草蛉。棉蚜发生量在黄秋葵移栽40d即达到高峰期,后逐渐下降,棉平突蚜茧蜂发生动态与棉蚜的发生动态具有较强的跟随关系,瓢虫、草蛉和食蚜蝇的发生动态差异较大,与棉蚜的发生动态跟随关系不明显。

翅尖轨迹对食蚜蝇悬停时气动特性的影响

食蚜蝇悬停飞行时的抬升角相对较小,在上下拍起始和结束时刻要比拍动中部的大,这样就使得翅尖的拍动轨迹呈现出浅"U"形。为了分析该翅尖轨迹是否会对其气动特性产生影响,利用计算流体力学的方法分别计算了4只食蚜蝇在考虑抬升角和忽略抬升角2种情形下的气动力,分析对比了2种情形下的不同时刻绕翅膀的瞬时流线,并计算比较了2种情形下气动功率系数与平均举力系数的比值。研究结果表明:抬升角的存在会使其维持体重所需的举力增加10%左右;举力增大的同时能耗却比忽略抬升角情形下要低3%左右。

中国访花食蚜蝇物种与访花特征研究概况与探讨

本文对中国访花食蚜蝇物种种类、物种名变化、不同生境物种特征、访花时间、访花频率及访花行为等研究状况进行了综述,并从扩大研究区域、促进结实及绿色防控等方面提出了今后的研究方向。

食蚜蝇的饲养和利用评价

本文是作者研究结合别人工作．综述了食蚜蝇的饲养和利用评价．第一部分为饲养内容，包括饲养条件、饲养难度及介绍两种捕食性食蚜蝇的饲养方法．第二部分为利用评价内容，包括授粉媒介、抑制杂草和害虫生物防治．认为在捕食性食蚜蝇中．以大灰食蚜蝇Ｅｕｐｅｏｄｅｓｃｏｒｏｌｌａｅ（Ｆａｂｒｉｃｉｕｓ）在蚜虫的生物防治中，最具实际应用价值．

Study on Species and Behaviors of Flowervisiting Insects on Mussaenda pubescens

[Objective] This study aimed to understand the species and behaviors of flower-visiting insects on Mussaenda pubescens Ait.f.in the Mount Emei National Nature Reserve.[Method] The species,visiting frequency,visiting time and behaviors of flower-visiting insects on M.pubescens were studied by collection,identification and image capture.[Result] The flower-visiting insects on M.pubescens in the Mount Emei covered total 26 species with 21 species from Lepidoptera,2 species from Hymenoptera,and 3 species from Diptera.Thus,Lepidoptera were the main group of pollinators for c in the Mount Emei National Nature Reserve.The daily activity rhythms of Lepidoptera,Hymenoptera and Diptera showed different characteristics,and they were characterized by single-peak type and double-peak type.[Conclusion] This study will provide certain theoretical basis for studies on the diversity of flower-visiting insects on plants in the Mount Emei National Nature Reserve.

抬升角对食蚜蝇飞行动稳定性的影响

抬升角的存在对昆虫飞行时的气动力会产生不同程度的影响,其对昆虫飞行动稳定性的影响也非常值得探索。首先,求解Navier-Stokes方程得到了有抬升角时食蚜蝇的纵向与横向稳定性导数;然后,用特征模态分析法研究其动稳定性。结果表明:有抬升角时,在侧向来流作用下食蚜蝇的滚转力矩对应的导数比无抬升角时明显减小,而其余导数无明显变化,导数减小是由于抬升角的存在使得有侧向来流时因左右翅举力不同产生的正向滚转力矩数值明显减小,而由侧向力产生的负向滚转力矩数值略有增大,从而使得其总的负向滚转力矩数值增大;但有侧向来流时滚转力矩所对应导数的减小并未引起食蚜蝇飞行动稳定性的改变,其纵向和横向的特征模态仍与无抬升角时相同。

北疆棉田非作物生境食蚜蝇种群消长动态

2016—2017年,利用扫网法系统调查了北疆棉田周边的非作物生境中9科13种常见植物上的食蚜蝇种群发生情况。研究发现,食蚜蝇种群密度在不同植物上有显著差异,种群发生高峰主要集中在各种植物开花期,种群消长还与这些植物上的蚜虫发生有明显跟随关系。5—6月,食蚜蝇在大部分植物上都有发生,但主要集中于新疆大蒜芥和罗布麻等;7—8月,在碱蓬、大麻、顶羽菊等上种群密度高;9月,主要在甘草、顶羽菊、罗布麻等上。本研究为今后充分利用棉田周边非作物生境,提升对食蚜蝇种群保育功能及棉花害虫生态控制水平提供了科学依据。