Effects of Bamboo Vinegar on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Different Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties

[Objective] The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of bamboo vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth of different flue-cured to- bacco varieties, so as to provide some references for its application in tobacco pro- duction. [Method] By using indoor culture dish method and greenhouse seedling- raising plate culture,four different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution （50, 100, 200 and 400 times）were designed and clean water was used as the control （CK）. The germination indices of Yunyan 97, Guiyan 2, Jiucaiping 2 and Bina 1 were de- termined after seed germinating. The seedling growth indices of Yunyan 97 were investigated after 10 days of spaying bamboo vinegar on seedling leaves at the 3r~ time. [Result] Compared with CK, different bamboo vinegar dilutions could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of all flue-cured tobacco varieties. The seed germination rate and index, vigor index, whole length, root length, stem length and fresh weight of seedlings of all varieties presented decreasing trend to varying de- grees, moreover, most of them reached significant level. Compared with CK, spray- ing different concentrations of bamboo vinegar dilution at the seedling stage could improve the quality of seedlings. In all bamboo vinegar treatments, the plant height, the maximum leaf length and root volume under 100 times dilution treatment were the highest with 3.36 and 10.14 cm, and 0.92 ml, respectively. And the stem girth, dry weight and the maximum leaf width of seedlings under 400 times dilution treat- ment also showed the highest with 1.82 cm, 0.262 g and 5.74 cm, respectively. [Conclusion] Supplying different concentrations of bamboo vinegar solution on culture dish could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of flue-cured tobacco, while spraying 100-400 times bamboo vinegar solution to leaves could promote the seedling growth and improve the quality of Yunyan 97 to varying degrees.

Improving Transportation and Transplanting Efficiency of Flue-cured Tobacco by Transportation of Naked Seedlings

[Objective] The aim was to resolve the problem of low transportation efficiency of seedlings,vulnerability of seedling trays and difficulty of recycling.[Method]Naked seedlings were transported with trays and frames to improve transportation and transplanting efficiency.[Result] The transportation of naked seedlings would effectively reduce transportation cost and improve transportation and transplanting efficiency of tobacco seedlings.[Conclusion] The transportation of naked seedlings is suitable to be applied in the region with professional transplanting.

Effect of Water Control before Transplanting and Rooting Powder Treatment on Tobacco Seedling Quality and Physiological Properties at Green Stage

Cultivating strong seedlings is an important guarantee for the production of high-quality flue-cured tobacco, while there are many disadvantages in tobacco floating system that is commonly adopted in China. To improve the tobacco floating system, with Xiangyan No.3 as experimental material, the effects of water control before transplanting and rooting powder treatment on tobacco seedling quality and physiological properties at green stage were investigated. The results showed that： （1） water control showed small influence on tobacco seedling quality, while rooting powder treatment and water control ＋ rooting powder treatment showed great influence on tobacco seedling quality, mainly represented by reduced plant height, thickened stem and increased dry matter accumulative amount; （2） water control before transplanting and rooting powder treatment all improved leaf chlorophyll content and root vigor of tobacco seedlings, and the effect of water control ＋ rooting powder treatment was best, followed by rooting powder treatment and water control; （3） all treatments increased the nitrate reductase and invertase activity, and reduced the MDA content of tobacco seedlings, and the effect of water control ＋ rooting powder treatment was best, followed by rooting powder treatment and water control. Mean- while, the treatment effect 10 d before the transplanting was better than that 5 d before the transplanting. In overall, the improvement effects of water control 10 d before transplanting ＋ rooting powder treatment on tobacco seedling quality and physiological properties at green stage were the best.

The Application of Seedling Nursing on Moist Trays and Fermentation Heating Using Farmyard Manure Methods in High-altitude Tobacco Areas of Fenggang County

To solve the problems of long seedling culture time and poor quality of tobacco seedlings bred by floating culture technique of seedlings in high-altitude tobacco areas, a comparative trial between seedling nursing on moist trays ＋ fermentation heating using farmyard manure and conventional floating culture of seedlings in Fenggang County was carried out in 2013. The results showed that seedling nursing on moist trays ＋ fermentation heating using farmyard manure can improve 4-5 ℃ of pool water temperature, shorten 8 d of seedling age, increase 4.45 cm of seedling height, thicken 0.46 cm of stem girth and make lateral root system developed. The method can shorten the time of floating breeding of flue-cured tobacco,improve the quality of tobacco seedlings, thus it was suitable to popularize in highaltitude tobacco areas of Fenggang County.

Effects of Warming Seedling Cultivation Technology on Growth, Yield and Quality of Fluecured Tobaccos

An experiment of seedling nursing which used film mulching technology in greenhouse to increase temperature was carried out in the south of Hunan province in 2014. The results showed that the average surface temperature of seedling tray and the average water temperature of nursing pool at 10：00 and 16：00 in treatment1 which used film mulching technology in a greenhouse were higher than that of CK（no film mulching）, suggesting the warming effect of mulching film in a greenhouse is obvious. The growth potential of tobacco seedling is stronger in treatment1 than CK, and tobacco seedling quality index including the fresh and dry weight of stem, leaves and roots increased. Plant height, stem girth and leaves area of the treatment 1 were higher and more than that of CK after transplanting. Squaring,topping and maturity period were slightly earlier in the treatment 1, compared with that of CK. Average yield of treatment 1 was 2 308.8 kg/hm^2, which increased by6.03% and was significantly higher than that of CK,and the output value of the treatment 1 was 50 184.75 yuan/hm^2, which increased by 5.61%.

Effects of Distiller's Grain Substrate with Acid Regulation on the Growth of Tobacco Seedlings in Floating Breeding System

In order to reduce the use of peat resources and realize the sustainable development of tobacco, the pH of distiller s grain substrate was adjusted with humic acid, and the effects of various distiller s grain substrates on the growth of tobacco seedlings were studied to find out the method of cultivating high-quality tobacco seedlings by using distiller s grain substrate. The results showed that when 60% of humic acid was added to the distiller s grain substrate made from coarse distiller s grains, fine distiller s grains, perlite and vermiculite, both the pH and electrical conductivity decreased significantly and were similar to that of the conventional substrate. Moreover, the emergence rate of tobacco seedlings, the rate of strong tobacco seedlings, leaf number, stem height, root growth and quality of tobacco seedlings were good.

不同光质LED补光对日光温室内光环境及烟苗生长的影响

为了明确不同光质LED补光条件下日光温室内光环境及烟苗生长的差异,采用蓝、黄、红色发光二级管（LED）作为发光光源对日光温室烟苗补光,以不补光为对照,研究了不同光质LED补光对日光温室内光辐射强度及烟苗光合速率、生长的影响。结果表明,蓝色LED补光显著提高温室内400～510 nm波段的光辐射强度,黄色LED补光显著提高温室内510～610 nm波段的光辐射强度,红色LED补光显著提高温室内610～720 nm波段的光辐射强度。蓝色LED补光烟苗茎粗、干重、根冠比和壮苗指数显著大于对照和其他处理,株高最低;黄色LED补光烟苗株高较高;红色LED补光烟苗光合速率最高,株高显著高于对照和蓝色LED补光处理,干重、根冠比、壮苗指数显著大于对照和黄色LED补光处理。蓝色、黄色和红色LED补光均显著增加日光温室内的光辐射强度,调控温室内烟苗的生长。

烟草温室营养液无土育苗技术的试验研究

烟草营养液无土育苗技术的试验研究，包括施肥技术、育苗盘选择和修剪技术。试验结果表明，育苗期间营养液的氮素浓度前期以１００×１０（－６）～１２５×１０（－６）为宜，后期以１２５×１０（－６）～２００×１０（－６）为宜；无磷或前期缺磷会严重影响烟苗的生长发育；育苗盘孔径大小（苗穴数目）不同，育成烟的茎基直径、根系鲜重、根系于重、地上部鲜重等不同，以２００号盘的数值为最高，２００号盘与２８８、３３８和３９２号盘有显著差异；修剪以苗高达８ｃｍ时为第一次修剪期，每次修剪间隔５天，修剪的高度以距生长点４～５ｃｍ为宜。

豫南烟区烤烟育苗大棚高效利用效果研究

[目的]探讨烤烟育苗大棚高效利用的经济效益。[方法]通过设置不同播期对比分析了樱桃番茄、黄瓜和豇豆等作物的投入成本、产值和经济效益。[结果]在一定范围内,种植面积越小用工成本越高,同时用工成本是生产投入的最重要组成部分;不同播期影响了作物的产量和产值,樱桃番茄以7月8日播种产值最高、黄瓜以9月5日播期最高、豇豆以5月6日最高;3种作物以樱桃番茄的经济效益最高。[结论]育苗大棚高效利用具有较高的经济效益,对于增加烟农收入具有重要作用。

生物质发酵产热-小型温室棚联用对春冬季烟苗生长温度调控的数值研究

小型温室棚作为农业生产的重要设施,可为农作物创造一个温度适宜的、受保护的生长空间,保证作物正常生长、促进作物早熟。以确保重庆地区春冬季烟苗正常发育、维持温室内适宜的土壤温度为导向,对温室棚内温度进行了试验和数值模拟,探究了温室棚内温度分布规律,并在此基础上分析生物质发酵产热对温室棚内土壤温度场的影响。结果表明:试验中埋设稻壳的温室棚内土壤温度平均提高3.5℃且温室棚中平均温度低于10℃的天数明显减少。埋设稻壳的温室棚中烟苗茎高和叶片数增长值最大,平均茎高从移栽时的7.8 cm增长到了12 cm,叶片数从平均5片增长到了11片,均大于未埋设稻壳试验组,这表明土壤中埋设稻壳有助于烟草的生长发育。数值研究表明温室棚内不同深度的土壤层温度变化状况一致,均呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势。地温随土壤深度的增加而降低,地表下10 cm、20 cm的土壤层区域温度高于10.6℃、8℃,有利于烟苗在低温环境下正常生长。且土壤温度存在一定的昼夜温差,更利于烟苗发育。埋设稻壳的温室土壤层温度变化趋势与未埋设稻壳的温室一致,但其土壤层平均温度、最低温度至最高温度以及昼夜温差分别升高了2.3℃、1.1—5.5℃、4.8℃。试验和数值研究结果表明稻壳发酵产生的热量可以提高和维持温室内土壤温度,对土壤具有保温和热量补给的作用。

重庆地区烟草育苗大棚综合利用现状及发展建议

为解决重庆地区烟草育苗大棚闲置期长、利用率低等问题,以重庆烟草大棚地理位置、环境气候、综合设施为基础,从发展花卉种植、水生蔬菜、反季节蔬菜、合作模式等角度,加大烟草大棚的使用率,增加农户收入,以期对重庆大棚设施综合利用、发展辅助产业提出科学的建议。

烤烟育苗大棚蔬菜无土栽培及营销模式探讨

依托石家河黄烟专业合作社,利用闲置期烤烟育苗大棚进行蔬菜无土栽培。本文在介绍合作社概况的基础上,对蔬菜无土栽培技术及营销模式进行探讨,以辐射带动产区烟农增收。

贵州烤烟漂浮育苗连栋塑料大棚环境评价分析

为合理调控烤烟漂浮育苗塑料大棚内环境因子和配置立体育苗人工补光方案，以烤烟幼苗不同生长时期的环境条件需求为基础，对贵州遵义地区典型配置塑料连栋大棚室内外温湿光环境及立体育苗架上不同层间的光环境进行实地测试。结果表明，棚内晴天最高温度可达25℃，阴天为15.3℃，相对湿度40%~90%，光照强度50~5000μmol/（m^2· s）；立体育苗架第1~4层光照强度5~90μmol/（m2· s），第5~6层40~350μmol/（m^2· s）。塑料连栋温室内温湿环境适宜，光照充足，适宜烤烟幼苗的生长。但当采用6层立体育苗架育苗时，育苗架的第5、6层自然光照环境足够满足烤烟幼苗的光照需求，第1~4层中间区域均达不到烤烟幼苗生长的光照环境需求，需要进行人工补光。该试验研究为提出更为合理的环境调控措施和人工补光配置方案提供理论依据。

重庆市烟草育苗大棚樱桃番茄栽培技术

彭水县为重庆烟草重要的生产基地,其烟草育苗大棚设施规模大、闲置时间长。结合彭水县栽培实际,总结了一套烟草育苗大棚樱桃番茄栽培技术,对发展烟草辅助产业,提高烟草育苗设施利用率,增加烟农收入,提高经济效益具有重要的现实意义。

烤烟育苗大棚闲置期种植厚皮甜瓜试验

【目的】探讨厚皮甜瓜在百色植烟区的种植适应性和大棚综合利用方式,提高百色烤烟育苗大棚闲置期间的种植收益。【方法】2010年烤烟育苗大棚闲置期间,以"丰蜜2号"和"桂蜜12号"两个厚皮甜瓜为种植材料,春秋各种植一茬,调查生育期、果实品质、产量等性状,同时进行产出效益分析。【结果】连续种植两茬"丰蜜12号"厚皮甜瓜的大棚利用时间为174d,"桂蜜12号"为154d,两个品种在烤烟育苗大棚闲置期间种植时间充裕,能有效完成生育期,中心可溶性固形物含量均高于15.6%,品质优良,经济效益明显。【结论】"丰蜜12号"和"桂蜜12号"适合在百色植烟区种植,发展烤烟育苗大棚闲置期甜瓜种植是提高百色烤烟育苗大棚综合利用效率的一条有效途径。

不同增温保温苗床对烤烟壮苗效果研究

[目的]研究不同增温保温苗床对烤苗生长的影响。[方法]设覆盖保温、覆盖+酿热方式处理,以常规苗池为对照,采用随机区组设计,重复3次。对烟苗生长过程中的各个生长情况进行跟踪观察及数据的记录,评估各处理的增温效果。[结果]相对于对照组,覆盖方式保温全育苗期有少量增温,具有一定的增温效果,可以增加苗床有效积温;相对于对照组,覆盖+酿热方式增温保温处理在育苗前期增温效果明显,随着生育期的推进增温效果降低但仍然保有相当的增温效果;通过对烟苗整体素质的记录整理可知,覆盖+酿热方式烟苗生长较快,烟苗较大,壮苗率较高,但如果生长过快,在育苗后期无法对其生长进行控制将会导致烟苗徒长,最终烟苗生长过大;覆盖方式保温烟苗较对照组有一定的优势,但壮苗效果没有覆盖+酿热方式增温保温处理明显。[结论]该研究可为烤烟科学育苗技术提供参考。

烤烟塑料大棚育苗的现状、问题和对策

在回顾驻马店烟区塑料大棚育苗技术应用效果和采取措施的基础上,指出了塑料大棚育苗技术的优点,探讨了当前塑料大棚育苗技术应用存在的问题,提出了解决问题的对策和建议,为烤烟塑料大棚育苗技术深入研究及大田生产提供参考。

旋转式温室大棚烤烟立体育苗技术研究

探明旋转式温室大棚烤烟立体育苗的适宜条件,为其推广应用及烤烟规模化、集约化和高效化育苗提供参考,以云烟87为试验材料,研究旋转式温室大棚立体育苗的苗床转速和育苗池水深对烟苗素质的影响。结果表明:在旋转式温室大棚立体育苗的苗床转速为20min/r及育苗池水深为0.13m时,烟苗的发根数最多,为233.44条;根系活力最强,为1 506.58μg TTF/(g·h);发病率较低,为12.55%;成苗时间最短,为38.20d;壮苗率最高,为98.88%,且根系分布好;在该条件下,旋转式温室大棚所育烟苗的综合素质比常规漂浮育苗和大棚常规漂浮育苗的烟苗根系活力更强,发病率更低,成苗时间更短,壮苗率及移栽成活率更高,能耗较低。苗床转速为20min/r和育苗池水深为0.13m是旋转式温室大棚进行烤烟工厂化立体育苗的适宜技术条件。

温室电除雾防病促生机的除雾降湿效果

针对贵州省遵义地区烤烟漂浮育苗设施育苗过程中的高湿、低温和病害多等诸多问题,试验监测空间电场环境中漂浮育苗设施内空气水分含量、相对湿度的变化规律以及与对照的差异,并结合作物生长状况和生理代谢的变化,科学地阐述空间电场环境中空气含水量、相对湿度与设施保温、烟苗生长速度之间的关系。结果表明,温室电除雾防病促生机产生的空间电场具有强烈的除雾、降低空气含水量的作用,其降幅可达40%之多,并显著降低了卷帘通风次数,减小了温差波动幅度,保持了高于对照0.5~2℃的温度优势,成苗时间较对照缩短了5 d。

靖西烟区烤烟育苗大棚闲置期利用现状及开发应用

分析了靖西烟区烤烟育苗大棚闲置期利用现状及存在的问题。以靖西甘荷育苗点为例,总结了其在闲置期开展蔬菜、瓜类种植的示范成效,并对经济效益最好的黄皮甜瓜进行了大面积种植推广,取得明显经济效益。在此基础上,提出了今后靖西烟区烤烟育苗大棚闲置期开发应用的建议,即选择合适的经济作物、充分利用当地气候条件、打造品牌和拓宽产品的销售渠道。