Effect of fluid motion on colony formation in Microcystis aeruginosa

Microcystis aeruginosa, generally occurring in large colonies under natural conditions, mainly exists as single cells in laboratory cultures. The mechanisms involved in colony formation in Microcystis aeruginosa and their roles in algal blooms remain unknown. In this study, based on previous research findings that fluid motion may stimulate the colony formation in green algae, cul^are experiments were conducted under axenic conditions in a circular water chamber where the flow rate, temperature, light, and nutrients were controlled. The number of cells of Microcystis aeruginosa, the number of cells per colony, and the colonial characteristics in various growth phases were observed and measured. The results indicated that the colony formation in Microcystis aeruginosa, which was not observed under stagnant conditions, was evident when there was fluid motion, with the number of cells per largest colony reaching 120 and the proportion of the number of cells in colonial form to the total number of cells and the mean number of cells per colony reaching their peak values at a flow rate of 35 crn/s. Based on the analysis of colony formation process, fluid motion stimulates the colony formation in Microcystis aeruginosa in the lag growth phase, while flushes and disaggregates the colonies in the exponential growth phase. The stimulation effect in the lag growth phase may be attributable to the involvement of fluid motion in a series of physiological processes, including the uptake of trace elements and the synthesis and secretion of polysaccharides. In addition, the experimental groups exhibiting typical colonial characteristics in the lag growth phase were found to have higher cell biomass in the later phase.

CFD Simulation of the Vertical Motion Characteristics of the Moonpool Fluid for the Truss Spar

The research purpose of this paper is to estimate the impacts of the parameters of the guide plate on the vertical motion characteristics of the moonpool fluid. With the volume of fluid(VOF) method, three-dimensional models of the moonpool fluid motions of the truss spar platform are established. Simulation results are then presented for the moonpool forced oscillation by employing the dynamic mesh method and user-defined functions in FLUENT. The motions of the moonpool fluid and the loads on the guide plates are obtained for both cases of square-ring and crisscross. The results show that the shape and area of the guide plate at the bottom of the moonpool have a significant impact on the physical parameters of the moonpool, including the load on the moonpool guide plate, motion form of the moonpool fluid and the mass flow rate.

Motion Law of a Sphere in Bingham Fluid with Thixotropy

The thixotropy properties and the motion law of a sphere in the Bingham fluid have been studied. Through observation of the settling motion of a single sphere in the Bingham fluid on the X-ray screen, it has been discovered that the mud in estuaries and along sea bay, and the hyperconcentrated flow all behave as the Bingham fl fluid with thixotropy properties as the large sediment concentration. Through derivation, the theoretical relationship between the yield stress and non-settling maximum sphere supported by the stress for the Bingham fluid has been developed, the equations for calculating the increasing yield stress and the non-settling maximum sphere diameter with the duration at rest of the slurry have been obtained. In consideration of the effect of thixotropy on fluid motion, the Navier-Stokes equation group for the Bingham thixotropy fluid has been developed. Through further study of the flow boundary condition of settling motion of ii single sphere in the Bingham thixotropy fluid, and the solving of the Navier-Stokes equation group, under the small Reynolds number, the theoretical equation of the drag force of the Bingham thixotropy fluid flowing around a sphere has been deduced. The theoretical relationship between drag coefficient and Reynolds number has been derived. By use of the experimental data of rheological test of various slurries measured with viscometer and those of single sphere motion observed on the X-ray screeen, the above equations have been verified. The equations are in good agreement with the experimental data for various slurries.

Dynamics of stochastic non-Newtonian fluids driven by fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H∈(1/4,1/2)

A two-dimensional （2D） stochastic incompressible non-Newtonian fluid driven by the genuine cylindrical fractional Brownian motion （FBM） is studied with the Hurst parameter ∈ （1/4,1/2） under the Dirichlet boundary condition. The existence and regularity of the stochastic convolution corresponding to the stochastic non-Newtonian fluids are obtained by the estimate on the and the identity of the infinite double series spectrum of the spatial differential operator in the analytic number theory. The existence of the mild solution and the random attractor of a random dynamical system are then obtained for the stochastic non-Newtonian systems with ∈ （1/2,1） without any additional restriction on the parameter H.

COMPUTER SIMULATION FOR ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN MOTION OF FLUID

In this paper,an equation system of electrohydrodynamics(EHD)based onthe fluid motion equations is discussed.Emphasis is put on the effects of electrical forceand surface tension upon the fluid motion.The Marker and Cell method is used to set up acomputational simulation program of electrically driven motion of fluid.With the help ofthe program,a cylindrical fluid under the influences of electrical field and surface tensionhas been calculated.The result is in good agreement with the experimental observation.

考虑多孔介质渗透率变化的宾汉流体渗透注浆扩散模型

渗透注浆是一种广泛应用于岩土多孔介质加固的方法,但已有基于浆液流变方程和平衡方程的研究,侧重分析浆液本身性质如黏度时变性、滤过效应、自身重力等对渗透注浆扩散范围的影响,尚未考虑浆液在孔隙内的流动阻力对多孔介质渗透率的影响,导致现有理论解析结果与试验测试结果相差较大。因此,基于黏性流体的运动方程、连续方程和平衡方程,引入浆液在孔隙内的流动阻力对多孔介质渗透率的影响,推导获得多孔介质渗透率随介质孔隙特性、注浆施工参数和注浆扩散半径的函数解析表达式,据此建立考虑多孔介质渗透率变化的浆液扩散控制方程。与已有理论结果对比表明,考虑浆液流动阻力影响的理论结果更接近试验结果,可以验证该理论方法的有效性。参数分析结果表明:考虑浆液在孔隙内的流动阻力时,岩土多孔介质渗透率随注浆时间的增加呈现先迅速降低后缓慢上升趋势,随注浆压力的增大呈现逐渐下降趋势;对于工程中常见的符合宾汉流体性质的水泥浆液材料,当注浆时间小于5 min时,多孔介质渗透率变化是影响浆液扩散的主控因素,超过7 min后,浆液黏度时变性成为主控因素。研究成果能为岩土多孔介质渗透注浆工程实际中注浆参数选取和质量控制起到良好的理论指导意义。

一种比例换向阀先导级用高速开关阀运动特性分析

为研究一种用于比例换向阀先导级的高速开关阀运动特性,通过编写UDF程序控制流体力、弹簧力和电磁力共同作用下的阀芯运动;通过动网格技术实现阀的流固耦合仿真,并获取阀芯精确的运动情况以及瞬态流场的变化。结果表明:编写的UDF程序能够精确地模拟实际工作时的阀芯运动状态,获得阀的开启时间为1.8 ms。该研究方法能够获得高速开关阀精确的运动特性,为高速开关阀产品的优化提供指导。

Analysis of Influence on Aerodynamic Noise of Wind Turbine Blades under Different Pitch Angles

Aiming at the influence of blade pitch Angle on aerodynamic noise of wind turbines, the sound field and flow field distribution at 0˚, 5˚, 10˚ and 15˚ are calculated by numerical simulation. Then, through the distribution of pressure field and velocity field calculated by flow field, the influence of different pitch angles on wind turbine blade aerodynamic noise and the reasons for its influence are analyzed. The results show that when the pitch Angle increases within 0˚ - 10˚, the aerodynamic noise pressure level of the blade decreases. However, the sound pressure level of aerodynamic noise increases in the range of 10˚ - 15˚. The changes of static pressure gradient and pressure pulsation on the blade surface make the aerodynamic noise change, and the changes of the two are positively correlated. At the same time, the fluid velocity and fluid motion state on the blade surface are closely related to the aerodynamic noise of the blade. The greater the fluid velocity, the more complex the fluid motion state and the greater the turbulent kinetic energy of the wind turbine blade, and the aerodynamic noise of the wind turbine blade will also increase.

基于计算流体动力学方法的两栖飞机规则波中运动特性研究

针对水陆两栖飞机加速起飞运动过程受波浪干扰问题,本文基于Star-CCM+平台数值模拟技术,引入SST k-ε湍流模型求解RANS方程,VOF方法捕捉自由液面,DFBI模块以及重叠网格技术模拟水上飞机六自由度运动,建立了一套波浪中水陆两栖飞机加速滑行起飞运动特性研究方案。以波长和波高为变量,探讨了加速滑行过程中上述变量对水上飞机升沉、纵摇运动响应以及机身重心处垂向加速度的影响规律。结果表明:随着波长增加,飞机升沉运动先增加后缓慢变化,飞机重心垂向加速度、纵摇角加速度和纵摇峰值集中在波长为2~3倍机身长度海况范围内;随着波高增大,飞机升沉、纵摇运动及重心垂向加速度最大值随之增大,且长波中的运动变化量较短波中更大;机翼气动升力数值模拟结果与计算值一致,该方案可用于水陆两栖飞机气动力相关计算。

基于液压放大的压电微动平台设计与试验

针对传统微动平台难以满足微/纳米定位的要求,该文结合液压放大原理,提出一种基于液压放大的两自由度压电微动平台,并对其进行了结构设计。采用正交设计方法对其进行有限元双向流固耦合分析,优化了其结构参数。研制了实物样机并进行试验研究。开环控制试验结果表明,当压电驱动器输入为90μm时,压电微动平台最大输出位移为603.0μm,放大倍数约为6.7;闭环控制试验结果表明,采用分段微分、积分、比例(PID)算法能降低超调量,且响应时间、稳态时间均减小,稳态误差降低(为±0.2μm),实现了微动平台的大范围输出精密定位。

不同气囊压力气垫船空投入水研究

为保证气垫船在特殊情况的应用,对气垫船空投入水进行研究。应用Abaqus有限元分析软件对气垫船气囊建立空气弹簧模型,对气囊不同气压时气垫船入水过程的运动特性和姿态变化进行仿真分析。结果表明:气囊的运动因空气弹簧存在的原因较底板更为剧烈;气囊气压在0.2~0.3 MPa间的运动特性几乎一致,小于0.2 MPa时气囊的弹性势能较小,速度衰减较慢,入水后吃水更深;气囊气压在0.15~0.3 MPa内,气垫船入水的姿态由前倾变为后倾,气压为0.2 MPa时,气垫船入水全程的姿态变化不大。总的来说,气垫船气囊压力为0.2 MPa时入水运动特性较好,姿态始末变化不大。

铁路悬索桥车致纵向运动混合阻尼减振研究

针对铁路悬索桥在列车过桥时梁端纵向运动响应控制问题,提出了一种创新的混合阻尼减振方案,采用多种类型的阻尼器控制梁端位移,以满足不同的减振需求.以某在建大跨铁路悬索桥为工程背景,建立了空间桁架精细模型和等效单梁简化模型,系统研究了混合阻尼减振方案不同阻尼器参数对减振效果的影响.该方案将低指数黏滞阻尼器纵向安装于桥塔与加劲梁之间,同时在桥台与加劲梁之间纵向安装电涡流阻尼器.鉴于桥台结构的特殊性,电涡流阻尼器被设计为仅能承受压力的装置,并通过样机试验进行了验证.为了进一步提升减振性能,电涡流阻尼器还配备了摩擦耗能元件.该混合阻尼减振方案能够有效控制列车过桥时梁端的纵向运动响应,显著提高桥梁结构的安全性和耐久性,在类似工程中具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义.

“Click”运动高升力机制

研究了具有“Click”运动的模型翼在三维流场中的气动特性.采用计算流体力学方法求解三维非定常不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,对比了简谐和“Click”运动所产生的升力与阻力,研究了升力最大时的前缘涡特性和展向流动.结果表明,在下拍过程的升力最大处,“Click”和简谐运动的前缘涡能够分别维持至翼展的80%和60%处.两种运动都会在翼展方向存在维持展向流动的压力梯度,而“Click”运动具有更显著的展向压力梯度,对展向涡度的能量输运效率更高,因此其前缘涡能够保持更完整的形态.在上拍过程中,两种运动的前缘涡形态差异不明显,“Click”运动快速上拍的运动特点使其能够快速地摆脱尾涡的干扰,从而维持升力.

直流电力设备表面电致水滴变形现象的数值模拟方法

电致水滴运动变形是一种涉及电场与流体场相互耦合的复杂物理现象,常见于雨后的绝缘子金具、设备高压均压环表面,高效快速的数值模拟方法是揭示雨滴变形和激发电晕的物理机制的基础。为此针对三维电动流体模型数值计算中常见的计算时间长、收敛困难的问题,从电场唯一性定理出发提出了基于场等效的数值模拟方法,从光偏折原理出发搭建了基于阴影法的水滴变形现象观测平台,通过数值仿真与试验拍摄结果对比的方式验证了该方法的有效性。研究结果表明:本文方法构建的电场与原始电场的相对误差在0.01%以内;数值模拟得到的水滴在正极性直流电压下的喷射形态与试验符合较好,通过比较水滴根部、中部、头部宽度和长度,表明数值模拟和试验的相对误差在10%以内,验证本文模拟方法的有效性,同时在保证收敛性的情况下计算时间由8 h缩短至1 h。

基于CFD方法的FPSO的波浪荷载和运动响应研究

针对浮式生产储油船(Floating production storage and offloading, FPSO)在深水作业时面临的恶劣海况问题,为保证其服役期间的安全性及作业效率,需要准确计算非线性波浪荷载和运动响应。本文应用基于计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics, CFD)的软件STAR-CCM+建立了针对实尺度FPSO模型的数值水池,基于Richardson外推法,针对时间步长和网格尺寸,分析了二者的收敛性和数值不确定度。使用该数值水池模拟了不同波浪工况作用下FPSO的运动响应,计算其受到的二阶波浪力,并与势流结果进行对比。结果发现,随着波陡增大,平均波浪力的CFD结果逐渐大于势流结果,且呈现差异化增大。而波陡大于1/15时,纵摇的CFD结果明显大于势流结果。说明大波陡条件下,黏性效应对平均波浪力和纵摇影响明显,为恶劣海况下预报及修正FPSO的二阶波浪力和运动提供了参考。

东非大裂谷的地壳和上地幔密度结构

利用卫星重力场数据和小波多尺度分析方法对东非大裂谷进行三维密度结构成像,取得了东非大裂谷地壳和上地幔多个深度等效层上的密度扰动图像,为东非大裂谷岩石圈结构和动力学的研究提供了重要佐证。结果表明,东非大裂谷中段的西支裂谷与东支裂谷的幔源熔体同源,但是西支裂谷发育较不充分、形成较晚。东非大裂谷的动力学模式为熔流体上涌的树形分叉模式,其要点包括:(1)低密度流体在软流圈大面积上涌;(2)流体在岩石圈继续上涌,部分转化为基性岩浆岩,平面面积缩小;(3)进入地壳后上涌熔流体分叉成多支,平面总面积进一步缩小;(4)熔流体上涌到上地壳后仅在裂谷带活动,反映为火山链和玄武岩带。

造纸用三叶凸轮转子泵的内部流场数值模拟研究

三叶凸轮转子泵内部流场的特性对其性能和可靠性具有重要影响,因此进行内部流场分析是十分有必要的。为此,进行造纸用三叶凸轮转子泵的内部流场数值模拟研究,建立三叶凸轮转子泵的三维实体模型并对其划分网格,设置边界条件和流体属性;在此基础上,建立四个流体运动控制方程,利用CFX软件中压力求解器对流体运动控制方程进行求解。结果表明:在0.20 s、0.22 s、0.24 s时,上转子基元内的流场压力逐渐增大,下转子基元逐渐向转子泵的出口方向移动;在0.26 s到0.28 s时,下转子基元逐渐与出口连通,泵内流场压力重新趋于稳定。在0.20 s、0.22 s时,由于转子基元还未完全与出口段相连通,因此高速区域中心位于靠出口段下方,之后随着转子的转动,在0.24 s、0.26 s、0.28 s时,转子基元与出口段连通,内部流体流量开始逐渐减少,高速区域中心也开始向上方移动。

Spar平台多自由度耦合的涡激运动数值模拟研究

为研究Spar平台在均匀流作用下多自由度耦合的涡激运动特性,本文基于STAR-CCM+求解器建立了考虑流固耦合的Spar平台涡激运动数值模型,探讨了纵荡、横荡、垂荡、纵摇和横摇五个自由度的耦合效应。结果表明:Spar平台在横荡、垂荡与横摇三个自由度发生明显“涡激共振”现象,并且垂荡与横摇自由度“涡激共振”现象发生的速度区间基本一致;横荡与横摇自由度保持着较高的耦合性,横荡共振时横荡与横摇的运动主频保持1:1的关系,横摇共振时横荡运动频谱的次峰频率等于横摇运动主频;纵荡、垂荡与纵摇三个自由度存在复杂的非线性耦合运动关系,不仅纵荡、垂荡的运动主频始终存在于纵摇频谱中,而且纵摇与纵荡、纵摇与垂荡的耦合程度在不同的折合速度范围内存在差异。

具有环状运动约束的悬臂输流管道的非线性振动特征

本文对具有环状运动约束的悬臂输流管道的空间弯曲振动进行研究,目的在于考察约束刚度系数、约束放置位置对管道的两类周期运动(包括平面周期运动和空间周期运动)及其稳定性的影响规律.首先,在已有文献的基础上,将运动约束对管道的作用模拟成非线性立方弹簧模,得出振动方程.其次,运用Galerkin方法将振动方程离散成常微分方程组,结合基于中心流形—范式理论的投影法与平均法,给出了决定系统定性动力学性质的相关系数(包括临界特征值随流速的变化率及非线性共振项),取模态截断数为6,在几组约束刚度值和约束位置处计算了上述系数,据此考察了运动约束对管道的周期运动的影响,总结出了如下结论:在约束位置取定时增加约束刚度,或在约束刚度取定时增大约束位置至管的固定端的距离,均会使得管道的稳定平面周期运动对应的质量比区间减小,稳定空间周期运动对应的质量比区间增大;约束位置距管的固定端越远,约束刚度的变化对管道动力学行为的影响越明显.最后,对上述通过投影法和平均法得出的结论,本文在特定的质量比处数值求解了原振动方程的6模态Galerkin离散化方程,绘制了位形图、相图和Poincaré映射图,计算了频率,从而验证了相关的分析.

子母无人机多体分离气动特性模拟

子母机多体分离过程中气动干扰特性的分析是集群无人机发射技术的重要研究方向。基于动态嵌套非结构多面体网格技术,耦合求解流场非定常N-S方程与刚体六自由度运动方程,实现了子母机多体分离过程的精确模拟。首先,对母机的气动干扰区和子母机的分离方式进行分析,其次,计算得到整体状态时子母机以及子机与子机之间的气动干扰特性,最后,根据多体分离过程中子机运动状态的变化情况,进行安全特性评估。研究结果表明:相对于减速分离,加速分离能够快速脱离气动干扰区,安全性更高,并且随着子机数量的增加,子机机翼的距离不断减小,在一定程度上减弱了子机的翼尖涡对翼面的影响,增大了子机的升力。