Geodesic acoustic mode in a reduced two-fluid model

A reduced two-fluid model is constructed to investigate the geodesic acoustic mode（GAM）. The ion dynamics is sufficiently considered by including an anisotropic pressure tensor and inhibited heat flux vector, whose evolutions are determined by equations derived from the 16-momentum model. Electrons are supposed to obey the Boltzmann distribution responding to the electrostatic oscillation with near ion acoustic velocity. In the large safety factor limit, the GAM frequency is identical with the kinetic one to the order of 1 q2 when zeroing the anisotropy. For general anisotropy, the reduced two-fluid model generates the frequency agreeing well with the kinetic result with arbitrary electron temperature. The present simplified fluid model will be of great use and interest for young researchers and students devoted to plasma physics.

Studies on fluid model for numerical simulation of gas discharges in color plasma displays

The fluid models of gas discharge in alternating current plasma display panel (AC PDP) cell are discussed. From the Boltzmann equation, the hydrodynamic equations are derived, but this model consumes much computa- tional time for simulation. The drift-diffusion approximation model and the local field approximation model are ob- tained to simplify the numerical computation, and the approximation conditions of these two models are discussed in detail. The drift-diffusion approximation model gives more satisfactory result for PDP simulation, and the expression of energy balance equation is given completely in this model.

Discontinuity of mode transition and hysteresis in hydrogen inductively coupled plasma via a fluid model

A new type of two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model that couples an equivalent circuit module is used to in- vestigate the mode transition characteristics and hysteresis in hydrogen inductively coupled plasmas at different pressures, by varying the series capacitance of the matching box. The variations of the electron density, temperature, and the circuit electrical properties are presented. As cycling the matching capacitance, at high pressure both the discontinuity and hysteresis appear for the plasma parameters and the transferred impedances of both the inductive and capacitive discharge components, while at low pressure only the discontinuity is seen. The simulations predict that the sheath plays a determi- native role on the presence of discontinuity and hysteresis at high pressure, by influencing the inductive coupling efficiency of applied power. Moreover, the values of the plasma transferred impedances at different pressures are compared, and the larger plasma inductance at low pressure due to less collision frequency, as analyzed, is the reason why the hysteresis is not seen at low pressure, even with a wider sheath. Besides, the behaviors of the coil voltage and current parameters during the mode transitions are investigated. They both increase （decrease） at the E to H （H to E） mode transition, indicating an improved （worsened） inductive power coupling efficiency.

ANALYSIS OF COUPLED-MODE FLUTTER OF PIPES CONVEYING FLUID ON THE ELASTIC FOUNDATION

The governing equation of solid-liquid couple vibration of pipe conveying fluid on the elastic foundation was derived. The critical velocity and complex frequency of pipe conveying fluid on Winkler elastic foundation and two-parameter foundation were calculated by po,ver series method. Compared,with pipe without considering elastic foundation, the numerical results show that elastic foundation can increase the critical flow velocity of static instability and dynamic instability of pipe. And the increase of foundation parameters may increase the critical flow velocity of static instability and dynamic instability of pipe, thereby delays the occurrence of divergence and flutter instability of pipe. For higher mass ratio beta, in the combination of certain foundation parameters, pipe behaves the phenomenon of restabilization and redivergence after the occurrence of static instability, and then coupled-mode flutter takes place.

Excitation of Zonal Flows by ion-temperature-gradient Modes Excited by the Fluid Resonance

We apply the reductive perturbation method to the simple electrostatic ion-temperature-gradient mode in an advanced fluid description. The fluid resonance turns out to play a major role for the excitation of zonal flows. This is the mechanism recently found to lead to the low-to-high （L-H） mode transition and to the nonlinear Dimits upshift in transport code simulations. It is important that we have taken the nonlinear temperature dynamics from the Reynolds stress as the convected diamagnetic flow. This has turned out to be the most relevant effect as found in transport simulations of the L-H transition, internal transport barriers and Dimits shift. This is the first time that an analytical method is applied to a system which numerically has been found to give the right experimental dynamics.

Trapped Modes in a Three-Layer Fluid

In this work,trapped mode frequencies are computed for a submerged horizontal circular cylinder with the hydrodynamic set-up involving an infinite depth three-layer incompressible fluid with layer-wise different densities.The impermeable cylinder is fully immersed in either the bottom layer or the upper layer.The effect of surface tension at the surface of separation is neglected.In this set-up,there exist three wave numbers:the lowest one on the free surface and the other two on the internal interfaces.For each wave number,there exist two modes for which trapped waves exist.The existence of these trapped modes is shown by numerical evidence.We investigate the variation of these trapped modes subject to change in the depth of the middle layer as well as the submergence depth.We show numerically that two-layer and single-layer results cannot be recovered in the double and single limiting cases of the density ratios tending to unity.The existence of trapped modes shows that in general,a radiation condition for the waves at infinity is insufficient for the uniqueness of the solution of the scattering problem.

INTERNAL WAVE EIGENMODES AND THEIR WEAK NONLINEAR RESONANT INTERACTION IN A NONLINEARLY STRATIFIED FLUID- A PRELIMINARY THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

A preliminary theoretical and experimental study was conducted on internal wave modes and their weak nonlinear resonant interaction in a nonlinearly stratified fluid . An asymptotical solution of the modes and a dispersion relation of internal waves in a stratified fluid with density profile similar to that in our experiment were obtained theoretically . The resonant-interaction mechanism to 2nd order approximation is also discussed . The resonant interaction of the 3rd and 4th mode internal waves excited by the unstable 1st mode wave is analyzed on the basis of data obtained by conductivity probes. The resonant-interaction condition, , is examined . It is shown that the resonant instability increases with pycnocline thickness and wave maker driving frequency .

考虑分段流变模式的深井井筒压力精确预测模型

超深井、特深井井筒温度和压力分布范围宽,钻井液流变性受超高温超高压影响显著,基于常规流变模式的井筒压力预测误差较大,文章通过开展温度为20~220℃、压力为0.1~200 MPa的水基钻井液和油基钻井液流变性测试实验,提出了不同温度和压力范围内的钻井液分段流变模式优选方法,建立了考虑多因素综合影响的钻井井筒压力精确预测模型。研究结果表明,随着温度和压力的变化,钻井液流变曲线的变化规律不一致,单一流变模式无法完全表征钻井液的流变特性;赫巴流变模式对100℃以下的水基钻井液和140℃以下的油基钻井液的流变性适用性更好,其他温度范围内罗斯流变模式的适用性更好;分段流变模式对井底压力的影响较为明显。将模型的计算结果与实测数据进行对比,发现井底压力预测误差在0.3 MPa以内,立管压力预测误差小于0.6 MPa;相对于油基钻井液,水基钻井液中的井筒压力预测误差更小。研究结果能够为超深井、特深井井筒压力精确预测奠定理论基础。

导叶安装角度对离心泵叶轮结构特性的影响

为提高带导叶蜗壳式离心泵的运行稳定性,研究了不同导叶安装角度对离心泵性能及叶轮结构力学响应的影响.以某带导叶蜗壳泵为研究对象,首先对其进行流场数值模拟,再通过静态和瞬态结构分析模块将水压力载荷导入叶轮结构,以实现单向流固耦合分析,研究不同导叶安装角度下叶轮变形与等效应力变化规律,最后通过模态分析研究叶轮结构的振动特性.结果表明:随着导叶安装角度减小,泵的高效区向小流量工况偏移,并且最高效率逐渐增大,最大提高2.1%;单向流固耦合分析得到的稳态结果与瞬态结果规律一致,其中叶轮最大变形量和最大等效应力值都随流量的增大而减小,在设计工况附近,都随导叶安装角度的减小而减小,最大差值为3.3%,且最大等效应力值变化的幅值较小;预应力对叶轮干模态固有频率的影响可忽略不计,与干模态对比,湿模态下的固有频率有较显著下降.

基于流固耦合的卡车油箱振动特性研究

卡车油箱在使用过程中,存在因振动产生本体及焊缝开裂的问题。针对某400 L卡车柴油油箱,基于流固耦合理论,运用ANSYS软件分析油箱的振动特性。锤击法模态试验和仿真模态分析结果,仿真与试验测得的结构模态参数数据误差最大为13%,仿真的准确性得到验证。油箱结构自由状态下计算得到的前6阶固有频率略大于油箱安装状态下的固有频率,油箱固有频率会随着液体含量的增加而降低。油箱的固有频率在液体量从0到100 L以及300到400 L这两阶段变化明显。油箱充液比低于1/2时,油箱结构的各阶固有频率均高于危险区域的频率,不会产生共振。充液量大于3/4时固有频率接近于30 Hz的标准规定值,存在共振风险。油箱设计时,应优化油箱的结构,使其在充满液量时也能避开30 Hz标准值,更为安全。

不同通风方式日光温室微环境模拟与作物蒸腾研究

日光温室后墙蓄热降低了通风降温效率,高温会刺激植物水分蒸腾,降低水资源利用率。本文以北京市通州区日光温室为研究对象,在原有的上、下通风口基础上,增设后墙通风口。基于DO辐射模型、组分输运模型和多孔介质模型建立了日光温室的计算流体力学(CFD)模型,探究了不同通风方式下温室微环境状况,并结合作物蒸腾模型分析获得了作物蒸腾特征。结果表明,气温变化会直接影响作物蒸腾强度,两者空间分布特征一致。中午温室高温,开启后墙、下通风口,较原来开启上、下通风口,气流走向相似,因减少部分蓄热墙体,降温效率提高5.7%,蒸腾量下降0.020 mm/h,开启后墙、上、下通风口,蒸腾量较原来下降0.005 mm/h。开启后墙、上通风口,由于两通风口靠近一侧且距离作物较远,只能形成北侧局部降温,降温效率下降10.3%,除湿效率较原来提高5.7%,蒸腾量升高0.035 mm/h。此外,在通风口组合中,将靠下的通风口设置在迎风方向,可减少外界来风能量、动量损失,以提高通风降温效率。研究结果可为日光温室微环境调节提供参考。

基于故障物理的风力机叶片可靠性仿真分析方法

提出一种基于故障物理的风力机叶片可靠性仿真分析方法,通过绘制任务剖面和载荷剖面图,将叶片材料、结构、环境条件和使用方式等参数加载到数值计算模型中,进行瞬态热力学、振动应力和多应力耦合分析。结果表明,最大应力和热集中主要发生在叶片根部,变形主要发生在叶片中部到叶尖这段区间。从故障原因和机理出发研究叶片的故障规律,运用FMECA(故障模式、影响和危害性分析)处理收集到的故障信息。将定性评价指标予以定量化,以此建立叶片危害性矩阵和FMECA表格,在失效模式下对高危性故障数据进行可靠性评估,为工程实际提供必要的理论支持。该方法相较于传统基于手册的可靠性分析方法精度更高,与研制、生产、维修和管理并行,通过不断更新迭代,以保证产品可靠性要求的实现,为风力机叶片的可靠性分析提供了新的思路和实施方法。

基于流固耦合共轨高压油管振动特性研究

为了研究流固耦合作用下共轨系统高压油管的振动特性,建立了高压油管的有限元模型。首先根据输液管道动力学方程,利用ANSYS软件分析管道附加流体质量下的湿模态特性;然后以均方根(root-mean-square)量化时程内的振动能量,研究流固耦合作用下管道不同弯头的振动响应,不同燃油脉动率、压力及激励频率对管道流致振动的影响,最后对比了共振频率下管道增设管夹前后的振动特性。结果表明:流固耦合下管道固有频率下降,在高阶模态下降率较明显,附加质量系数超0.13;不同弯头振动差异较大;振动能量与燃油脉动率呈正相关,与压力大小并无直接关系;接近自振频率下管道发生共振,振幅会急剧增大至超标;并且增设管夹后共振现象消失,振动能量下降率超90%。

露顶式弧形闸门流固耦合数值模拟正反分析

针对表孔局开泄洪诱发露顶式弧形闸门流激振动问题,借助计算流体力学(CFD)软件Fluent和计算结构动力学(CSD)软件Mechanical APDL构建闸门与泄洪水流的流固耦合传递数学模型,计算并分析闸门在泄流时的振动特性,基于模态叠加法原理编制闸门流激振动反分析程序,实现对闸门流激振动的动力响应结果的反分析。以乌江某工程露顶式弧形闸门为例进行正反分析,结果表明:采用大涡模拟(LES)的紊流模型得出闸门面板的脉动压强具有低频、窄带的特性,基本符合正态分布;利用模态坐标和振型向量、应力向量合成计算闸门的结构动力场,反分析得出的动位移场、动应力场与采用完全法正分析得出的结果基本一致,验证了反分析方法的合理性和程序的适用性。

一种新型剪切阀式旋转MR制动器的开发与评估

基于磁流变(Magnetorheological,MR)液的流变特性,MR制动器具有的高转矩-体积比(Torque-to-Volume Ratio,TVR)和低功耗优点使其成为一种应用前景广泛的被动力输出装置。为了提高旋转型MR制动器在单位空间内的输出制动转矩,基于凸轮结构提出了一种在剪切阀模式下工作的旋转型MR制动器。首先,介绍了这种新型MR制动器的总体结构,并基于Bingham塑性模型和凸轮模型对MR制动器的输出制动转矩进行了理论推导。然后,利用ANSYS软件和多目标优化设计方法,对制动器的结构进行有限元分析,得到最优的几何参数。在自主搭建的实验平台上对制动器进行了性能测试实验,结果表明,该制动器具有较高的TVR、较低的初始制动转矩和良好的动态特性。该制动器在较小的体积下能够实现最大42.4 kN/m^(2)的TVR,可以很好地满足力触觉交互、康复训练、可穿戴设备等需要小体积和大输出转矩的应用场景。

孔的排布方式对孔型阻尼密封泄漏特性和动力学性能影响研究

为揭示孔的排布方式对孔型阻尼密封性能的影响规律以及探究最佳排布方式,基于多频椭圆轨迹涡动模型非定常计算流体力学摄动数值方法,研究了不同孔径、孔排布方式下孔型阻尼密封的泄漏特性和动力学性能。采用孔型阻尼密封试件试验数据,验证了数值方法的可靠性和准确性,通过计算分析了不同孔径(3.175、12.268 mm)、孔排布方式(轴向顺排、周向顺排)、进口预旋(0、0.5)对孔型阻尼密封的泄漏量、动力特性系数和腔室动态压力的影响规律。数值结果表明:大孔径孔型阻尼密封动力学性能较优,具有较高的有效阻尼和较低的穿越频率,但封严性能较差,对应的泄漏量增加了6%~10%;小孔径孔型阻尼密封的泄漏特性和动力学性能对孔的排布方式不敏感,泄漏量偏差小于0.5%,动力特性系数偏差小于7%;对于大孔径孔型阻尼密封,采用周向顺排的方式可获得更好的封严性能以及更优的动力学性能,泄漏量可降低4%,有效阻尼的穿越频率也得到显著减小。该研究可为孔型阻尼密封的设计提供参考。

Study of the Discharge Mode in Micro-Hollow Cathode

In this study, micro-hollow cathode discharge （MHCD） is investigated by a fluid model with drift-diffusion approximation. The MHC device is a cathode/dielectric/anode sandwich structure with one hole of a diameter D=200 um. The gas is a Ne/Xe mixture at a pressure p=50-500 Torr. The evolutions of the discharge show that there are two different discharge modes. At larger pD the discharge plasma and high density excited species expand along the cathode surface and, a ringed discharge mode is formed. At smaller pD, the discharge plasma and the excited species expand along the axis of the cathode aperture to form a columnar discharge.

Mode transition in homogenous dielectric barrier discharge in argon at atmospheric pressure

The influence of driving frequency on the discharge regime of a homogenous dielectric barrier discharge in argon at atmospheric pressure is studied through a one-dimensional self-consistent fluid model. The simulation results show that the discharge exhibits five notable discharge modes, namely the Townsend mode, stable glow mode, chaotic mode, asymmetric glow, and multiple period glow mode in a broad frequency range. The transition mechanisms of these modes should be attributed to the competition between the applied voltage and the memory voltage induced by the surface charges.

缝洞型油藏高压扩容注入动态模型及敏感性分析

高压扩容注水是缝洞型油藏提高采收率的有效方式之一。针对高压扩容注水注采过程认识不清的问题,提出了3类高压扩容注水模式,基于高压扩容注入动态模型,模拟不同敏感性参数对高压扩容注水和生产过程的影响,并结合哈拉哈塘缝洞型油藏矿场实例,分析了3类高压扩容注水模式。结果表明:高压扩容注水有远端低能型、渗流屏障型和近端小储集体型3类模式,3类高压扩容注水模式均可有效动用远端储集体,提高采出程度,渗流屏障型增油效果最优;近端储集体大小影响注水指示曲线拐点出现时间,远端储集体大小影响注水指示曲线出现拐点后的注水难易程度;注水过程的交换指数大于生产过程的交换指数,表明高压扩容注水有效;裂缝闭合压力越小,应力敏感系数越小,注水指示曲线出现拐点越早,累计产液量越高。

活性粒子强化剪切稀化流体扩散传质规律研究

选用典型模型大肠杆菌代表活性粒子,改变温度、悬浮液中菌数浓度、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)质量分数以及细菌活性(活菌和死菌),测量Rhodamine B在不同条件下剪切稀化流体基中的扩散系数。结果表明,大肠杆菌的加入可以有效强化Rhodamine B在剪切稀化流体基中的扩散;扩散系数与悬浮液温度和细菌菌数浓度呈正相关,而与CMC质量分数呈现出负相关;Rhodamine B的活性扩散系数与温度和菌数浓度呈正相关。均方位移随时间的变化图像表明,Rhodamine B在当前实验的时间段内表现为亚扩散行为,且随着扩散时间延长扩散指数变大。