Numerical simulation of aluminum holding furnace with fluid-solid coupled heat transfer

To predict three-dimensional temperature distribution of molten aluminum and its influencing factors inside an industrial aluminum holding furnace,a fluid-solid coupled method was presented.The fluid-solid coupled mathematics models of aluminum holding furnace in the premixed combustion processing were established based on mass conservation,moment conservation,momentum conservation,energy conservation and chemistry species conservation.Computational results agree well with the test data of the typical condition.The maximum combustion temperature is 1 850 K.The average temperature of the molten aluminum is 1 158 K,and the maximum temperature difference is about 240 K.The average temperature increases 0.3 ℃ while the temperature of combustion air increases 1 ℃.The optimal excess air ratio is 1.25-1.30.

A comprehensive fluid-solid coupling dynamic simulation for spatiotemporal distribution of regression rate in hybrid rocket motors

The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the regression rate are crucial aspects of the research on Hybrid Rocket Motor(HRM).This study presents a pioneering effort in achiev-ing a comprehensive numerical simulation of fluid dynamics and heat transfer in both the fluid and solid regions throughout the entire operation of an HRM.To accomplish this,a dynamic grid tech-nique that incorporates fluid-solid coupling is utilized.To validate the precision of the numerical simulations,a firing test is conducted,with embedded thermocouple probes being used to measure the inner temperature of the fuel grain.The temperature variations in the solid fuel obtained from both experiment and simulations show good agreement.The maximum combustion temperature and average thrust obtained from the simulations are found to deviate from the experimental results by only 3.3%and 2.4%,respectively.Thus,it can be demonstrated that transient numerical simu-lations accurately capture the fluid-solid coupling characteristics and transient regression rate.The dynamic simulation results of inner flow field and solid region throughout the entire working stage reveal that the presence of vortices enhances the blending of combustion gases and improves the regression rate at both the front and rear ends of the fuel grain.In addition,oscillations of the regression rate obtained in the simulation can also be well corresponded with the corrugated surface observed in the experiment.Furthermore,the zero-dimension regression rate formula and the for-mula describing the axial location dependence of the regression rate are fitted from the simulation results,with the corresponding coefficients of determination(R°)of 0.9765 and 0.9298,respectively.This research serves as a reference for predicting the performance of HRM with gas oxygen and polyethylene,and presents a credible way for investigating the spatiotemporal distribution of the regression rate.

Reduced-order modeling and vibration transfer analysis of a fluid-delivering branch pipeline that consider fluid–solid interactions

The efficient dynamic modeling and vibration transfer analysis of a fluid-delivering branch pipeline(FDBP)are essential for analyzing vibration coupling effects and implementing vibration reduction optimization.Therefore,this study proposes a reduced-order dynamic modeling method suitable for FDBPs and then analyzes the vibration transfer characteristics.For the modeling method,the finite element method and absorbing transfer matrix method(ATMM)are integrated,considering the fluid–structure coupling effect and fluid disturbances.The dual-domain dynamic substructure method is developed to perform the reduced-order modeling of FDBP,and ATMM is adopted to reduce the matrix order when solving fluid disturbances.Furthermore,the modeling method is validated by experiments on an H-shaped branch pipeline.Finally,transient and steady-state vibration transfer analyses of FDBP are performed,and the effects of branch locations on natural characteristics and vibration transfer behavior are analyzed.Results show that transient vibration transfer represents the transfer and conversion of the kinematic,strain,and damping energies,while steady-state vibration transfer characteristics are related to the vibration mode.In addition,multiple-order mode exchanges are triggered when branch locations vary in frequency-shift regions,and the mode-exchange regions are also the transformation ones for vibration transfer patterns.

气缸盖鼻梁区水腔结构及两相流动参数对沸腾传热影响研究

针对高强化柴油机气缸盖鼻梁区严重的热负荷问题,将鼻梁区结构简化为一个矩形加V形截面形状,建立了参数化模型。采用气液两相流沸腾传热计算模型,对其简化模型进行了流固耦合传热仿真计算。在此基础上,采用试验设计方法,研究了冷却水进口速度、温度和沸腾时所产生的气泡尺寸等两相流动参数及在矩形尺寸不变的条件下,V形高度和下部宽度的变化对鼻梁区最高温度的影响。研究结果表明:鼻梁区最高温度随冷却水进口速度、气泡尺寸、V形高度及下部宽度的增大而降低,随冷却水进口温度的升高而升高;V形高度方向的变化对沸腾传热产生的影响比下部宽度方向的变化更明显,冷却水进口速度的变化对沸腾传热产生的影响比进口温度的变化更明显。

基于流固耦合传热的制动盘瞬态温度场研究

针对通风盘式制动器在制动时空气与制动盘之间的流动与传热耦合问题,建立了空气与制动盘三维流固耦合模型,参照《乘用车制动器性能要求及台架试验方法》设置速度、热流密度等边界条件,利用CFD软件的流固耦合计算功能对建立的耦合模型进行瞬态传热数值计算,得到了耦合系统的温度场.数值计算所得制动盘温度值与制动器惯量实验台测得温度值之间的误差在合理范围内,证明流固耦合数值计算法可以较准确地分析通风盘式制动器制动过程中的温度场,为评价通风式制动盘的风冷性能提供依据.同时提出通风式制动盘通风肋板优化方案,经计算,优化后的制动盘在循环制动工况下最高温度降低了16℃.

Study on seepage and deformation characteristics of coal microstructure by 3D reconstruction of CT images at high temperatures

To study the seepage and deformation characteristics of coal at high temperatures,coal samples from six different regions were selected and subjected to computed tomography(CT)scanning studies.In conjunction with ANSYS software,3 D reconstruction of CT images was used for the establishment of fluidsolid conjugate heat transfer model and coal thermal deformation model based on the microstructures of coal.In addition,the structure of coal was studied in 2 D and 3 D perspectives,followed by the analysis of seepage and deformation characteristics of coal at high temperatures.The results of this study indicated that porosity positively correlated with the fractal dimension,and the connectivity and seepage performances were roughly identical from 2 D and 3 D perspectives.As the porosity increased,the fractal dimension of coal samples became larger and the pore-fracture structures became more complex.As a result,the permeability of coal samples decreased.In the meantime,fluid was fully heated,generating high-temperature water at outlet.However,when the porosity was low,the outlet temperature was very high.The average deformation of coal skeleton with different pore-fracture structures at high temperatures showed a trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease with the increase of porosity and fractal dimension.The maximum deformation of coal skeleton positively correlated with connectivity but negatively correlated with the fractal dimension.

ADirect-Forcing Immersed Boundary Projection Method for Thermal Fluid-Solid Interaction Problems

In this paper,we develop a direct-forcing immersed boundary projection method for simulating the dynamics in thermal fluid-solid interaction problems.The underlying idea of the method is that we treat the solid as made of fluid and introduce two virtual forcing terms.First,a virtual fluid force distributed only on the solid region is appended to the momentum equation to make the region behave like a real solid body and satisfy the prescribed velocity.Second,a virtual heat source located inside the solid region near the boundary is added to the energy transport equation to impose the thermal boundary condition on the solid boundary.We take the implicit second-order backward differentiation to discretize the time variable and employ the Choi-Moin projection scheme to split the coupled system.As for spatial discretization,second-order centered differences over a staggered Cartesian grid are used on the entire domain.The advantages of this method are its conceptual simplicity and ease of implementation.Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the high performance of the proposed method.Convergence tests show that the spatial convergence rates of all unknowns seem to be super-linear in the 1-norm and 2-norm while less than linear in the maximum norm.

通过流固耦合加热的轧辊温度场分析

针对目前镁合金板材轧制过程轧辊温度控制方式精度差,易造成板材的板形、板厚及裂纹等缺陷,采用流体循环流动传热的方式对轧辊进行温度控制,建立轧辊、流体传热过程的流固耦合模型,基于FLUENT软件对二者间的流固耦合传热过程进行数值模拟及试验验证。结果表明:用该方法加热轧辊时,辊身表面温度呈线性分布,边部与中间的温差范围为3～7℃,轧辊有效轧制区间占轧辊总长85%～100%左右,且流体温度与速度对其影响较小;在不同流体温度和流速下,轧辊表面温度均呈速率减小的趋势上升,流体温度升高及流速增大时,轧辊温升速率增大;得出在不同加热条件下,轧辊表面平均温度T与加热时间t的关系式;轧辊表面平均温度的试验与模拟值的最大相对误差为6.29%。该模型可正确预测轧辊表面的平均温度,作为镁合金板材轧制模型的一部分,利于轧制过程中轧辊的"等温"控制,实现"镁合金板材的等温轧制"控制。

High Efficient Configuration Design and Simulation of Platelet Heat Exchanger in Solar Thermal Thruster

Solar thermal propulsion system includes solar thermal propulsion and nuclear thermal propulsion, and it is a significant issue to improve the heat transfer efficiency of the solar thermal thruster. This paper proposes a platelet configuration to be used in the heat exchanger core, which is the most important component of solar thermal system. The platelet passage can enhance the heat transfer between the propellant and the hot core heated by the concentrated sunlight. Based on fluid-solid coupled heat transfer, the paper utilized the platelet heat transfer characteristic to simulate the heat transfer and flow field of the platelet passage. A coupled system includes the coupled flow and heat transfer between the fluid region and solid region. The simulation result shows that the propellant can be heated to the design temperature of 2300K in platelet passage of the thermal propulsion system, and the fluid-solid coupled method can solve the heat transfer in the platelet structure more precisely.

Role of a Single Shield in Thermocouple Measurements in Hot Air Flow

To investigate the role of a single shield on steady temperature measurement using therrnocouples in hot air flow, a methodology for solving convection, conduction, and radiation in one single model is provided. In order to compare with the experimental results, a cylindrical computational domain is established, which is the same size with the hot calibration wind-tannel. In the computational domain, two kinds of thermocouples, the bare-bead and the single-shielded thermocouples, are simulated respectively. Surface temperature distribution and the tempera- ture measurement bias of the two typical thermocouples are compared. The simulation results indicate that： 1） The existence of the shield reduces bead surface heat flux and changes the direction of wires inner heat conduction in a colder surrounding; 2） The existence of the shield reduces the temperature measurement bias both by improving bead surface temperature and by reducing surface temperature gradient; 3） The shield effectively reduces the effect of the ambient temperature on the temperature measurement bias; 4） The shield effectively reduces the influence of airflow velocity on the temperature measurement bias.

Study of coupled effect of impingement jet cooling of kerosene with solid structure

Characteristics of flow and heat transfer of kerosene impingement jets were studied numerically.The coupled effect of heat transfer of fluid and structure was investigated.Numerical simulation of fluid flow shows that compared to convective heat transfer of kerosene flow in cooling channels,impingement jet cooling significantly enhances heat transfer ability.At the same time,the pressure loss is below one atmospheric pressure.Both stress and strain of high temperature nickle-based alloy structure were analyzed with typical thermal loading and impingement cooling effect.The numerical results show that temperature distribution in the hot surface of the solid structure is relatively uniform and far below the maximum allowable temperature of the alloy material.The strength analysis shows that both stress and strain of the solid structure meet the material requirements.