Fully fluid-solid coupling dynamic model for seismic response of underground structures in saturated soils

The seismic response characteristics of underground structures in saturated soils are investigated.A fully fluid-solid coupling dynamic model is developed and implemented into ABAQUS with a user-defined element to simulate the dynamic behavior of saturated soils.The accuracy of the model is validated using a classic example in literature.The performance of the model is verified by its application on simulating the seismic response characteristics of a subway station built in saturated soils.The merits of the model are demonstrated by comparing the difference of the seismic response of an underground structure in saturated soils between using the fully coupling model and a single-phase medium model.The study finds that the fully coupling model developed herein can simulate the dynamic response characteristics of the underground structures in saturated soils with high accuracy.The seismic response of the underground structure tends to be underestimated by using the single-phase medium model compared with using the fully coupling model,which provides a weaker confining action to the underground structure.

FLUID-SOLID COUPLING MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN UNSATURATED ZONE AND ITS ASYMPTOTICAL SOLUTION

The process of contaminant transport is a problem of multicomponent and multiphase flow in unsaturated zone. Under the presupposition that gas existence affects water transport, a coupled mathematical model of contaminant transport in unsaturated zone has been established based on fluid_solid interaction mechanics theory. The asymptotical solutions to the nonlinear coupling mathematical model were accomplished by the perturbation and integral transformation method. The distribution law of pore pressure, pore water velocity and contaminant concentration in unsaturated zone has been presented under the conditions of with coupling and without coupling gas phase. An example problem was used to provide a quantitative verification and validation of the model. The asymptotical solution was compared with Faust model solution. The comparison results show reasonable agreement between asymptotical solution and Faust solution, and the gas effect and media deformation has a large impact on the contaminant transport. The theoretical basis is provided for forecasting contaminant transport and the determination of the relationship among pressure_saturation_permeability in laboratory.

Characteristic analysis of mechanical thermal coupling model for bearing rotor system of high-speed train

Based on Newton’s second law and the thermal network method,a mechanical thermal coupling model of the bearing rotor system of high-speed trains is established to study the interaction between the bearing vibration and temperature.The influence of lubrication on the vibration and temperature characteristics of the system is considered in the model,and the real-time relationship between them is built up by using the transient temperature field model.After considering the lubrication,the bearing outer ring vibration acceleration and node temperature considering grease are lower,which shows the necessity of adding the lubrication model.The corresponding experiments for characteristics of vibration and temperature of the model are respectively conducted.In the envelope spectrum obtained from the simulation signal and the experimental signal,the frequency values corresponding to the peaks are close to the theoretical calculation results,and the error is very small.In the three stages of the temperature characteristic experiment,the node temperature change of the simulation model is consistent with the experiment.The good agreement between simulation and experiments proves the effectiveness of the model.By studying the influence of the bearing angular and fault size on the system node temperature,as well as the change law of bearing lubrication characteristics and temperature,it is found that the worse the working condition is,the higher the temperature is.When the ambient temperature is low,the viscosity of grease increases,and the oil film becomes thicker,which increases the sliding probability of the rolling element,thus affecting the normal operation of the bearing,which explains the phenomenon of frequent bearing faults of high-speed trains in the low-temperature area of Northeast China.Further analysis shows that faults often occur in the early stage of train operation in the low-temperature environment.

Numerical modeling of influence of thermal flow coupling on flow characteristics of molten steel

Using the equation of continuity and the double equation of Navier-Stokes and k-ε, numerical modeling on a single outlet continuous casting tundish has been carried out during the process of non-thermal flow coupling. The flow field distribution inside the tundish was calculated and the viscosity response time was calculated with the mass transfer equation based on the flow field distribution. The flow characteristics of the molten steel inside the tundish were analyzed, with the results of the numerical modeling compared to the hydraulic modeling. The results showed that the Resident Time Distribution （RTD） curves in the latter anatomosed comparatively better. This certified the validity established by the mathematical model. Numerical modeling was carried out on both large and small tundishes during the processes of thermal flow coupling and also thermal non-flow coupling. The results showed that in regards to large tundishes with relatively simple flow processes, using numerical modeling for thermal flow coupling is necessary.

Effects of Different Spin-Spin Couplings and Magnetic Fields on Thermal Entanglement in Heisenberg XYZ Chain

有不同不同类的磁场的一个 two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ 模型的热纠纷上的纺纱纺纱相互作用的效果被调查。纠纷依赖于纺纱纺纱相互作用和不同类的磁场，这被显示出。越大 Ji (i 轴纺纱纺纱相互作用) ，越 higher 批评价值双性人(i 轴制服磁场) 有。而且在弱地的政体，，更大的 Ji 在强壮地的政体对应于更多的纠纷，不同 Ji 对应于一样的纠纷。另外，随 Ji 的增加，同时发生能为更小的双性人更快接近最大的价值，这被发现，并且能为更小的双性人到达更大的价值(i 轴不一致的磁场) 。我们能因此由增加纺纱纺纱相互作用 Ji，或由减少得到更多的纠纷一致磁场双性人和不一致的磁场双性人。

A new numerical model of ring shear tester for shear band soil considering friction-induced thermal pressurization

In this study,a new numerical model of ring shear tester for shear band soil of landslide was established.The special feature of this model is that it considers the mechanism of friction-induced thermal pressurization,which is potentially an important cause of high-speed catastrophic landslides.The key to the construction of this numerical ring shear model is to realize the THM(thermo-hydro-mechanical)dynamic coupling of soil particles,which includes the processes of frictional heating,thermal pressurization,and strength softening during shearing of solid particles.All of these are completed by using discrete element method.Based on this new model,the characteristics of shear stress change with shear displacement,as well as the variation of temperature and pore pressure in the specimen,are studied at shear rates of 0.055 m/s,0.06 m/s,0.109 m/s and 1.09 m/s,respectively.The results show that the peak strength and residual strength of specimen are significantly reduced when the mechanism of frictioninduced thermal pressurization is considered.The greater the shear rate is,the higher the temperature as well as the pore pressure is.The effect of shear rate on the shear strength is bidirectional.The simulation results demonstrate that this model can effectively simulate the mechanism of friction-induced thermal pressurization of shear band soil during ring shear process,and the shear strength softening in the process.The new numerical ring shear model established in this study is of great significance for studying the dynamic mechanism of high-speed catastrophic landslides.

Analysis of thermal-mechanical coupled characteristics of vehicle twin-tube shock absorber

A comprehensive model that included mechanical dynamics of the shock absorber coupled with its thermal properties was proposed innovatively.Moreover a thermal-mechanical coupled model which reflected the closed-loop positive feedback system was established by using MATLAB/SIMULINK,and some curves of shock absorber temperature rising characteristic were obtained by simulation ＆computation under several operating modes and different parameters conditions.Research results show that：shock absorber design parameters,external excitations,and thermo-physical properties parameter,such as oil density have effect on the shock absorber temperature rising characteristic.However other thermo-physical properties parameters,such as oil specific heat,cylinder density,cylinder specific heat,and cylinder thermal conductivity,have no effect on it.The results may be used for studying reliability design of the shock absorber.

基于磁热耦合法的非对称混合磁极永磁电机热分析

针对传统内置永磁电机损耗高、发热量大的问题,提出非对称混合磁极永磁电机拓扑结构.介绍非对称混合磁极永磁电机的拓扑结构,对比分析两者的电磁特性与损耗分布特性.针对非对称混合磁极永磁电机分布式绕组的结构特点,对绕组进行等效处理,确定等效导热系数,建立集中参数热网络模型.建立单向磁热耦合模型,计算电机各部件的温度分布,验证了热网络模型的正确性.考虑到温度对永磁材料的影响,建立双向磁热耦合模型,对比分析不同电流密度对电机温升的影响规律.试制一台样机并搭建温升试验平台进行温升试验,验证了新型拓扑结构的有效性与合理性以及磁热双向耦合法计算结果的准确性.

不同季节影响下复合道面力学响应分析

为了研究复合道面在不同季节时的力学响应,以中原地区某机场改造项目为项目背景,借助三维有限元软件,建立了道面有限元模型,分析了复合道面在温度影响下的力学响应,并与机场监测数据进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。研究发现:大气温度所能影响的道面深度范围在0.56 m以内,和大气温度相比,道面面层温度峰值远大于气温峰值;道面内部不同结构层之间温度变化趋势相同,随着道面深度的加深,温度峰值逐渐递减,并且出现时间具有延迟现象;在不同季节,道面在相同机型作用下所产生的变形不同,说明温度对于道面的受力是有影响的,其中混凝土层在冬季时所产生的应变值比夏季所产生的减少约74%,变化比较明显。

深中通道钢壳-混凝土组合沉管浇筑变形研究

深中通道沉管管节采用钢壳-混凝土组合结构形式,通过向空钢壳浇筑混凝土预制而成。为评估沉管管节施工后的整体变形,建立了热-结构顺序耦合的分析框架,基于ANSYS APDL及UFPs二次开发模块,分别建立了考虑水化度、日照辐射、大气温度变化的精细温度场模型和考虑混凝土硬化及收缩特性的结构分析模型。通过对足尺管节的温度及应变模拟结果与监测数据的对比,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。在此基础上,分析了日照辐射、大气温度变化等对于管节温度场的影响,同时分析了管节的整体变形模式,以及温度效应、混凝土收缩及自重三种因素对管节整体横向、纵向及竖向变形的影响。结果表明:管节施工过程的温度场表现为时变和空间分布的特征,格仓边部温度受外界气温变化和日照辐射的影响存在周期性波动,而格仓中部温度峰值主要受混凝土自身水化放热特性的控制;管节最终表现为顶板横向及纵向内收,竖向下挠,底板横向及竖向变形不显著;太阳辐射对于结构温度场影响较日气温变化更显著,建议在混凝土温度峰值预测中予以考虑,而日气温变化可采用日平均气温值予以简化;温度效应及材料收缩对管节横向及纵向整体变形影响显著,自重因素导致的变形在横向及纵向的比例为44.3%、11.7%,而在竖向所占比例达92.5%,因而温度效应及材料收缩在管节横向及纵向变形分析中不可忽视;该分析方法可适用于大体积混凝土等结构的温度效应的预测和评估。

基于CEL法熔滴冲击基板的TPF/FSI数值模拟

航空发动机和燃气轮机的高温工作环境会对其热端金属部件造成不可逆损伤,热障涂层(thermal barrier coatings,TBCs)能够承受高温和高压的侵蚀性环境,从而保证金属部件使用的安全性及可靠性。以空心Y_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2)(yttrium-stabilized zirconia,YSZ)粒子在等离子焰流中的2种形态,即全熔熔滴和空心熔滴为研究对象对其冲击铺展过程进行了模拟。基于ABAQUS/EXPLICIT耦合欧拉-拉格朗日(coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian,CEL)有限元方法,首先针对ABAQUS缺少相变模型,导致使用CEL方法计算熔滴铺展形貌失真的问题,给出了适用的动力黏度随温度变化的经验公式。此外,考虑周围空气对熔滴铺展过程的影响,提出了“两相流(two phase flow,TPF)/流-固耦合(fluid-structure-interaction,FSI)”2.5D模型,对熔滴冲击基板凝固成型及空气卷入的过程进行了模拟,并揭示了2种熔滴铺展形貌存在较大差异的机理,对制备隔热性能更优的热障涂层具有指导意义。

锂电池在机械滥用下的耦合仿真模型研究

随着新能源汽车保有量的增加,因锂电池故障而引起的起火、爆炸等问题引起了各界的密切关注。锂电池在机械滥用下的热失控行为复杂、实验成本高、可重复性低,难以为研究提供有效、完备的数据。因此,利用高置信度仿真模型研究和评估锂电池的安全性能是一种可行的途径。基于Ls-Dyna软件建立了锂电池机-电-热耦合仿真模型。结果表明,该模型能够准确预测电池在受到压痕时的机械响应和电响应,且能合理地模拟电池的温度分布,具有较高的置信度。利用该模型对控制因素(压头半径,冲压方式)进行了研究,并综合分析了相关参数对锂电池安全性能的影响。所获得的结果可为车载锂电池包的设计和安全系统构建提供参考。

动力电池材料—结构—性能跨尺度关联效应研究

动力电池是新能源汽车的核心部件,其电化学性能和热性能是决定新能源汽车能否规模化推广应用的关键,然而宏观尺度下的电化学性能和热性能既受到微观尺度下的电极材料特性的影响,又受到介观尺度下的电池结构参数的影响。为了揭示电池材料参数、电极结构参数和电池工作参数对动力电池性能的影响机理,以18650型镍钴锰三元动力电池锂为研究对象,通过构建电池电化学-热耦合模型,分别探究了上述各参数对动力电池电化学性能和热性能的影响规律,综合分析了电池材料—结构—性能跨尺度关联效应。研究结果表明:电池材料参数、电极结构参数、电池工作参数对动力电池性能的影响具有跨尺度强相关的特征。单一尺度下的动力电池设计及性能优化并不能得到最优结果,开展材料—结构—性能跨尺度设计及优化是动力电池安全性能和动力性能提升的根本途径。

三元软包锂离子电池放电过程扩散诱导应力与热应力对比研究

为了明晰锂离子电池在放电过程中产生的扩散诱导应力和热应力对电池的影响,使用Comsol Multiphysics 6.0建立了18.5 Ah软包NCM111锂离子电池的电化学-力-热耦合模型,基于该模型对不同放电倍率下电池的负极颗粒中心表面锂浓度差、扩散诱导应力、热应力及膨胀行为进行了仿真分析。扩散诱导应力可通过一维电化学模型及其衍生的颗粒维度进行仿真分析,而热应力则需要通过三维固体力学和传热模型进行仿真。研究结果表明,随着放电倍率的增加,电池产生的扩散诱导应力和热应力都会增大,因此,低放电倍率有助于降低电池产生的应力。负极颗粒产生的扩散诱导应力与颗粒中心表面锂浓度差相关,颗粒中心与表面的锂浓度差随着放电过程的进行逐渐增大。将一维模型中的负极视为由无数负极颗粒组成的线段,放电前期,靠近隔膜端的颗粒中心与表面锂浓度差高于集流体端,放电后期则相反,这个变化发生的转折点在放电深度为60%~70%之间。这也意味着放电前期隔膜端的负极颗粒产生的扩散诱导应力大于集流体端的负极颗粒,也更容易破裂,而放电后期则相反。负极颗粒产生的扩散诱导应力大小为兆帕级,远高于电芯产生的大小为千帕级的热应力。同时,电芯产生的热应力和最大位移与电池温差呈线性关系,随着放电倍率的增加而增大。值得注意的是,与圆柱形电池不同,软包电池的极耳与电芯连接处会产生较大的热应力。本研究对比分析了软包NCM111锂离子电池放电过程产生的扩散诱导应力与热应力,为电极和电芯的制造及应力监测提供理论支撑。

热失控状态气液两相的锂离子电池建模及修正方法研究

锂离子电池在应用过程中因滥用而发生热失控现象,导致电池内部产生大量气体,传统的固液两相模型难以准确描述热失控机理。针对以上问题,以18650电池组为研究对象,构建气液两相的锂离子电池模组的电化学-热耦合模型,研究了热失控气体对锂离子电池内部应力、温度、电解液浓度的影响规律,同时利用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5软件进行了有效性验证和理论模型修正。研究结果表明,锂离子电池热失控气体对电池内部应力、温度、电解液浓度有着明显的正反馈影响规律。内部应力的理论修正值与仿真值峰值均在相近时刻出现,且误差为0.04 MPa,计算精确率提高了80%。电池内部温度到60℃左右时发生热失控,产生的热失控气体在内部温度升高到160℃时被点燃,640 s时达到最高仿真温度,修正温度分别为177、172℃,热失控气体产生的热点现象是影响电池包内部的温度分布不均的主要原因。电解液浓度理论修正值和仿真值从1 200 mol/m3同步下降至837 mol/m3,形成气液两相流,电解液与电极材料反应和分解造成了电解液浓度降低。

基于SIwave与Icepak的PCB板的电热耦合研究

随着集成电路的不断发展,面对不断提升的PCB板热设计要求,提出了一种方法准确仿真PCB板的温度分布。利用SIwave与Icepak软件,建立了PCB板和电子元件的模型,进行了PCB板的双向和单向电热耦合仿真。通过对比分析仿真与实验结果,得出以下结论:仿真得到的PCB板的温度云图与通过红外热成像仪拍摄得到的PCB板的温度云图呈现相似的温度分布趋势;在PCB板双向电热耦合仿真的基础上,采用Re-k-ε湍流模型进行PCB板单向电热耦合仿真得到的PCB板的温度分布,比采用层流模型进行的PCB板双向电热耦合仿真得到的PCB板的温度分布更准确;仿真结果与实验结果相比,最大相差2.59℃,最小仅相差0.39℃。

航发主轴球轴承喷油润滑热场分析及试验研究

针对航发主轴三点接触球轴承高速运转时容易引起轴承烧伤问题,采用局部法建立轴承生热模型。基于流体两相流理论和耦合传热原理,建立轴承流固耦合模型,分析转速、供油量等对流场以及轴承温度的影响。利用航发球轴承试验机开展轴承温升试验,并对仿真结果进行验证。结果表明:随着供油量的增加,轴承外圈的油量显著增加,轴承温度下降;当供油量达到1.2 L/min时,继续增加供油量冷却效果减弱;随着转速增加,轴承腔内油液减少,轴承内外圈温度均增大且内圈增幅比外圈大;随着轴向载荷增加,轴承内外圈温度均增大。试验结果与仿真计算最大误差为10.27%,验证了模型的合理性。

太阳能被动式通风与建筑相变蓄热耦合技术研究进展

太阳能被动式通风(Solar Passive Ventilation,SPV)技术与建筑相变蓄热(Building Phase Change Heat Storage,BPCHS)技术是当前建筑节能的有效策略,两者有机结合能够显著提高太阳能利用效率、降低建筑能耗与改善室内热环境。通过对国内外有关文献调研分析,概述了太阳能被动式通风与建筑相变蓄热技术各自原理与分类,同时阐述了技术特点及其研究进展。基于太阳能被动式通风与相变蓄热在建筑应用的现状,论述了相变蓄热强化太阳能被动式通风原理及其有机耦合形式,包括相变Trombe墙、相变烟囱、相变通风屋顶等多种结合方式。此外,为了有效反映被动式通风特征与相变蓄热耦合流动-传热过程,系统总结了通风数值模型、相变蓄热求解模型以及耦合系统模型与相关实验研究。概括了太阳能被动式通风与建筑相变蓄热耦合(SPV-BPCHS)技术关键影响因素及其评价指标,指出了其对建筑室内热环境影响特性。调研结果表明,SPV-BPCHS技术能有效降低建筑能源消耗、提高太阳能建筑利用率和改善室内热环境效果,但仍应加强对高效低碳材料的研究及耦合技术稳定性研究,同时该耦合技术实验可行性也需要进一步验证。将为提高太阳能利用率和建筑室内环境耦合强化提供新的技术途径。

隔热油管隔热层中支撑材料热力耦合特性分析

在稠油开采注蒸汽热采过程中,隔热油管可以有效减少井筒径向传热损失。实际生产中,隔热油管中的支撑材料(玻璃纤维)容易破损,导致散热损失增加,影响稠油热采效果。筛选更优质的支撑材料,增强隔热油管性能,有待深入研究。建立支撑材料多物理场耦合模型,针对玻璃纤维、碳纤维和复合玻璃纤维材料,进行了实际模拟计算;据此分析了支撑材料的温度、应力和位移变化特性。结果表明:随时间变化,复合玻璃纤维Mises应力最大、玻璃纤维次之、碳纤维最小,建议隔热管以复合玻璃纤维为支撑材料。研究结果为延长隔热油管使用寿命、提高稠油采收效果提供一定技术支撑。