Fully fluid-solid coupling dynamic model for seismic response of underground structures in saturated soils

The seismic response characteristics of underground structures in saturated soils are investigated.A fully fluid-solid coupling dynamic model is developed and implemented into ABAQUS with a user-defined element to simulate the dynamic behavior of saturated soils.The accuracy of the model is validated using a classic example in literature.The performance of the model is verified by its application on simulating the seismic response characteristics of a subway station built in saturated soils.The merits of the model are demonstrated by comparing the difference of the seismic response of an underground structure in saturated soils between using the fully coupling model and a single-phase medium model.The study finds that the fully coupling model developed herein can simulate the dynamic response characteristics of the underground structures in saturated soils with high accuracy.The seismic response of the underground structure tends to be underestimated by using the single-phase medium model compared with using the fully coupling model,which provides a weaker confining action to the underground structure.

FLUID-SOLID COUPLING MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN UNSATURATED ZONE AND ITS ASYMPTOTICAL SOLUTION

The process of contaminant transport is a problem of multicomponent and multiphase flow in unsaturated zone. Under the presupposition that gas existence affects water transport, a coupled mathematical model of contaminant transport in unsaturated zone has been established based on fluid_solid interaction mechanics theory. The asymptotical solutions to the nonlinear coupling mathematical model were accomplished by the perturbation and integral transformation method. The distribution law of pore pressure, pore water velocity and contaminant concentration in unsaturated zone has been presented under the conditions of with coupling and without coupling gas phase. An example problem was used to provide a quantitative verification and validation of the model. The asymptotical solution was compared with Faust model solution. The comparison results show reasonable agreement between asymptotical solution and Faust solution, and the gas effect and media deformation has a large impact on the contaminant transport. The theoretical basis is provided for forecasting contaminant transport and the determination of the relationship among pressure_saturation_permeability in laboratory.

Characteristic analysis of mechanical thermal coupling model for bearing rotor system of high-speed train

Based on Newton’s second law and the thermal network method,a mechanical thermal coupling model of the bearing rotor system of high-speed trains is established to study the interaction between the bearing vibration and temperature.The influence of lubrication on the vibration and temperature characteristics of the system is considered in the model,and the real-time relationship between them is built up by using the transient temperature field model.After considering the lubrication,the bearing outer ring vibration acceleration and node temperature considering grease are lower,which shows the necessity of adding the lubrication model.The corresponding experiments for characteristics of vibration and temperature of the model are respectively conducted.In the envelope spectrum obtained from the simulation signal and the experimental signal,the frequency values corresponding to the peaks are close to the theoretical calculation results,and the error is very small.In the three stages of the temperature characteristic experiment,the node temperature change of the simulation model is consistent with the experiment.The good agreement between simulation and experiments proves the effectiveness of the model.By studying the influence of the bearing angular and fault size on the system node temperature,as well as the change law of bearing lubrication characteristics and temperature,it is found that the worse the working condition is,the higher the temperature is.When the ambient temperature is low,the viscosity of grease increases,and the oil film becomes thicker,which increases the sliding probability of the rolling element,thus affecting the normal operation of the bearing,which explains the phenomenon of frequent bearing faults of high-speed trains in the low-temperature area of Northeast China.Further analysis shows that faults often occur in the early stage of train operation in the low-temperature environment.

Numerical modeling of influence of thermal flow coupling on flow characteristics of molten steel

Using the equation of continuity and the double equation of Navier-Stokes and k-ε, numerical modeling on a single outlet continuous casting tundish has been carried out during the process of non-thermal flow coupling. The flow field distribution inside the tundish was calculated and the viscosity response time was calculated with the mass transfer equation based on the flow field distribution. The flow characteristics of the molten steel inside the tundish were analyzed, with the results of the numerical modeling compared to the hydraulic modeling. The results showed that the Resident Time Distribution （RTD） curves in the latter anatomosed comparatively better. This certified the validity established by the mathematical model. Numerical modeling was carried out on both large and small tundishes during the processes of thermal flow coupling and also thermal non-flow coupling. The results showed that in regards to large tundishes with relatively simple flow processes, using numerical modeling for thermal flow coupling is necessary.

Fluid solid coupling model based on endochronic damage for roller compacted concrete dam

According to the characteristics of thin-layer rolling and pouting construction technology and the complicated mechanical behavior of the roller compacted concrete dam （RCCD） construction interface, a constitutive model of endochronic damage was established based on the endochronic theory and damage mechanics. The proposed model abandons the traditional concept of elastic-plastic yield surface and can better reflect the real behavior of rolled control concrete. Basic equations were proposed for the fluid-solid coupling analysis, and the relationships among the corresponding key physical parameters were also put forward. One three-dimensional finite element method （FEM） program was obtained by studying the FEM type of the seepage-stress coupling intersection of the RCCD. The method was applied to an actual project, and the results show that the fluid-solid interaction influences dam deformation and dam abutment stability, which is in accordance with practice. Therefore, this model provides a new method for revealing the mechanical behavior of RCCD under the coupling field.

Improved Multiple Feature-electrochemical Thermal Coupling Modeling of Lithium-ion Batteries at Low-temperature with Real-time Coefficient Correction

Monitoring various internal parameters plays a core role in ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries in power supply applications.It also influences the sustainability effect and online state of charge prediction.An improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling method is proposed considering low-temperature performance degradation for the complete characteristic expression of multi-dimensional information.This is to obtain the parameter influence mechanism with a multi-variable coupling relationship.An optimized decoupled deviation strategy is constructed for accurate state of charge prediction with real-time correction of time-varying current and temperature effects.The innovative decoupling method is combined with the functional relationships of state of charge and open-circuit voltage to capture energy management ef-fectively.Then,an adaptive equivalent-prediction model is constructed using the state-space equation and iterative feedback correction,making the proposed model adaptive to fractional calculation.The maximum state of charge estimation errors of the proposed method are 4.57% and 0.223% under the Beijing bus dynamic stress test and dynamic stress test conditions,respectively.The improved multiple feature-electrochemical thermal coupling modeling realizes the effective correction of the current and temperature variations with noise influencing coefficient,and provides an efficient state of charge prediction method adaptive to complex conditions.

Effects of Different Spin-Spin Couplings and Magnetic Fields on Thermal Entanglement in Heisenberg XYZ Chain

The effects of spin-spin interaction on thermed entanglement of a two-qubit Heisenberg XYZ model with different inhomogeneous magnetic fields are investigated. It is shown that the entanglement is dependent on the spin-spin interaction and the inhomogeneous magnetic fields. The larger the Ji （i-axis spin-spin interaction）, the higher critical value the Bi （i-axis uniform magnetic field） has. Moreover, in the weak-field regime, the larger Ji corresponds to more entanglement, while in the strong-field regime, different Ji correspond to the same entanglement. In addition, it is found that with the increase of Ji, the concurrence can approach the maximum value more rapidly for the smaller Bi, and can reach a larger value for the smaller bi （i-axis nonuniform magnetic field）. So we can get more entanglement by increasing the spin-spin interaction Ji, or by decreasing the uniform magnetic field Bi and the nonuniform magnetic field hi.

A new numerical model of ring shear tester for shear band soil considering friction-induced thermal pressurization

In this study,a new numerical model of ring shear tester for shear band soil of landslide was established.The special feature of this model is that it considers the mechanism of friction-induced thermal pressurization,which is potentially an important cause of high-speed catastrophic landslides.The key to the construction of this numerical ring shear model is to realize the THM(thermo-hydro-mechanical)dynamic coupling of soil particles,which includes the processes of frictional heating,thermal pressurization,and strength softening during shearing of solid particles.All of these are completed by using discrete element method.Based on this new model,the characteristics of shear stress change with shear displacement,as well as the variation of temperature and pore pressure in the specimen,are studied at shear rates of 0.055 m/s,0.06 m/s,0.109 m/s and 1.09 m/s,respectively.The results show that the peak strength and residual strength of specimen are significantly reduced when the mechanism of frictioninduced thermal pressurization is considered.The greater the shear rate is,the higher the temperature as well as the pore pressure is.The effect of shear rate on the shear strength is bidirectional.The simulation results demonstrate that this model can effectively simulate the mechanism of friction-induced thermal pressurization of shear band soil during ring shear process,and the shear strength softening in the process.The new numerical ring shear model established in this study is of great significance for studying the dynamic mechanism of high-speed catastrophic landslides.

Analysis of thermal-mechanical coupled characteristics of vehicle twin-tube shock absorber

A comprehensive model that included mechanical dynamics of the shock absorber coupled with its thermal properties was proposed innovatively.Moreover a thermal-mechanical coupled model which reflected the closed-loop positive feedback system was established by using MATLAB/SIMULINK,and some curves of shock absorber temperature rising characteristic were obtained by simulation ＆computation under several operating modes and different parameters conditions.Research results show that：shock absorber design parameters,external excitations,and thermo-physical properties parameter,such as oil density have effect on the shock absorber temperature rising characteristic.However other thermo-physical properties parameters,such as oil specific heat,cylinder density,cylinder specific heat,and cylinder thermal conductivity,have no effect on it.The results may be used for studying reliability design of the shock absorber.

基于磁热耦合法的非对称混合磁极永磁电机热分析

针对传统内置永磁电机损耗高、发热量大的问题,提出非对称混合磁极永磁电机拓扑结构.介绍非对称混合磁极永磁电机的拓扑结构,对比分析两者的电磁特性与损耗分布特性.针对非对称混合磁极永磁电机分布式绕组的结构特点,对绕组进行等效处理,确定等效导热系数,建立集中参数热网络模型.建立单向磁热耦合模型,计算电机各部件的温度分布,验证了热网络模型的正确性.考虑到温度对永磁材料的影响,建立双向磁热耦合模型,对比分析不同电流密度对电机温升的影响规律.试制一台样机并搭建温升试验平台进行温升试验,验证了新型拓扑结构的有效性与合理性以及磁热双向耦合法计算结果的准确性.

磨床整机热-力耦合特性建模方法与实验研究

针对数控外圆磨床提出一种机床热-机械耦合的整机变形建模仿真方法,以实现磨床整机从加工至达到热平衡过程的热力耦合仿真分析。通过磨床加工中的热载荷和力载荷计算方法分析了力负荷与热负荷的耦合影响规律;对考虑强迫对流和自然对流的各部件在不同边界条件下进行了分析计算,采用有限元分析了冷却液温度和环境温度对热力耦合变形的影响规律,通过实验测量磨床关键部件在误差敏感方向的温度分布和变形量,测量结果与仿真结果的变形方向一致,且幅值误差小于10%,验证了所建立的整机热-力耦合建模方法的有效性,为加工误差补偿提供理论和技术支持。

不同季节影响下复合道面力学响应分析

为了研究复合道面在不同季节时的力学响应,以中原地区某机场改造项目为项目背景,借助三维有限元软件,建立了道面有限元模型,分析了复合道面在温度影响下的力学响应,并与机场监测数据进行对比,验证了模型的准确性。研究发现:大气温度所能影响的道面深度范围在0.56 m以内,和大气温度相比,道面面层温度峰值远大于气温峰值;道面内部不同结构层之间温度变化趋势相同,随着道面深度的加深,温度峰值逐渐递减,并且出现时间具有延迟现象;在不同季节,道面在相同机型作用下所产生的变形不同,说明温度对于道面的受力是有影响的,其中混凝土层在冬季时所产生的应变值比夏季所产生的减少约74%,变化比较明显。

深中通道钢壳-混凝土组合沉管浇筑变形研究

深中通道沉管管节采用钢壳-混凝土组合结构形式,通过向空钢壳浇筑混凝土预制而成。为评估沉管管节施工后的整体变形,建立了热-结构顺序耦合的分析框架,基于ANSYS APDL及UFPs二次开发模块,分别建立了考虑水化度、日照辐射、大气温度变化的精细温度场模型和考虑混凝土硬化及收缩特性的结构分析模型。通过对足尺管节的温度及应变模拟结果与监测数据的对比,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。在此基础上,分析了日照辐射、大气温度变化等对于管节温度场的影响,同时分析了管节的整体变形模式,以及温度效应、混凝土收缩及自重三种因素对管节整体横向、纵向及竖向变形的影响。结果表明:管节施工过程的温度场表现为时变和空间分布的特征,格仓边部温度受外界气温变化和日照辐射的影响存在周期性波动,而格仓中部温度峰值主要受混凝土自身水化放热特性的控制;管节最终表现为顶板横向及纵向内收,竖向下挠,底板横向及竖向变形不显著;太阳辐射对于结构温度场影响较日气温变化更显著,建议在混凝土温度峰值预测中予以考虑,而日气温变化可采用日平均气温值予以简化;温度效应及材料收缩对管节横向及纵向整体变形影响显著,自重因素导致的变形在横向及纵向的比例为44.3%、11.7%,而在竖向所占比例达92.5%,因而温度效应及材料收缩在管节横向及纵向变形分析中不可忽视;该分析方法可适用于大体积混凝土等结构的温度效应的预测和评估。

基于CEL法熔滴冲击基板的TPF/FSI数值模拟

航空发动机和燃气轮机的高温工作环境会对其热端金属部件造成不可逆损伤,热障涂层(thermal barrier coatings,TBCs)能够承受高温和高压的侵蚀性环境,从而保证金属部件使用的安全性及可靠性。以空心Y_(2)O_(3)-ZrO_(2)(yttrium-stabilized zirconia,YSZ)粒子在等离子焰流中的2种形态,即全熔熔滴和空心熔滴为研究对象对其冲击铺展过程进行了模拟。基于ABAQUS/EXPLICIT耦合欧拉-拉格朗日(coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian,CEL)有限元方法,首先针对ABAQUS缺少相变模型,导致使用CEL方法计算熔滴铺展形貌失真的问题,给出了适用的动力黏度随温度变化的经验公式。此外,考虑周围空气对熔滴铺展过程的影响,提出了“两相流(two phase flow,TPF)/流-固耦合(fluid-structure-interaction,FSI)”2.5D模型,对熔滴冲击基板凝固成型及空气卷入的过程进行了模拟,并揭示了2种熔滴铺展形貌存在较大差异的机理,对制备隔热性能更优的热障涂层具有指导意义。

基于电热耦合模型的宽温域锂离子电池SOC/SOP联合估计

准确的状态估计对于锂离子电池安全可靠运行具有重要意义,但由于非线性强,多参数耦合,实现宽温域多参数联合在线估计难度较大。考虑到温度影响,建立电热耦合模型,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(EKF)在线辨识电池参数,通过电压及温度仿真验证了模型的准确性;然后针对无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(UKF)历史数据利用率低的问题,引入多新息理论(MI)改进UKF,改进后的算法在非电压平台区荷电状态(SOC)估计均方根误差不超过1.2%,相较于改进前误差降低了30%以上,并结合安时积分法设计切换算法,解决了MIUKF算法在磷酸铁锂电池电压平台区无法通过电压反馈修正SOC估计误差的问题,实现了宽温域复杂工况下全区间SOC的准确估计,在不同SOC初始值条件下验证了结合算法的准确性,均方根误差不超过3%,为峰值功率(SOP)估计提供了可靠的SOC值;最后将温度约束引入到SOP估计中,提出多约束条件下的SOP估计方法,结果表明在高温条件下,温度起到关键限制作用,可以防止电池温升过大,减少安全隐患。

锂电池在机械滥用下的耦合仿真模型研究

随着新能源汽车保有量的增加,因锂电池故障而引起的起火、爆炸等问题引起了各界的密切关注。锂电池在机械滥用下的热失控行为复杂、实验成本高、可重复性低,难以为研究提供有效、完备的数据。因此,利用高置信度仿真模型研究和评估锂电池的安全性能是一种可行的途径。基于Ls-Dyna软件建立了锂电池机-电-热耦合仿真模型。结果表明,该模型能够准确预测电池在受到压痕时的机械响应和电响应,且能合理地模拟电池的温度分布,具有较高的置信度。利用该模型对控制因素(压头半径,冲压方式)进行了研究,并综合分析了相关参数对锂电池安全性能的影响。所获得的结果可为车载锂电池包的设计和安全系统构建提供参考。

热失控状态气液两相的锂离子电池建模及修正方法研究

锂离子电池在应用过程中因滥用而发生热失控现象,导致电池内部产生大量气体,传统的固液两相模型难以准确描述热失控机理。针对以上问题,以18650电池组为研究对象,构建气液两相的锂离子电池模组的电化学-热耦合模型,研究了热失控气体对锂离子电池内部应力、温度、电解液浓度的影响规律,同时利用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5软件进行了有效性验证和理论模型修正。研究结果表明,锂离子电池热失控气体对电池内部应力、温度、电解液浓度有着明显的正反馈影响规律。内部应力的理论修正值与仿真值峰值均在相近时刻出现,且误差为0.04 MPa,计算精确率提高了80%。电池内部温度到60℃左右时发生热失控,产生的热失控气体在内部温度升高到160℃时被点燃,640 s时达到最高仿真温度,修正温度分别为177、172℃,热失控气体产生的热点现象是影响电池包内部的温度分布不均的主要原因。电解液浓度理论修正值和仿真值从1 200 mol/m3同步下降至837 mol/m3,形成气液两相流,电解液与电极材料反应和分解造成了电解液浓度降低。

设施园艺电驱移动平台轮毂电机设计及其磁-热耦合性能

针对设施园艺作业场景下电驱移动平台的低速大扭矩牵引作业需求,该研究设计了一种减速内转子轴向磁通轮毂电机,建立电机的电磁有限元模型并分析其电磁和损耗特性。考虑到绕组电阻率受温度变化影响,构建基于热网络法的轮毂电机磁-热耦合改进模型。与台架试验结果相比,基于改进模型获得的转矩预测值较传统模型的精度提高了5.33%,验证了模型的正确性。利用改进模型分析了温度和相电流对电机转矩特性的影响,仿真结果表明,输出转矩随电机温度增加而降低;在0~20 A,电机平均输出转矩与相电流呈线性关系。试验结果表明,轮毂电机功率随转速增加而增大,峰值功率可达4.59 kW,而转矩基本保持恒定;在转速450~900 r/min、转矩300~600 N·m时,电机效率高达93.2%。研究结果可为轴向磁通电机初步设计与多场耦合影响下电机性能分析提供思路。

阳春沟区块页岩气超临界CO_(2)增能压裂研究与应用

目的目前,超临界CO_(2)压裂应用前景广阔,为更好地指导现场应用,亟需明确超临界CO_(2)压裂的起裂压力和裂缝扩展规律。方法考虑压裂过程温度变化对CO_(2)物性的影响以及岩石中的热应力作用,建立热流固耦合超临界CO_(2)压裂模型。探究了水平应力差、天然裂缝逼近角以及CO_(2)注入温度对裂缝起裂的影响。结果在阳春沟Y井开展的现场试验表明:与水力压裂相比,超临界CO_(2)压裂可以明显降低裂缝起裂压力,即使在高水平应力差下,仍可以获得复杂的裂缝形态;天然裂缝逼近角增大,起裂压力随之增大,裂缝复杂程度增加;CO_(2)注入温度与地层温差越大,热应力作用越明显,裂缝形态越复杂。结论现场应用显示注入前置超临界CO_(2)可以有效降低起裂压力,有利于提高后续水力压裂的缝内净压力,增强储层改造效果。