Effects of polarization and p-type GaN resistivity on the spectral response of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well （MQW） solar cells are investigated. It is found that due to the reduction of piezoelectric polarization ...Effects of polarization and p-type GaN resistivity on the spectral response of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well （MQW） solar cells are investigated. It is found that due to the reduction of piezoelectric polarization and the enhancement of tunneling transport of photo-generated carriers in MQWs, the external quantum efficiency （EQE） of the solar cells increases in a low energy spectral range （λ 〉 370 nm） when the barrier thickness value decreases from 15 nm to 7.5 nm. But the EQE decreases abruptly when the barrier thickness value decreases down to 3.75 nm. The reasons for these experimental results are analyzed. We are aware that the reduction of depletion width in MQW region, caused by the high resistivity of the p-type GaN layer may be the main reason for the abnormally low EQE value at long wavelengths （λ 〉 370 nm）.展开更多
Objective:To explore the relationship between the changes of miR145‑5p/Smads pathway and macrophage polarization in adjuvant arthritis rats.Methods:Twelve rats were divided into normal group and model group induced by...Objective:To explore the relationship between the changes of miR145‑5p/Smads pathway and macrophage polarization in adjuvant arthritis rats.Methods:Twelve rats were divided into normal group and model group induced by freund's complete adjuvant(0.1 mL/mouse)by random number table method,with 6 rats in each group.The expression of inflammatory polarization markers IL‑8 and CD206 in synovial tissue was detected by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay on the 12th day after the formation of arthritis in rats.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TGF‑β1/Smads pathway factors in synovial tissues.The expression of miR145‑5P,Smads3 and Smads7 in synovial tissue was detected by RT‑qPCR.Results:Compared with normal group,the expression levels of IL‑8,TGF‑β1 and Smad3 in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05);The expression levels of CD206,Smad7 and miR145‑5P were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The correlation results showed that IL‑8 was positively correlated with Smad3(P<0.01),IL‑8 was negatively correlated with Smad7(P<0.05),CD206 was negatively correlated with Smad3(P<0.01)and positively correlated with Smad7(P<0.05).miR145‑5p was negatively correlated with Smad3(P<0.01)and positively correlated with Smad7(P<0.01).Conclusion:miR145‑5p may inhibit the overactivation of TGF‑β1/Smads pathway,regulate macrophage polarization,and inhibit the development of adjuvant arthritis by inhibiting Smad3 expression.展开更多
imbalance of synovial macrophages in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Human mononuclear cells(THP‑1)at logarithmic growth stage were induced into M1‑type macrophages,and RA synovial fibroblasts M1‑type m...imbalance of synovial macrophages in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Human mononuclear cells(THP‑1)at logarithmic growth stage were induced into M1‑type macrophages,and RA synovial fibroblasts M1‑type macrophages were co‑cultured into synovial macrophages.Synovial macrophages were divided into four groups:RA group(blank group),TGF‑β1 group(model group)and miR145‑5P overexpression group(TGF‑β1+miR145‑5P mimics group)and miR145‑5P overexpression negative control group(TGF‑β1+miR145‑5P‑mimics‑NC group).The blank group did not receive any treatment,and the other three groups were induced by TGF‑β1 in the medium for 48 h.Transfection miR145‑5p mimic and miR145‑5P‑mimics‑NC were added to co‑culture medium,and IL‑6,IL‑6 and IL‑6 of synovial macrophages were detected by ELISA.CD163 expression.Rt‑qpcr was used to detect miR145‑5p mRNA,TGF‑β1mRNA,Smad3mRNA,Smad7mRNA expression level.The expression of TGF‑β1/Smads pathway related proteins was detected by Western Blotting.Results:Compared with blank group,IL‑6 level was up‑regulated(P<0.01),and CD163 level was down‑regulated in model group(P<0.05),suggesting that TGF‑β1 could induce intensified immune inflammatory response.Compared with the negative miR145‑5P overexpression control group and model group,The expression of miR145‑5P overexpression group molecule CD163 was significantly increased by ELISA(P<0.01),and the expression of inflammatory factor IL‑6 was decreased(P<0.05).PCR showed that miR145‑5P mRNA expression level was significantly increased in miR145‑5P overexpression group,Smad3 mRNA and TGF‑β1 mRNA were significantly decreased,and Smad7 mRNA was significantly increased(P<0.01).WB method showed that the anti‑inflammatory protein Smad7 was significantly increased,while TGF‑β1 and Smad3 were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Transwell chamber results confirmed that miR145‑5P overexpression group significantly reduced macrophage invasion(P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed that miR145‑5P was negatively correlated with Smad3 and positively correlated with Smad7(P<0.01).Conclusion:miR145‑5P may inhibit macrophage polarization in RA patients by targeting Smad3 protein,negatively regulating TGF‑β1/Smads pathway,and alleviating immune inflammation.展开更多
Objective:To explore the abnormal expression and significance of circ-CBLB/miR-486-5p in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of spleen deficiency and dampness excess type.Methods:The 30 healthy individuals included in ...Objective:To explore the abnormal expression and significance of circ-CBLB/miR-486-5p in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of spleen deficiency and dampness excess type.Methods:The 30 healthy individuals included in the method were from the Physical Examination Center of Anhui Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and the 60 rheumatoid arthritis patients included were from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The disease activity score of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was evaluated using VAS score and DAS28 score,joint symptoms and spleen deficiency syndrome score were evaluated using graded quantification method,immune inflammation indicators were detected using relevant instruments,inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA method,macrophage markers were detected using FCM method,and pathway gene expression was detected using RT-qPCR;Evaluate the predictive effect of circ-CBLB and miR-486-5p on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis using ROC curves.Results:(1)miR-486-5p,CD14^(+)CD86^(+),ESR,CRP,RF,Anti CCP Ab,IL-6,TNF in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-αThe levels of circ-CBLB,CD14^(+)CD163^(+),IL-4,and IL-10 were significantly higher than those of healthy individuals;(2)The expression level of circ-CBLB in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is positively correlated with CD14^(+)CD163^(+),and negatively correlated with miR-486-5p and CD14^(+)CD86^(+);The expression level of miR-486-5p is negatively correlated with CD14^(+)CD163^(+)and positively correlated with CD14^(+)CD86^(+);There is a negative correlation between CD14^(+)CD86^(+)and CD14^(+)CD163^(+);ESR is negatively correlated with circ-CBLB,and positively correlated with miR-486-5p,CD14^(+)CD86^(+),CRP;CRP is negatively correlated with circ-CBLB,CD14^(+)CD163^(+),and positively correlated with CD14^(+)CD86^(+),ESR;(3)The expression level of circ-CBLB in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is negatively correlated with joint tenderness,morning stiffness,lack of qi and lazy speech,and postprandial abdominal distension score;The expression level of miR-486-5p is positively correlated with the scores of joint tenderness and decreased appetite.(4)The ROC curve shows that in terms of circ-CBLB,ESR,CRP,VAS,and DAS28 AUC are 0.662(P=0.032),0.658(P=0.035),0.516(P=0.830),and 0.791(P=0.000),respectively.In terms of miR-486-5p,ESR,CRP,VAS,and DAS28 AUC were 0.566(P=0.385),0.511(P=0.883),0.592(P=0.223),and 0.727(P=0.003),respectively.Conclusion:The abnormal expression of circ CBLB and miR-486-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cell of patients with rheumatoid arthritis of spleen deficiency and dampness excess type is related to inflammatory polarization markers,immune inflammation,disease activity,joint symptoms and spleen deficiency syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis,and the low expression of circ CBLB and high expression of miR-486-5p have certain predictive value for disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis.展开更多
Results of experimental investigation of detection (rectification) of high power X-band microwave signal in diodes of various design (semiconductor p-n-junction, point-contact, Schottky, Metal-Isolator-Metal—MIM) are...Results of experimental investigation of detection (rectification) of high power X-band microwave signal in diodes of various design (semiconductor p-n-junction, point-contact, Schottky, Metal-Isolator-Metal—MIM) are reported. The maximum of the detected direct voltage V vs. power P of microwave signal and subsequent polarity reversal, previously found in MIM diodes in the optical and microwave bands, have found to be characteristic of all investigated diodes as well. After the reversal of polarity, this dependence comes linear, and the sign of the voltage corresponds to thermoEMF. In some diodes, the hysteresis on V(P) was observed. All 5 types of V(P) of MIM diodes (have made from different pairs of metals), reported earlier, were reproduced on same p-n-junction diode by variable external DC bias. These results joined with abnormal frequency cutoff forced to suggest that there is an unknown mechanism for direct flow of charge carriers (and for generate direct current) in the high-frequency electrical field, which differs from the conventional rectification.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(Grant No.60925017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61223005,10990100,and 61176126)the Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology Cross-Discipline Foundation,China
文摘Effects of polarization and p-type GaN resistivity on the spectral response of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well （MQW） solar cells are investigated. It is found that due to the reduction of piezoelectric polarization and the enhancement of tunneling transport of photo-generated carriers in MQWs, the external quantum efficiency （EQE） of the solar cells increases in a low energy spectral range （λ 〉 370 nm） when the barrier thickness value decreases from 15 nm to 7.5 nm. But the EQE decreases abruptly when the barrier thickness value decreases down to 3.75 nm. The reasons for these experimental results are analyzed. We are aware that the reduction of depletion width in MQW region, caused by the high resistivity of the p-type GaN layer may be the main reason for the abnormally low EQE value at long wavelengths （λ 〉 370 nm）.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 60606021）, the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （Grant No 20060003067） and the Key Fundamental Research Foundation of Tsinghua University of China （Grant No Jz2001010）.
基金Natural Science Research Project of Universities in Anhui Province(NO.KJ2020A0396)。
文摘Objective:To explore the relationship between the changes of miR145‑5p/Smads pathway and macrophage polarization in adjuvant arthritis rats.Methods:Twelve rats were divided into normal group and model group induced by freund's complete adjuvant(0.1 mL/mouse)by random number table method,with 6 rats in each group.The expression of inflammatory polarization markers IL‑8 and CD206 in synovial tissue was detected by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay on the 12th day after the formation of arthritis in rats.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of TGF‑β1/Smads pathway factors in synovial tissues.The expression of miR145‑5P,Smads3 and Smads7 in synovial tissue was detected by RT‑qPCR.Results:Compared with normal group,the expression levels of IL‑8,TGF‑β1 and Smad3 in model group were significantly increased(P<0.05);The expression levels of CD206,Smad7 and miR145‑5P were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The correlation results showed that IL‑8 was positively correlated with Smad3(P<0.01),IL‑8 was negatively correlated with Smad7(P<0.05),CD206 was negatively correlated with Smad3(P<0.01)and positively correlated with Smad7(P<0.05).miR145‑5p was negatively correlated with Smad3(P<0.01)and positively correlated with Smad7(P<0.01).Conclusion:miR145‑5p may inhibit the overactivation of TGF‑β1/Smads pathway,regulate macrophage polarization,and inhibit the development of adjuvant arthritis by inhibiting Smad3 expression.
基金Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province(No.kj2020a0396)。
文摘imbalance of synovial macrophages in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods:Human mononuclear cells(THP‑1)at logarithmic growth stage were induced into M1‑type macrophages,and RA synovial fibroblasts M1‑type macrophages were co‑cultured into synovial macrophages.Synovial macrophages were divided into four groups:RA group(blank group),TGF‑β1 group(model group)and miR145‑5P overexpression group(TGF‑β1+miR145‑5P mimics group)and miR145‑5P overexpression negative control group(TGF‑β1+miR145‑5P‑mimics‑NC group).The blank group did not receive any treatment,and the other three groups were induced by TGF‑β1 in the medium for 48 h.Transfection miR145‑5p mimic and miR145‑5P‑mimics‑NC were added to co‑culture medium,and IL‑6,IL‑6 and IL‑6 of synovial macrophages were detected by ELISA.CD163 expression.Rt‑qpcr was used to detect miR145‑5p mRNA,TGF‑β1mRNA,Smad3mRNA,Smad7mRNA expression level.The expression of TGF‑β1/Smads pathway related proteins was detected by Western Blotting.Results:Compared with blank group,IL‑6 level was up‑regulated(P<0.01),and CD163 level was down‑regulated in model group(P<0.05),suggesting that TGF‑β1 could induce intensified immune inflammatory response.Compared with the negative miR145‑5P overexpression control group and model group,The expression of miR145‑5P overexpression group molecule CD163 was significantly increased by ELISA(P<0.01),and the expression of inflammatory factor IL‑6 was decreased(P<0.05).PCR showed that miR145‑5P mRNA expression level was significantly increased in miR145‑5P overexpression group,Smad3 mRNA and TGF‑β1 mRNA were significantly decreased,and Smad7 mRNA was significantly increased(P<0.01).WB method showed that the anti‑inflammatory protein Smad7 was significantly increased,while TGF‑β1 and Smad3 were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Transwell chamber results confirmed that miR145‑5P overexpression group significantly reduced macrophage invasion(P<0.01).Correlation analysis showed that miR145‑5P was negatively correlated with Smad3 and positively correlated with Smad7(P<0.01).Conclusion:miR145‑5P may inhibit macrophage polarization in RA patients by targeting Smad3 protein,negatively regulating TGF‑β1/Smads pathway,and alleviating immune inflammation.
基金the Seventh Batch of Inheritance Project of Academic Experience of National Veteran TCM Experts of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (GZYYRJH[2022]No. 76)National Natural Science Foundation General Project (No.81973655)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation General Project (No.82274501)Anhui Provincial Excellent Youth Talent Support Program for Universities (Anhui Education Secretary [2022]No. 11)Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medical Education Department (No.2020xayx04)Natural Science Research Project of Universities in Anhui Province (No.KJ2020A0397)Anhui NewEra Education Quality Engineering Project (No.2022xscx103)。
文摘Objective:To explore the abnormal expression and significance of circ-CBLB/miR-486-5p in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of spleen deficiency and dampness excess type.Methods:The 30 healthy individuals included in the method were from the Physical Examination Center of Anhui Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and the 60 rheumatoid arthritis patients included were from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.The disease activity score of patients with rheumatoid arthritis was evaluated using VAS score and DAS28 score,joint symptoms and spleen deficiency syndrome score were evaluated using graded quantification method,immune inflammation indicators were detected using relevant instruments,inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA method,macrophage markers were detected using FCM method,and pathway gene expression was detected using RT-qPCR;Evaluate the predictive effect of circ-CBLB and miR-486-5p on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis using ROC curves.Results:(1)miR-486-5p,CD14^(+)CD86^(+),ESR,CRP,RF,Anti CCP Ab,IL-6,TNF in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-αThe levels of circ-CBLB,CD14^(+)CD163^(+),IL-4,and IL-10 were significantly higher than those of healthy individuals;(2)The expression level of circ-CBLB in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is positively correlated with CD14^(+)CD163^(+),and negatively correlated with miR-486-5p and CD14^(+)CD86^(+);The expression level of miR-486-5p is negatively correlated with CD14^(+)CD163^(+)and positively correlated with CD14^(+)CD86^(+);There is a negative correlation between CD14^(+)CD86^(+)and CD14^(+)CD163^(+);ESR is negatively correlated with circ-CBLB,and positively correlated with miR-486-5p,CD14^(+)CD86^(+),CRP;CRP is negatively correlated with circ-CBLB,CD14^(+)CD163^(+),and positively correlated with CD14^(+)CD86^(+),ESR;(3)The expression level of circ-CBLB in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is negatively correlated with joint tenderness,morning stiffness,lack of qi and lazy speech,and postprandial abdominal distension score;The expression level of miR-486-5p is positively correlated with the scores of joint tenderness and decreased appetite.(4)The ROC curve shows that in terms of circ-CBLB,ESR,CRP,VAS,and DAS28 AUC are 0.662(P=0.032),0.658(P=0.035),0.516(P=0.830),and 0.791(P=0.000),respectively.In terms of miR-486-5p,ESR,CRP,VAS,and DAS28 AUC were 0.566(P=0.385),0.511(P=0.883),0.592(P=0.223),and 0.727(P=0.003),respectively.Conclusion:The abnormal expression of circ CBLB and miR-486-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cell of patients with rheumatoid arthritis of spleen deficiency and dampness excess type is related to inflammatory polarization markers,immune inflammation,disease activity,joint symptoms and spleen deficiency syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis,and the low expression of circ CBLB and high expression of miR-486-5p have certain predictive value for disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis.
文摘Results of experimental investigation of detection (rectification) of high power X-band microwave signal in diodes of various design (semiconductor p-n-junction, point-contact, Schottky, Metal-Isolator-Metal—MIM) are reported. The maximum of the detected direct voltage V vs. power P of microwave signal and subsequent polarity reversal, previously found in MIM diodes in the optical and microwave bands, have found to be characteristic of all investigated diodes as well. After the reversal of polarity, this dependence comes linear, and the sign of the voltage corresponds to thermoEMF. In some diodes, the hysteresis on V(P) was observed. All 5 types of V(P) of MIM diodes (have made from different pairs of metals), reported earlier, were reproduced on same p-n-junction diode by variable external DC bias. These results joined with abnormal frequency cutoff forced to suggest that there is an unknown mechanism for direct flow of charge carriers (and for generate direct current) in the high-frequency electrical field, which differs from the conventional rectification.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA0715500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12227901)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2019SHZDZX01)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(2021PT0007)。
