Filmwise Condensation Heat Transfer Enhancement with Dropwise and Filmwise Coexisting Condensation Surfaces

Six surfaces were prepared with defferent surface division patterns for the experimental investigationof steam condensation heat transfer characteristics for dropwise and filmwise coexisting(DFC)condensationsurfaces under atmospheric pressure Dropwise condensation(DWC)was promoted with an ultrathin polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)film,which was prepared by the dynamic ion-beam mixed implantation(DIMI)method.The results showed that the condensation phenomena at the intersection between the dropwise andfilmwise condensation regios were quite different for different relative positions of the dropwise and filmwisecondensation regions.The experimental results revealed that the condensation heat transfer characteristics werehighly influenced by the surface division number and the relative area ratio of the dropwise and filmwise conden-sation regions.The impact of thesc findings on heat transfer enhancement mechanism for condensation heattransfer is discussed in detail.

Numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement on steam condensation in the presence of air outside the tube

In loss-of-coolant accidents,a passive containment heat removal system protects the integrity of the containment by condensing steam.As a large amount of air exists in the containment,the steam condensation heat transfer can be significantly reduced.Based on previous research,traditional methods for enhancing pure steam condensation may not be applicable to steam–air condensation.In the present study,new methods of enhancing condensation heat transfer were adopted and several potentially enhanced heat transfer tubes,including corrugated tubes,spiral fin tubes,and ring fin tubes were designed.STAR-CCM+was used to determine the effect of enhanced heat transfer tubes on the steam condensation heat transfer.According to the calculations,the gas pressure ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 MPa,and air mass fraction ranged from 0.1 to 0.9.The effective perturbation of the high-concentration air layer was identified as the key factor for enhancing steam–air condensation heat transfer.Further,the designed corrugated tube performed well at atmospheric pressure,with a maximum enhancement of 27.4%,and performed poorly at high pressures.In the design of spiral fin tubes,special attention should be paid to the locations that may accumulate high-concentration air.Nonetheless,the ring-fin tubes generally displayed good performance under all conditions of interest,with a maximum enhancement of 24.2%.

Heat Transfer Enhancement and Vortex Flow Structure in the Spirally Fluted Tubes

The turbulence kinetic energy and heat transfer performance of air in spirally fluted tube were numerically studied at a constant wall temperature with Reynolds number(Re)between 5000 and 45000.Furthermore,the flow dynamics and heat transfer performance of spirally fluted tubes with five different geometric parameters as well as the effects of separation vortex and swirling wake flow on heat transfer and flow resistance were analyzed.According to the results,heat transfer is enhanced mainly because the fluid hit the windward side of the flute,thus generating a strong turbulence kinetic energy to further reconstruct the boundary layer.The second reason is that the formation of the recirculation zone between the flutes disturbs the boundary layer caused by the flow separation.With the increase of flute depth ratio(L_(d)/D),the separation vortex will become stronger and larger on the leeward side of flute.The separation vortex will break the boundary layer and improve the heat transfer capacity which is accompanied with the increase of fluid resistance.As the flute pitch length ratio(L_(p)/D)decreases,the spiral flow is strengthened,and meanwhile more wake flow is generated.The spiral flow causes little impact on enhancing heat transfer but inhibits the development of the separation vortex and fluid pulsation;in addition,the fluid resistance is reduced at the same time.The maximum value of the average Nusselt number appears when Re=5000,L_(d)/D=0.25 and L_(p)/D=1.00,which is 2.53 times the value of smooth tube.In view of the whole range of Reynolds number,the thermal performance enhancement factor indicates that L_(d)/D=0.15 and L_(p)/D=1.00 are the optimal geometric design parameters.

Study on heat transfer enhancement of discontinuous short wave finned flat tube

The typical configuration adopted by air-cooled condenser(ACC) in coal-fired power generating unit is the wave finned flat tube. The development of boundary layer between wave fins along long axis of flat tube can suppress the air-side heat transfer enhancement to a great extent. It has been proved that the serrated fins can enhance heat transfer obviously by breaking the development of boundary layer periodically. In the present study,the discontinuous short wave fin was introduced to the flat tube to enhance the air-side heat transfer of ACC. Two different types of arrangements,i.e. staggered and in-line for discontinuous short wave fins on the flat tube,were designed. By numerical simulation,the heat transfer and flow performances of short wave fins were studied under different arrangements(in-line,staggered) ,and the influences on heat transfer and flow characteristics of rows of short wave fin and interrupted distance between discontinuous short wave fins were revealed numerically. The results indicated that,compared with the original continuous wave fin,the discontinuous short wave fin effectively improved the air-side heat transfer of flat tube under the air flow velocities in the practical application of engineering. Moreover,the increment of pressure loss of air-side flow was restricted for the discontinuous short wave fins because of the reduction of contact areas between the air flow and fin surface.

Ammonia corrosion analysis of copper tubes and experimental research on non-copper improvement for heat exchanger in power plant

Ammonia corrosion in copper tube will affect the safety of boiler running in power plant. Therefore, no copper in heating system has become a technical orientation in heat exchanger reconstruction, This paper analyzes the condition and mechanism of ammonia corrosion occurring in copper tube used in coal-fired power plants. Using a general steam condensation testing equipment only for horizontal single tube, with water vapor and water as working fluid, on two types of steel tube with 2-side enhancement heat transfer, namely, a spirally fluted tube and a ratchet tube with internal spiral groove （RISG tube） which was developed recently, a set of experimental tests are conducted to investigate the characteristics of heat transfer and hydromeehanics. In order to compare easily, both one copper smooth tube and one steel smooth tube are also used in the experiment. The experimental results, which get from single horizontal tube, show that the overall heat transfer coefficient of steel spirally fluted tube are improved by 10%o to 17%, and that of the steel RISG tube（22%-28%） is better than steel spirally fluted tube, its flow resistance coefficient is only increased by 22% to 66% when compared with smooth tube. Based on a lot of experimental data, the steel spirally fluted tube and the steel RISG tube were applied in a low pressure preheater and an oil-cooler of some or other power plant respectively. The field testing results showed that their heat transfer coefficient with each types of enhancement heat transfer tubes were improved by 2.5% and 21%-45% comparing with copper smooth tube heat exchangers. Both basic and field experiment indicates that the steel tube with 2-side enhancement heat transfer is an ideal choice for heat exchanger reconstruction in no copper issue in power plants.

水平微肋管内R513A冷凝换热特性研究

采用实验方法研究了R513A在光管和不同齿密度微肋管内的冷凝换热性能,并通过对比冷凝换热系数实验值与关联式的预测值,探究了现有关联式对R513A的适用性,实验在冷凝温度33、35、38℃,质量流速50~150 kg/(m^(2)·s)的工况范围内进行。实验结果表明:冷凝换热系数随质量流速的增大而增大,在低质量流速区域,微肋管的冷凝换热系数增长幅度更大;随着齿密度的增加,管内换热面积增大,但管内表面张力作用增强,相应的流动阻力增强,强化传热作用被削弱;与R134a相比,微肋管对R513A的强化传热效果更优;对于光管,Bashar关联式的预测效果最佳,Cavallini关联式与Dobson关联式在低质量流速区域的预测误差偏大;对于微肋管,Yu关联式的预测效果最理想,Cavallini关联式与Kedzierski关联式均低估了管内冷凝换热特性。以Kedzierski关联式为基础,拟合了新的修正关联式,修正关联式的预测值与实验值的一致性较好,其平均绝对误差与标准差分别为7.8%、8.5%。

R134a及其混合物管外凝结换热特性的试验研究

针对制冷剂R134a及其与R125的混合物,在光管及强化管外的凝结换热特性进行了试验研究。研究表明:R134a在光管外凝结换热系数的变化与Nusselt理论解相吻合;与光管相比,强化管外凝结换热系数更高,当热流密度为25 kW/m^(2)时,R134a的强化倍率为15.27,而R134a/R125在R125占比分别为6%、12%、18%下的强化倍率分别是7.45、5.74、5.38,R417A的强化倍率为6.69。对于光管,含R125的R134a混合物凝结换热系数随热流密度的增大而减小;对于强化管,则随热流密度的增大而增大。

超临界甲烷新型螺旋槽管的设计及传热强化

提出以超临界甲烷为工质,利用螺旋槽管来达到强化换热目的.研究发现,与螺旋光管对比,对螺旋槽管的槽头数和螺旋角角度进行合理设计后,二次流强度得以增强,换热性能得到提高.

Experiment of Flow Regime Map and Local Condensing Heat Transfer Coefficients Inside Three Dimensional Inner Microfin Tubes

This paper developed a new type of three dimensional inner microfin tube. The experimental results of the flow patterns for the horizontal condensation inside these tubes are reported in the paper. The flow patterns for the horizontal condensation inside the new made tubes are divided into annular flow, stratified flow and intermittent flow within the test conditions. The experiments of the local heat transfer coefficients for the different flow patterns have been systematically carried out. The experiments of the local heat transfer coefficients changing with the vapor dryness fraction have also been carried out. As compared with the heat transfer coefficients of the two dimensional inner microfin tubes, those of the three dimensional inner microfin tubes increase 47-127% for the annular flow region, 38-183% for the stratified flow and 15-75% for the intermittent flow, respectively. The enhancement factor of the local heat transfer coefficients is from 1.8-6.9 for the vapor dryness fraction from 0.05 to 1.

异形凹槽螺旋槽管传热及流动阻力的实验研究

在螺旋槽管的基础上开发出一种新型强化管-异形凹槽螺旋槽管,对5根不同结构参数的异形凹槽螺旋槽管的换热特性和流体动力学特性进行了试验研究,实验时Re在8000~30000间,所有实验数据均在管外冷凝条件下获得的, 对大量实验数据用多元线性回归法得到了具有较高精度的异形凹槽螺旋槽管的传热系数及摩擦系数的统计关联式,分析了影响异形凹槽螺旋槽管传热与流阻性能的主要因素,为换热器的设计及改造提供了理论依据.

板式蒸发式冷凝器两相降膜流动CFD模拟及传热研究

建立了气-液两相流二维计算流体力学(CFD)模型,运用Fluent软件对板式蒸发式冷凝器板束中气-液两相的逆流、并流两种操作进行了模拟,直观地表征了板束中喷淋水流量、风速及风向对水膜流动的影响,并用水蒸气对两种操作进行了传热实验研究.模拟分析得出的结论与实验结果吻合甚好,表明空气与水并流比逆流更有利于利用液体薄膜强化传热的特性.

R22在水平双侧强化管外的凝结换热

An experimental study on R22 film condensation on single horizontal tubes(one smooth tube and two doubly enhanced ones) was conducted at the saturation temperatures of 32℃, 35℃ and 38℃ respectively. A modified Wi lson plot was used to obtain the water-side and vapor-side heat transfer coeff icients. The results indicated that the experimental condensation heat transfer coefficients agreed with the Nusselt theory with ±10%. The water side heat tr ansfer coefficients of tube No.1 and tube No.2 were 2.78 and 2.99 times of t hat of smooth tube, respectively. At the same heat flux the condensation heat t ransfer coefficients of tube No.1 and tube No.2 were 8.2—18.0 times and 8. 1—12.4 times of the smooth tube, respectively. Thermal resistance analysis sh owed that the relative percentage of vapor-side thermal resistance increased wi th water velocity. When the thermal resistance values of the two sides were equ al, the water velocity of tube No.1 was 1.25 m·s-1(Re=2.41×104) and that of No.2 was 0.82 m·s-1(Re=1.54×104).For all cases, th e wall thermal resistance was less than 4 percentage. The reasons accounting fo r the superiority of tube No.1 were analyzed.

水平管降膜蒸发器传热系数空间分布

为了得到水平管降膜蒸发器传热系数,建立了水平管降膜蒸发传热实验台。通过对实验结果的归纳,分析了水平管降膜蒸发器总传热系数随顶排管喷淋密度、蒸发温度的变化规律,并给出了总传热系数在水平管降膜蒸发器内部空间的分布。结果表明,总传热系数随喷淋密度、蒸发温度的增大而增大。在空间分布上,传热系数沿管长方向受凝结过程的影响前5m先增大,后3m逐渐减小;在垂直方向由上向下逐渐减小。另外传热系数随管排数的增加而降低,并且当喷淋密度较小时,总传热系数下降的趋势更明显。

水平微肋管内蒸发及冷凝换热性能研究

为了研究微肋管结构尺寸及工况等对管内流动蒸发及冷凝性能的影响,对3根管外径为9．52 mm和2根外径为7 mm的微肋管进行了蒸发及冷凝实验,所用工质为R22．所选工况为,45℃冷凝温度,30-45℃的入口过热度, 2℃的出口过冷度,7℃蒸发温度,15％-20％的入口干度,5-6℃的出口过热度,实验中质量流速变化范围为90-500 kgm-2s-1。获得了换热性能随质量流速的变化,讨论了微肋结构尺寸对蒸发换热和冷凝换热性能的影响。

凝结换热器采用螺旋槽管的强化传热研究

引言 螺旋槽管具有轧制方便、传热系数高且抗结垢能力强等优点,因而越来越多地应用于石油、化工、电力等工业部门中.纵观螺旋槽管强化传热的研究发现:螺旋槽管管内强化传热的研究和应用已趋成熟和完善.然而由于实际工作的困难,有关螺旋槽管管外凝结换热的研究尚待深入.为此,本文对螺旋槽管凝结换热器进行了试验研究。

螺旋槽管用于凝汽器强化传热的改造分析

介绍采用螺旋槽管作为凝汽器强化传热管的优点,对传热管的管外强化、管内强化、结垢情况等因素进行分析,用热耗率下降对凝汽器的改造效益进行综合经济评价,指出螺旋槽管对凝汽器的强化传热是可行的和经济的。

HFC245fa水平光管与强化管管束外冷凝换热

试验研究了新型环保工质HFC245fa在光管与强化换热管管束上的冷凝换热特性。试验管束由4列排深为5排的列管构成,换热管公称外径为19.05mm、有效换热长度为1000mm。试验中,通过改进的Wilson图解法获得强化换热管水侧对流传热系数,利用2接点温差电偶测试蒸气与冷却水温差(±0.025℃),利用热电偶通过小周期标定法获取试验管进出水温差(±0.01℃);考察了冷凝温度、热通量对冷凝换热的影响。研究结果表明:HFC245fa在光管单管外冷凝传热系数与Nusselt模型预测值一致性较好;同热通量下,强化换热管单管上的冷凝传热系数为光管的13.5倍;光管管束上的试验结果比Nusselt管束模型预测值高20%～50%;强化管冷凝换热性能受作用热通量的影响较大。试验结果对工质与新管材推广、应用具有指导意义。

R22和R417A在水平强化管外的凝结换热实验研究

用实验的方法研究了非共沸工质R417A在水平强化换热管管外的凝结换热性能,并与R22做了对比。试验管为两种强化换热管-斜翅管和矩翅管。结果表明:对于斜翅管,同等的壁面过冷度下,R417A的凝结换热系数大于R22的管外换热系数;对于矩翅管,同等的壁面过冷度下,R22的凝结换热系数大于R417A的凝结换热系数;在工质R417A下,两种强化管的凝结管外换热系数随壁面过冷度的变化率都比R22大,其原因应该与R417A作为一种非共沸制冷剂的温度滑移特性有关。从强化换热的角度考虑,对于表面张力较小的工质,选用斜翅管更有利。

扭曲椭圆管换热器技术进展及其应用

介绍了扭曲管换热器的结构特点、强化传热机理,总结了关于扭曲管换热器管程以及壳程流场的分析,同时介绍了相关分析方法和研究成果,同时从换热器设计制造的角度,对目前已有的扭曲管换热器管程、壳程传热计算公式进行了总结和分析,在扭曲椭圆管换热器目前研究状况的基础上,介绍了某厂采用扭曲椭圆管凝汽器的运行效果,结果表明:在一定情况下,扭曲管换热器的冷凝换热效果同样优于传统的折流板换热器,具有很好的推广应用前景。

钢质管型对蒸发式冷凝器传热的影响

蒸发式冷凝器是一种高效冷却散热设备,其传热性能目前还需要深入研究。在总结蒸发式冷凝器传热特点的基础上,提出了采用新的钢质弹形管、扭曲管和弹形-扭曲间断管强化传热的新结构,并测试了它们应用于蒸发式冷凝器的流动与传热性能,与传统的圆管和椭圆管进行了对比。研究结果表明,在冷却水喷淋密度为0.06kg·m-1s-1、管截面风速为3.4m·s-1时,椭圆管、弹形管、扭曲管和间断管比圆管总传热系数K分别高19.2%、24.4%、26.8%和31.2%。管内冷凝、管外水和空气的传热过程对总传热性能均有重要影响,弹形管可有效强化管外水膜与空气间的传热,同时降低空气流动压降;扭曲管可改善水膜分布,强化水膜传热,同时会增大空气流动压降;弹形-扭曲间断管可同时强化水膜、水膜与空气间的传热,略为减小空气流动压降。