Comparative study of electrostatic sensors with circular and probe electrodes for velocity measurement of pulverised coal

This paper presents recent progress on the velocity measurement of pulverised coal in pneumatic pipelines using electrostatic sensors in combination with correlation signal processing techniques.A comparative study of electrostatic sensors with circular and probe electrodes was conducted on a 94 mm bore horizontal pipeline in a 4 MW furnace.The advantages and limitations of both sensors are discussed.Experimental results demonstrate that both sensors are capable of providing pulverised coal velocity measurement with excellent repeatability and dynamic response.

Review of reflective fiber optic sensors for surface topography measurement

Different from the traditional contact surface topography measurement,reflective intensity-modulated fiber optic sensor(RIM-FOS)has the unique advantages of non-contact nondestructive detection.This paper briefly introduces the principle and performance of RIM-FOS for surface topography measurement and compares with several other methods of topography measurement.Based on the review of its development process,this paper summarizes and analyses the hot issues of RIM-FOS in the surface topography measurement,then predicts the future trend for a guidance of the further study.

Coordinate unification method of high-precision composite measurement in two dimensions

Multi-sensor coordinate unification in dimensional metrology is used in order to get holistic, more accurate and reliable information about a workpiece based on several or multiple measurement values from one or more sensors. Because of the problem that standard ball is deficient as a standard artifact in the coordinate unification of high-precision composite measurement in two dimensions （2D） , a new method is proposed in this paper which uses angle gauge blocks as standard artifacts to achieve coordinate unification between the image sensor and the tactile probe. By comparing the standard ball with the angle gauge block as a standard artifact, theoretical analysis and experimental results are given to prove that it is more precise and more convenient to use angle gauge blocks as standard artifacts to achieve coordinate unification of high-precision composite measurement in two dimensions.

New Optical Fiber Pressure Sensor with Reflection Capsule

The ratio measurement by means of the sensing optical fiber and the reference fiber with different beginning positions, and the technique to improve the stability of the sensor are first described. Then the ability to restrain and compensate the interference of the same nature through the double channel ratio measurement is illustrated. Finally, the performance of sensor and its engineering design are discussed.

Development of MEMS-based micro capacitive tactile probe

In this paper, a micro capacitive sensor with nanometer resolution is presented for ultra-precision measurement of micro components, which is fabricated by the MEMS （micro electromechanical systems） non-silicon technique. Based on the sensor, a micro capacitive tactile probe is constructed by stylus assembly and packaging design for dimension metrology on micro/nano scale, in which a data acquiring system is developed with AD7747. Some measurements of the micro capacitive tactile probe are performed on a nano positioning and measuring machine （NMM）. The measurement results show good linearity and hysteresis with a range of 11.6 μm and resolution of better than 5 nm. Hence, the micro capacitive tactile probe can be integrated on NMM to realize measurement of micro structures with nanometer accuracy.

A comprehensive survey on the methods of angle of attack measurement and estimation in UAVs

Angle of Attack(AOA) is a crucial parameter which directly affects the aerodynamic forces of an aircraft.The measurement of AOA is required to ensure a safe flight within its designed flight envelop.This paper intends to summarise a comprehensive survey on the measurement techniques and estimation methods for AOA, specifically in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) applications.In the case of UAVs, weight constraint plays a major role as far as sensor suites are concerned.This results in selecting a suitable estimation method to extract AOA using the available data from the autopilot.The most feasible and widely employed AOA measurement technique is by using the Multi-Hole Probes(MHPs).The MHP measures the AOA regarding the pressure variations between the ports.Due to the importance of MHP in AOA measurement, the calibration methods for the MHP are also included in this paper.This paper discusses the AOA measurement using virtual AOA sensors, their importance and the operation.

Electrochemical measurements used for assessment of corrosion and protection of metallic materials in the field:A critical review

Corrosion degradation is detrimental to metal structures as it shortens their lifetime and leads to huge economic losses and unexpected disasters.Therefore,the detection and monitoring of corrosion degradation is of great importance.Herein,we briefly review the state-of-the-art electrochemical methods,instrumentation(based on virtual instrumentation),and advanced sensor/probes that are used in the field for the assessment of corrosion damage.Typical corrosion monitoring results,some of which have been obtained at Tianjin University in the past 30 years,for metallic materials and organic coating/metal systems in atmospheric,marine,and soil conditions in the field are presented.Detection methods,data analysis,and theoretical and mathematical models regarding each corrosion system are discussed,and the challenges,problems and possible solutions for each case are suggested.Lastly,future developments,such as wireless,intelligent,and automatic electrochemical measurement,that will augment the present electrochemical methods of evaluating corrosion degradation are summarized.

电导探针向量信号处理的泡状流参数分析

泡状流广泛存在于化工、石油、电力等工业场合,对其主要参数的测量不仅是工程设计的必须参考,也是进一步开发两相流理论模型的依据。文章提出并制作了小型四电极电导探针测量空气-水盖泡状流,可以获得局部含气率、界面面积浓度和气泡弦长,且通过已知或合理假设的界面运动方向可获得界面的指向和速度,并通过实验对比四电极电导探针和可视化两种测量方法。结果表明:两种方法具有良好的一致性,四电极电导探针简单、高效,可以准确地测量泡状流中相界面指向等参数,还能有效地解决多维两相流参数测量问题。

火炮弹丸捷联式地磁—太阳方位姿态测量模型研究

为了测试火炮弹丸飞行姿态 ,采用捷联式地磁—太阳方位传感器 ,利用地磁场和太阳方位作为参照物 ,解算弹丸飞行姿态。本文给出了解算弹丸姿态的数学模型和测试方法以及解算所应满足的条件 ,提供了对高过载、高转速弹丸姿态测试的有效方法。

塑性成形过程摩擦测试的研究进展

摩擦是影响金属塑性成形及其过程有限元模拟的重要因素 ,因此有必要对其测试方法进行研究。本文介绍塑性成形过程摩擦测试研究方法和测试技术的研究现状与进展 ,并对模拟试验法和直接测量法各自的特点进行了分析。作者设计出一种新型的探针传感器 ,开发出了铝合金板料温成形过程摩擦在线检测系统 ,并对铝合金板(5 182 )圆筒形件温成形过程进行了摩擦测试。

ns级脉冲磁场传感器的研制

变电站内存在具有ns级上升沿且幅值较高、频带较宽的快速瞬态电磁脉冲,以辐射和传导的方式干扰保护与控制等二次设备。为了评估变电站内电磁干扰及防护措施对干扰抑制效果的问题,基于法拉第电磁感应定律,研制了一套可用于测量高幅值、宽频带磁脉冲的ns级脉冲磁场传感器,并分析了其基本原理、幅频特性、灵敏度、方波磁场的幅值响应和测量干扰,阐述了其设计原则及应注意的问题。通过模拟电磁脉冲对其标定与测试,结果表明,此传感器的灵敏度为703.42V/T,频带为400kHz～100MHz,满足变电站内瞬态脉冲磁场测量的要求。

应用双头电导探针技术测量气液两相泡状流局部参数

本文研究应用双头电导探针技术测量气泡局部参数，从而揭示了气液两相泡状流的内部流动规律。成功地设计了一种能够快速可靠测量气泡局部统计参数，包括空隙率、气泡速度、气泡尺寸、界面浓度等的电导探针系统。发现探针尖部的导通距离、沿流动方向两探针间的距离和两个探针针尖的间隙是设计电导探针的关键尺寸。

用于多传感器坐标测量机探测误差评价的薄环规标准器

设计了一种薄环规标准器,用于配有光学影像测头和接触式测头的多传感器坐标测量机的探测误差评价。该标准器兼有环规和二维平面标准圆的特征,孔的有效部分厚度为0.1 mm,圆度为0.5μm,可以满足大多数坐标测量机的校准需求,避免了普通标准器如标准球、环规对影像测头测量成像的影响。该标准器同时适用于接触式测头测量,锥孔结构保证了标准器的稳定性,用于接触式测量时,不会引起变形。利用设计的薄环规标准器实现了配有光学影像测头和接触式测头组合测量系统的探测误差评价,结果表明该标准器有效解决了上述组合系统探测误差的校准问题。参照ISO10360-9标准,给出了多传感器组合测量系统的探测误差、尺寸测量误差以及位置误差,并利用坐标变换方法修正了位置误差,优化了系统参数。

基于磁通门技术的方位传感器设计

磁通门技术是一种非电量磁测法 ,它利用由高磁导率、低矫顽力的软磁材料作成的铁芯在激磁作用下 ,感应线圈出现随环境磁场强度而变的偶次谐波分量电势的特征 ,然后通过高性能的滤波器测量偶次谐波分量。文中介绍了以磁通门技术为工作原理的方位传感器设计 ,主要包括磁通门的工作原理、铁芯的热处理工艺。

磁通门技术在检测中的应用

磁通门技术是一种非电量磁测法，它提供了一种在常规检测技术下难于实现的特殊检测途径。文中详细介绍了磁通门技术的基本原理、特点以及在导航、医学及工程检测方面的应用。

提高嵌入式时栅传感器精度的测头设计方法

为了提高嵌入式时栅传感器的测量精度,结合传感器自身的特点,从布置方式和数据处理方式两方面设计了特殊的测头结构。首先利用谐波分析确定传感器误差的主要频次,然后分别针对长短周期的误差采用多组测头对径和间隔特定空间角度的测头布置方式,测头之间采用数字量相加的数据处理方式,最后通过实验验证了这种测头结构和数据处理方式的有效性。结果表明,与单测头结构相比,这种方式将长周期误差降低了75%,短周期误差降低了83.6%,更有效地提高了嵌入式时栅传感器的测量精度。

多传感器测量系统的联合标定

将坐标测量机与单目视觉测量系统组合起来,提出了一种触发式测头与视觉测头联合标定的方法。选用内孔径为4mm的光面环规作为标定件,并利用转台、精密滑台配合视觉系统进行环规成像面的调整;然后,利用视觉测量系统提取环规内孔圆心图像坐标,包括设置图像的感兴趣区(ROI)、二值化、形态学去噪、亚像素边缘检测和利用最小二乘法提取圆心的图像坐标。通过拟合内孔圆柱面找到轴线,并利用接触传感系统提取相同位置圆心仪器坐标下坐标;最后,采用最小二乘法求解相关方程,完成联合标定。试验验证显示,该标定方法的标定精度高于6μm,优于已有的标定方法,能够满足测量系统联合测量的精度需要。

磁通门罗盘的设计

介绍以磁通门技术为工作原理的磁通门罗盘的设计方案 ,主要包括磁通门的工作原理、铁芯的热处理工艺。

用于尺寸测量的气针式传感器初探

论述了一种新型气动传感器——气针式传感器的静特性。气针式传感器的研制将使气动测量技术用于高精度测量场合成为可能。该传感器的测量范围为±１０μｍ，整个测量系统精度可达±０．０９μｍ．对系统经过进一步完善后，预计测量精度可达±０．０５μｍ．

MEMS电容式三维微触觉测头设计及校准

由于微纳米几何量计量很难以三维方式高精度地测量较大尺寸的器件,本文基于非硅MEMS工艺,开发了一种可用于微纳米尺度三维尺寸测量的电容式微触觉测头。利用电容频率测量法实现了微弱电容信号的采集。采用宏微结合驱动方式,设计了运动范围为25mm×25mm×10mm,单轴12μm范围内定位精度达1nm的三维微位移平台。最后,对测头的测量范围、线性、迟滞及分辨力进行了测试。结果表明,测头的轴向测量范围为4.5μm,横向测量范围大于5μm,轴向分辨力优于10nm,横向分辨力优于25nm,线性较好。开发的测头结构简单、分辨力高、体积小、成本低,可集成到纳米测量定位平台(NMM),完成具有大范围、亚微米或纳米级精度要求的测量任务。