Problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response theory:State of mind and coping styles of depressed mothers after cesarean delivery

BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.

MODELING METHOD FOR PRODUCT STRUCTURE MAPPING BASED ON REVERSE SOLVING OF LOCUS AND MOTION

Aiming at the problem of structure design in reverse-design of mechanism, a structure mapping method based on reverse solving of locus and motion （RSLM） is presented. The mechanism scheme meeting the requirements of geometric and structural features is obtained through RSLM. The element instance subsets related to component are established based on the element type mapping, pair structure type mapping and design knowledge mapping between components and elements layer by layer. The assembly position mapping of elements is established based on the topological structure information of mechanism scheme, and the product modeling of structure mapping is realized. The algorithm program and prototype system of product structure mapping based on RSLM are developed. Application samples show that the method implements the integration of scheme design, assembly design and structure design, and modeling for product structure mapping based on RSLM. The feasibility of assembly is analyzed in scheme design that contributes to reducing the design error, and raising the design efficiency and quality.

Uncertain optimal model and solving method to platform scheduling problem in battlefield

The platform scheduling problem in battlefield is one of the important problems in military operational research.It needs to minimize mission completing time and meanwhile maximize the mission completing accuracy with a limited number of platforms.Though the traditional certain models obtain some good results,uncertain model is still needed to be introduced since the battlefield environment is complex and unstable.An uncertain model is prposed for the platform scheduling problem.Related parameters in this model are set to be fuzzy or stochastic.Due to the inherent disadvantage of the solving methods for traditional models,a new method is proposed to solve the uncertain model.Finally,the practicability and availability of the proposed method are demonstrated with a case of joint campaign.

Effect of Solving Models on Euler Vectors

In the process of solving Euler vectors based on GNSS horizontal movement field,the number of estimated parameters can affect Euler vector results. This issue is analyzed through theoretical deduction and practical example in this paper. Firstly,the difference between the results of Euler vectors in different solving models is deduced. Meanwhile, based on GNSS horizontal movement field in the Chinese mainland from 2004 to 2007,two common models( RRM and REHSM) are used to discuss the impact of solving models on Euler vectors and the follow-up study. The result shows that the maximum value of the difference in a block's entire rotation can reach 2. 6mm /a,and should not be ignored. Therefore,the results of horizontal movement are different using different kinematic block models,and this should be paid more attention in the analysis of crustal horizontal movement.

Integration of axiomatic design and theory of inventive problem solving for conceptual design

Axiomatic design (AD) and theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ) are widely used in conceptual design. Both of them have limitations, however. We presented an integrated model of these two methods to increase the efficiency and quality of the problem solving process for conceptual design. AD is used for systematically defining and structuring a problem into a hierarchy. Sometimes, the design matrix is coupled in AD which indicates the functional requirements are coupled. TRIZ separation principles can be used to separate non-independent design parameters, which provide innovative solutions at each hierarchical level. We applied the integrated model to the heating and drying equipment of bitumen reproduction device. The result verifies that the integrated model can work very well in conceptual design.

Kinematic Characteristics Analysis and Parametric Solving of Snow Melting Agent Throwing Mechanism with Variable Crank Length

Variable crank length cam⁃linkage mechanism has attracted much attention due to its compact overall structure when realizing complex motion laws.According to the special trajectory requirements,the kinematic characteristics and parameters of the mechanism have been analyzed and solved,which lays foundation for the implementation of the variable crank length snow melting agent throwing mechanism designed in this paper.Based on the trajectory equation of the point,the mathematical model of the throwing mechanism was established,and the theoretical trajectory of the end point of the throwing mechanism was obtained by programming.The parametric modeling and trajectory drawing were carried out by computer aided three⁃dimensional interactive application(CATIA),and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by comparison.The regional trajectory distribution characteristics of the end points of the throwing mechanism were studied by using the trajectory region location method,and the influence of various parameters on the trajectory was investigated by using the numerical cycle comparison method.The human⁃computer interaction system of snow melting agent throwing mechanism with variable crank length was constructed by using Microsoft Visual Basic(VB)software.Based on the restriction conditions,the optimum combination of structural adjustment parameters and operational parameters suitable for Harbin first⁃class roads was obtained by using orthogonal test table,which provides an effective method to solve the parameters of the variable crank length cam mechanism with smooth impulse trajectory.

Thinking Fast and Slow in Computer Problem Solving

Research in spreadsheet management proved that the overuse of slow thinking, rather than fast thinking, is the primary source of erroneous end-user computing. However, we found that the reality is not that simple. To view end-user computing in its full complexity, we launched a project to investigate end-user education, training, support, activities, and computer problem solving. In this project we also set up the base and mathability-extended typology of computer problem solving approaches, where quantitative values are assigned to the different problem solving methods and activities. In this paper we present the results of our analyses of teaching materials collected in different languages from all over the world and our findings considering the different problem solving approaches, set in the frame of different thinking modes, the characteristics of expert teachers, and the meaning system model of teaching approaches. Based on our research, we argue that the proportions of fast and slow thinking and most importantly their manifestation are responsible for erroneous end-user activities. Applying the five-point mathability scale of computer problem solving, we recognized slow thinking activities on both tails and one fast thinking approach between them. The low mathability slow thinking activities, where surface navigation and language details are focused on, are widely accepted in end-user computing. The high mathability slow thinking problem solving activities, where the utilization of concept based approaches and schema construction take place, is hardly detectable in end-user activities. Instead of building up knowledge which requires slow thinking and then using the tools with fast thinking, end-users use up their slow thinking in aimless wandering in huge programs, making wrong decisions based on their untrained, clueless intuition, and distributing erroneous end-user documents. We also found that the dominance of low mathability slow thinking activities has its roots in the education system and through this we point out that we are in great need of expert teachers and institutions and their widely accepted approaches and methods.

基于SolVES模型的东湖风景区社会价值评估及提升策略

城市湖泊型风景区具有良好的生态系统服务社会价值,是城市规划关注的热点。对当前的城市湖泊型风景区,少有从生态系统服务社会价值方面进行评估和研究。以武汉东湖风景区为例,通过SolVES模型对其生态系统服务社会价值及其影响因素进行评估,结果表明:游客对武汉东湖风景区美学价值、生命可持续价值、生物多样性价值、科研教育价值和康养价值评价较高;美学价值、康养价值和科研教育价值主要集中在磨山、听涛及落雁景区的主要旅游景点,生物多样性和生命可持续价值在各景区广泛分布;水体、植被覆盖度、公共设施、旅游景点、科教文化设施、交通设施的建设会影响游客对社会价值的偏好。根据研究结果对武汉东湖风景区生态系统服务社会价值提出了提升策略。

Solution model of nonlinear integral adjustment including different kinds of observing data with different precisions

In order to process different kinds of observing data with different precisions, a new solution model of nonlinear dynamic integral least squares adjustment was put forward, which is not dependent on their derivatives. The partial derivative of each component in the target function is not computed while iteratively solving the problem. Especially when the nonlinear target function is more complex and very difficult to solve the problem, the method can greatly reduce the computing load.

基于SolVES模型的公园生态系统服务社会价值评估——以湖南烈士公园为例

人类活动对生态系统不同服务的多样化需求日益增加,传统的生态系统服务价值评估多以经济学方法为主,较少关注其社会属性与空间异质性。选取湖南烈士公园为研究对象,应用SolVES模型评估了公园社会价值及其影响因素,结果表明:受访者对公园内历史、娱乐、美学、文化以及康体疗养价值显示较为显著的偏好;美学价值高点在水域附近较为集中,文化价值高点集中在文化底蕴深厚的区域,高娱乐价值集中在具有游乐设施以及互动性较强的区域,视野开阔的硬质铺装区域有高康体疗养价值的分布;道路、水体、步行路径、广场平台等环境指标的布局会影响受访者对不同社会价值的偏好程度。SolVES模型在评估中小尺度生态系统服务社会价值方面具有较好的可行性。

DBL视域下的儿童编程教学模式及其效果验证:一项基于设计的研究

基于设计的学习(Design-Based Learning,DBL)起源于学习科学领域,强调迭代设计与开发,与儿童编程教学的契合度较高,可为儿童编程教学模式的革新与学生问题解决能力的提升提供依据。基于此,文章首先构建了DBL视域下的儿童编程教学模式雏形,随后运用基于设计的研究方法进行两轮迭代实验,对模式雏形进行优化后得到DBL视域下的儿童编程教学模式。最后,文章利用准实验研究法检验此模式的有效性,结果表明:DBL视域下的儿童编程教学效果优于传统编程教学,且DBL视域下的儿童编程教学与传统编程教学在提升学生问题解决能力方面存在显著差异;DBL视域下的儿童编程教学模式有助于学生形成问题解决思路并学会反思,在教学实践中展现出了良好的适应性。文章以设计为主线,助推儿童编程教学模式革新,可为有效提升儿童的问题解决能力提供有价值的理论指导和实践参考。

一种光伏组件5参数模型参数求解算法

针对目前牛顿-拉夫逊法在求解光伏组件5参数模型特征参数时存在的雅克比矩阵奇异化和参数漂移问题,本文运用Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法求解光伏组件5参数模型参数。结合目前两种常用组件实测数据的算例分析,验证了本文所提出的LM方法对不同类型组件具有精度高、收敛速度快、实用性强等优点。

应用图论建模输电网的电力现货市场出清模型

电力现货市场优化出清模型的难点是考虑安全约束的机组组合(security constrained unit commitment,SCUC)模型。构建一个好的SCUC模型以提升求解速度是长期以来的研究热点。随着省电力系统规模的不断发展,以及国内省间电力现货市场的运行,现货市场对于出清模型的求解效率需求更为突出。该文对机组组合模型的研究历程进行详细综述,总结提出机组运行出力约束、出力上限约束、爬坡约束强化建模的机组运行模型;基于图论在线性最优潮流计算中的应用,构建输电网的环流潮流计算模型并引入SCUC模型,最终构建了一套可进一步提升求解效率的电力现货市场出清模型。最后通过多个大规模算例的计算分析表明,所提模型在保证不损失求解精度的同时,可有效提升求解效率,且对于阻塞频发的电力系统,优越性更为明显。

基于社会-生态耦合视角的城市边缘区生境服务评估与分区

城市边缘区是城市和乡村交接的社会-生态脆弱区,科学评估其生境服务,对于生物多样性保护与地区可持续发展具有重要意义。在生境服务评估中将社会和生态视角进行整合,有利于制订具有接受度和包容性的保护与管理策略。以上海市青浦区为例,基于社会-生态耦合视角构建“生境质量-生境感知”的生境服务评估框架,综合InVEST模型和SolVES模型开展评估,采用耦合协调度模型分析生境质量和生境感知的耦合协调关系,利用地理探测器探究协调空间分异的影响因素,并进行生境服务分区。结果表明:(1)研究区生境质量整体处于较低水平,空间分布呈“西高东低”格局;生境感知空间分布则多临近水系呈“条带状”格局。(2)生境质量与生境感知的耦合协调程度为轻度失调,且失调单元较多。(3)社会经济因素为耦合协调空间分异的主要影响因素,且多与景观格局因素共同作用。(4)基于生境质量和生境感知的匹配与耦合协调关系,可将研究区划分为4大类、12小类生境服务区,以进行针对性保护与管理。研究结果可为促进人与自然和谐共生的生境综合保护提供参考依据。

基于问题解决模式的护理干预结合情绪释放法对妊娠期糖尿病患者代谢营养、疾病感知及妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨基于问题解决模式的护理干预结合情绪释放法在妊娠期糖尿病中的应用效果。方法选取2019年2月至2022年2月收治的120例妊娠期糖尿病患者为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各60例。对照组施以常规护理干预,观察组在此基础上实施基于问题解决模式的护理干预结合情绪释放法。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,观察组的空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的简化疾病感知量表(BIPQ)各维度评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的母婴不良结局总发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于问题解决模式的护理干预结合情绪释放法有助于改善妊娠期糖尿病患者代谢营养,提高疾病感知程度,也能促进妊娠结局改善,值得推广。

基于目标机动噪声的末制导弹命中概率模型

末制导火箭弹对机动目标打击过程中,火控系统对机动目标的解算及命中概率是值得关注的问题。用射表拟合函数与目标运动方程联立建立解命中模型,并采用弦截法迭代求解。用离散的短时状态转移方程推导出长时期状态转移方程,从中分离出各短时间段内的高斯白噪声的累积和作为长期预测的概率模型。针对不同机动模型,用历史采样数据估计概率模型中白噪声的方差,从而可确定模型整体方差,并根据火箭弹飞行时间及末制导弹制导范围可计算命中概率。对CV模型、CT模型、CA模型和singer模型进行了解命中和概率计算,通过仿真验证了概率模型的准确性。

基于多目标进化算法的高速公路线路选线优化设计研究

随着经济社会的发展,我国交通网络建设布局不断完善。在高速公路规划建设中,面对复杂的线路布设条件及影响因素,如何选出最优的路线设计成为亟待解决的难题。研究了在考虑高速公路建设费用、生态损失费用和交通安全等因素的基础上,构建高速公路线路选线优化模型,通过左右拥挤度指标和动态拥挤度排序改进非支配排序遗传算法(Non-dominated Sorting Genetic AlgorithmⅡ,NSGA-Ⅱ),利用改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法对该模型进行求解。结果表明,改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法的世代距离值和空间评价值最低分别是0.0254和0.2312,具有较好的分布性和收敛性能。在对具体高速公路线路选线优化中,该方法所需建设费用最低接近3亿元,并且所得线路与地形的匹配度可达80%以上。说明研究提出的方法能够对高速公路线路进行有效优化,可以为同类高速公路选线优化提供参考。

多无人机协同任务规划方法研究综述

随着通信技术的发展,未来多无人机系统将会朝向集群化、自主化和智能化方向发展。通过单元间的信息融合和能力互补,多无人机系统可以打破自身能力壁垒,形成多样化的任务能力。任务规划是多无人机系统协同应用的顶层设计,属于带约束的组合优化问题,是在任务需求、单元能力和环境态势的影响下,优化求解获得满足要求的、优化的任务执行方案。从问题表征建模和方案求解评估两个角度梳理现有研究,从场景分析、任务分配和航迹规划3个方面总结问题表征建模部分的研究,从求解算法和效能评估两个方面总结方案求解评估部分的研究。最后,分析未来无人机任务规划研究中值得关注的若干方向。

项目式学习中学生合作问题解决能力模型的建构和意义

合作问题解决能力是现代公民的必备能力,对学生的未来发展具有重要意义。国内外对合作问题解决能力日益关注,但在理论建构和培养方面的研究尚显不足。项目式学习具有培养学生合作问题解决能力的潜质,但目前对于项目式学习中需要什么样的合作问题解决能力尚不清楚。本研究建构的项目式学习中合作问题解决能力模型将问题解决过程分为对项目意义的理解和问题提出、项目拆解与总体规划、项目具体计划和执行、项目成果梳理与汇报四个阶段,将合作问题解决能力概括为合作意愿、个人贡献、团队协作、合作问题解决成果四个要素,明确了学生能力典型表现,为在项目式学习中培养学生的合作问题解决能力提供了参考框架。

基于关系的函数题目自动解析和解答方法

关系表示作为数学题目解答的基本问题而广受关注,而对于含有函数的题目解答,由于函数关系本身的复杂性以及表达方式的多样性,使得该问题超出了现有解题范围,为解答提出了新的挑战。针对这一问题,提出一种基于关系的自动解析和解答算法。扩展关系表示方式使其满足函数关系表示与计算的需要;通过改进句法语义模型和提出图形关系模式分别从文字和图形中提取关系;根据函数的模型化定义识别和提取函数关系;利用函数关系与数量关系进行等量代入,消除参数得到解答结果。对采集的数据集进行验证,与基于框架的基线方法相比较,该算法能够获得较好的结果,有效完成了83%的题目理解和66%的正确解答率。