Unbalanced development in term as industrial structure and the efficiency use of energy have aggravated environmental pollution to different degrees resulting in the increase of range, time and degree of fog-haze. Thi...Unbalanced development in term as industrial structure and the efficiency use of energy have aggravated environmental pollution to different degrees resulting in the increase of range, time and degree of fog-haze. This, in turn, forced the government to carry out supply-side reforms, to improve energy efficiency and optimize the industrial structure to weaken the environmental pollution. To tackle these problems, this work provides an index system for the issues related to fog-haze, uses a non-linear ST-SVAR model to reflect the effects of industrial structure and energy use efficiency on fog-haze. Results indicated that: First, current industrial structure and energy use efficiency have greater impact on the comprehensive equation of fog-haze risk than itself. With the passage of time, this influence is still gradually expanding. Second, the equations of industrial structure and energy use efficiency are strongly influenced by themselves, and other variables as the current period have less impact on them. Finally, the non-linear or asymmetric relationship is shown among industrial structure, energy use efficiency, and the fog-haze comprehensive risk equation.展开更多
Since China broke the blockade and opened the country to the outside world, many township enterprises develop quickly. Together with the pollution caused by China’s coal-burning as the main source of national energy,...Since China broke the blockade and opened the country to the outside world, many township enterprises develop quickly. Together with the pollution caused by China’s coal-burning as the main source of national energy, the pollution caused by small and medium-sized enterprises in towns and villages due to their small investment, low technology level and weak environmental awareness, and the pollution caused by a sharp increase in motor vehicle emissions lead to the fact that fog-haze has been rampant in China’s cities and urban agglomerations for nearly two decades, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. This paper sorted out the current situation of fog-haze and analyzed the causes of fog-haze from the two aspects of natural and man-made causes, discussed the harms of fog-haze to human body, environment and life, and put forward the concrete measures to solve the fog-haze problem.展开更多
Characteristics and cause of the fog-haze event in East China in January 2013 were analyzed with the meteorological conventional observation data and atmospheric composition observation data. Results showed that fog o...Characteristics and cause of the fog-haze event in East China in January 2013 were analyzed with the meteorological conventional observation data and atmospheric composition observation data. Results showed that fog or haze days in east area of Southwest China and most areas of central east China were more than 20 days in this month, especially in east of North China, Huanghuai and Jianghuai regions,that were 10 -15 days more than in the same period of normal years. 500 hPa circulation presented zonal type, cold air wasn＇t active, south-branch trough was weaker, and precipitation amounts was small, which was the weather background of the extreme fog and haze. Northwest airflow at upper layer of East Asia mid-high latitude,less cloud,ground temperature reduction at night, and warm dry air coverd at 850 hPa that led to temperature inversion near surface layer,which was the key thermal factor of fog and haze formation. High humidity near the ground ,weak horizontal wind speed, and weak ascending motion ,which were not favorable for horizontal diffusion and vertical exchange of water vapor and pollutant but were the dynamic factors of maintaining fog and haze. Whether there was a water vapor saturated layer performance in relative humidity /〉90% below 925 hPa or not can be looked as a basis of distinguishing between fog and haze.展开更多
The energy-intensive industrial economy results in frequent Fog-Haze weather which increases the risk of influenza spread and brings new challenges for the prevention and control of influenza.Therefore,the study of sp...The energy-intensive industrial economy results in frequent Fog-Haze weather which increases the risk of influenza spread and brings new challenges for the prevention and control of influenza.Therefore,the study of spread mechanics and controlling strategies of influenza based on Fog-Haze will be scientifically meaningful.Considering that when the concentration of Fog-Haze is low,Fog-Haze contributes to the number of infectious individuals and Fog-Haze suppresses the transmission of the influenza virus when the concentration of Fog-Haze is high,we establish the Fog-Haze dynamics model.Then we prove the global existence and boundedness of the solution,and the global asymptotic stability of the solution is given by constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional.Under the Fog-Haze weather,we study the inffuenza virus transmission model that incorporates the incidence rate to reflect the Fog-Haze-dependent saturation effect and investigate the effect of Fog-Haze pollution on the transmission of influenza.We show that the basic reproduction number R_(0) determines the global dynamics of the system:if R_(0)<1,the disease-free equilibrium is global asymptotically stable;the unique endemic equilibrium is global asymptotically stable if R_(0)>1.Simulations are carried out to validate the theoretical results.Our study provides further understanding of the dynamics of Fog-Haze and the effect of Fog-Haze pollution on the transmission of influenza.展开更多
With the rapid development of industrialisation and urbanisation, China is facing the challenge of severe HF (Haze-Fog) pollution. This essay compares the advantages and disadvantages of China’s HF management and sum...With the rapid development of industrialisation and urbanisation, China is facing the challenge of severe HF (Haze-Fog) pollution. This essay compares the advantages and disadvantages of China’s HF management and summarizes the important lessons China can teach the rest of the world about applying this tactic. China’s capabilities in the digital economy, National Innovation Demonstration Zones, and urban innovation systems are examined in this article, along with its shortcomings in information mechanisms and pollution sources. This essay also summarizes China’s achievements, particularly regarding local autonomy. The essay goes on to say, however, that China is probably going to be under more pressure to manage HF in the future, both in terms of long-term solutions and the economy.展开更多
雾和霾是危害人类健康和影响社会经济发展的灾害天气,精细化的实况资料能够在雾和霾的防治中发挥重要作用。利用2017年12月1日至2020年11月30日天津及其周边地区国家气象观测站资料、Himawari-8卫星L1级全圆盘观测数据和L3级气溶胶光学...雾和霾是危害人类健康和影响社会经济发展的灾害天气,精细化的实况资料能够在雾和霾的防治中发挥重要作用。利用2017年12月1日至2020年11月30日天津及其周边地区国家气象观测站资料、Himawari-8卫星L1级全圆盘观测数据和L3级气溶胶光学厚度产品,分析了中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(CMA Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS)能见度和相对湿度融合实况分析产品判识天津地区雾、轻雾和霾的准确性。结果表明:与台站资料相比,CLDAS产品对轻雾、雾和霾的平均检出率分别为90.4%、84.2%和78.8%;CLDAS产品对轻雾的逐月检出率为81.1%~96.4%,雾和霾出现较多的月份,其检出率均在80.0%左右。个例分析表明CLDAS产品判识的雾、轻雾和霾与台站观测结果以及Himawari-8卫星反演检测结果基本一致。CLDAS产品未正确判识雾、轻雾和霾的情况主要表现为雾误判为轻雾(各站为3.8%~21.4%)和霾漏判(各站为8.6%~25.0%)。当台站水平能见度在区间[0,0.75 km)时,CLDAS能见度的误差主要导致雾误判为轻雾;在区间[0.75,7.5 km)时,CLDAS能见度的误差主要导致霾漏判;在区间[7.5,15 km)时,CLDAS能见度的误差主要导致轻雾和霾空报。当台站相对湿度大于40%且小于等于60%时,CLDAS相对湿度的误差主要导致霾误判为轻雾。总体而言,CLDAS产品对天津地区雾、轻雾和霾的判识准确性较好,能够为雾、轻雾和霾的精细化监测提供参考,改善雾和霾监测中能见度观测站点稀少、空间覆盖不足的现状。展开更多
文摘Unbalanced development in term as industrial structure and the efficiency use of energy have aggravated environmental pollution to different degrees resulting in the increase of range, time and degree of fog-haze. This, in turn, forced the government to carry out supply-side reforms, to improve energy efficiency and optimize the industrial structure to weaken the environmental pollution. To tackle these problems, this work provides an index system for the issues related to fog-haze, uses a non-linear ST-SVAR model to reflect the effects of industrial structure and energy use efficiency on fog-haze. Results indicated that: First, current industrial structure and energy use efficiency have greater impact on the comprehensive equation of fog-haze risk than itself. With the passage of time, this influence is still gradually expanding. Second, the equations of industrial structure and energy use efficiency are strongly influenced by themselves, and other variables as the current period have less impact on them. Finally, the non-linear or asymmetric relationship is shown among industrial structure, energy use efficiency, and the fog-haze comprehensive risk equation.
文摘Since China broke the blockade and opened the country to the outside world, many township enterprises develop quickly. Together with the pollution caused by China’s coal-burning as the main source of national energy, the pollution caused by small and medium-sized enterprises in towns and villages due to their small investment, low technology level and weak environmental awareness, and the pollution caused by a sharp increase in motor vehicle emissions lead to the fact that fog-haze has been rampant in China’s cities and urban agglomerations for nearly two decades, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. This paper sorted out the current situation of fog-haze and analyzed the causes of fog-haze from the two aspects of natural and man-made causes, discussed the harms of fog-haze to human body, environment and life, and put forward the concrete measures to solve the fog-haze problem.
基金Supported by Special Item of Public Welfare Industry(Meteorology) Science Research,China(GYHY201306015)National Science and Technology Support Plan Item,China(2014BAC16B02)
文摘Characteristics and cause of the fog-haze event in East China in January 2013 were analyzed with the meteorological conventional observation data and atmospheric composition observation data. Results showed that fog or haze days in east area of Southwest China and most areas of central east China were more than 20 days in this month, especially in east of North China, Huanghuai and Jianghuai regions,that were 10 -15 days more than in the same period of normal years. 500 hPa circulation presented zonal type, cold air wasn＇t active, south-branch trough was weaker, and precipitation amounts was small, which was the weather background of the extreme fog and haze. Northwest airflow at upper layer of East Asia mid-high latitude,less cloud,ground temperature reduction at night, and warm dry air coverd at 850 hPa that led to temperature inversion near surface layer,which was the key thermal factor of fog and haze formation. High humidity near the ground ,weak horizontal wind speed, and weak ascending motion ,which were not favorable for horizontal diffusion and vertical exchange of water vapor and pollutant but were the dynamic factors of maintaining fog and haze. Whether there was a water vapor saturated layer performance in relative humidity /〉90% below 925 hPa or not can be looked as a basis of distinguishing between fog and haze.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12171291,11601291,61873154)the Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province (20200001)+5 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (20210302124018)the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (HGKY2019004)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs (STIP)of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (2019L0082)the Program for the Outstanding Innovative Teams (OIT)of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxithe Simons Foundation-Mathematics and Physical Sciences (523360)the 1331 Engineering Project of Shanxi Province.
文摘The energy-intensive industrial economy results in frequent Fog-Haze weather which increases the risk of influenza spread and brings new challenges for the prevention and control of influenza.Therefore,the study of spread mechanics and controlling strategies of influenza based on Fog-Haze will be scientifically meaningful.Considering that when the concentration of Fog-Haze is low,Fog-Haze contributes to the number of infectious individuals and Fog-Haze suppresses the transmission of the influenza virus when the concentration of Fog-Haze is high,we establish the Fog-Haze dynamics model.Then we prove the global existence and boundedness of the solution,and the global asymptotic stability of the solution is given by constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional.Under the Fog-Haze weather,we study the inffuenza virus transmission model that incorporates the incidence rate to reflect the Fog-Haze-dependent saturation effect and investigate the effect of Fog-Haze pollution on the transmission of influenza.We show that the basic reproduction number R_(0) determines the global dynamics of the system:if R_(0)<1,the disease-free equilibrium is global asymptotically stable;the unique endemic equilibrium is global asymptotically stable if R_(0)>1.Simulations are carried out to validate the theoretical results.Our study provides further understanding of the dynamics of Fog-Haze and the effect of Fog-Haze pollution on the transmission of influenza.
文摘With the rapid development of industrialisation and urbanisation, China is facing the challenge of severe HF (Haze-Fog) pollution. This essay compares the advantages and disadvantages of China’s HF management and summarizes the important lessons China can teach the rest of the world about applying this tactic. China’s capabilities in the digital economy, National Innovation Demonstration Zones, and urban innovation systems are examined in this article, along with its shortcomings in information mechanisms and pollution sources. This essay also summarizes China’s achievements, particularly regarding local autonomy. The essay goes on to say, however, that China is probably going to be under more pressure to manage HF in the future, both in terms of long-term solutions and the economy.
文摘雾和霾是危害人类健康和影响社会经济发展的灾害天气,精细化的实况资料能够在雾和霾的防治中发挥重要作用。利用2017年12月1日至2020年11月30日天津及其周边地区国家气象观测站资料、Himawari-8卫星L1级全圆盘观测数据和L3级气溶胶光学厚度产品,分析了中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(CMA Land Data Assimilation System,CLDAS)能见度和相对湿度融合实况分析产品判识天津地区雾、轻雾和霾的准确性。结果表明:与台站资料相比,CLDAS产品对轻雾、雾和霾的平均检出率分别为90.4%、84.2%和78.8%;CLDAS产品对轻雾的逐月检出率为81.1%~96.4%,雾和霾出现较多的月份,其检出率均在80.0%左右。个例分析表明CLDAS产品判识的雾、轻雾和霾与台站观测结果以及Himawari-8卫星反演检测结果基本一致。CLDAS产品未正确判识雾、轻雾和霾的情况主要表现为雾误判为轻雾(各站为3.8%~21.4%)和霾漏判(各站为8.6%~25.0%)。当台站水平能见度在区间[0,0.75 km)时,CLDAS能见度的误差主要导致雾误判为轻雾;在区间[0.75,7.5 km)时,CLDAS能见度的误差主要导致霾漏判;在区间[7.5,15 km)时,CLDAS能见度的误差主要导致轻雾和霾空报。当台站相对湿度大于40%且小于等于60%时,CLDAS相对湿度的误差主要导致霾误判为轻雾。总体而言,CLDAS产品对天津地区雾、轻雾和霾的判识准确性较好,能够为雾、轻雾和霾的精细化监测提供参考,改善雾和霾监测中能见度观测站点稀少、空间覆盖不足的现状。
