Hydrodynamic Lubrication of Elastic Foil Gas Bearing Using Over Relaxation Iteration Method and Non-Dimensional Equation

The purpose is to accurately predict the performance of foil bearing and achieve accurate results in the design of foil bearing structure.A new type of foil bearing with surface microstructure is used as experimental material.First,the lubrication mechanism of elastic foil gas bearing is analyzed.Then,the numerical solution process of the static bearing capacity and friction torque is analyzed,including the discretization of the governing equation of rarefied gas pressure based on the non-dimensional modified Reynolds equation and the over relaxation iteration method,the grid planning within the calculation range,the static solution of boundary parameters and static solution of the numerical process.Finally,the solution program is analyzed.The experimental data in National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)public literature are compared with the simulation results of this exploration,so as to judge the accuracy of the calculation process.The results show that under the same static load,the difference between the minimum film thickness calculated and the test results is not obvious;when the rotor speed of the bearing is 60000 r/min,the influence of the boundary slip effect increases with the increase of the micro groove depth on the flat foil surface;when the eccentricity or the micro groove depth of the bearing increases,the bearing capacity will be strengthened.When the eccentricity is 6µm and 14µm,the viscous friction torque of the new foil bearing increases significantly with the increase of the depth of the foil micro groove,but when the eccentricity is 22µm,the viscous friction torque does not change with the change of the depth of the foil micro groove.It shows that the bearing capacity and performance of foil bearing are improved.

Theoretical and experimental research on static stiffness,performance,and lift-off characteristics of multi-layer gas foil thrust bearings

In this study,a new comprehensive fully coupled elastic–hydrodynamic model is developed for a multi-layer gas foil thrust bearing(GFTB).The interaction effects among the top foil,back board,middle foil,and bottom foil,as well as the Coulomb friction effect,are considered.The stiffness and static characteristics obtained by the experimental and theoretical approaches are in good agreement,which verifies the accuracy of the model.The contribution of each foil layer to the overall stiffness and the load-carrying mechanism are analyzed.Interaction effects of the load,preload,and rotational speed on the static performance are investigated comprehensively.Furthermore,start–stop tests are performed to achieve the lift-off speed,start-up torque,and shut-down torque under various operating conditions.

Study on lift-up speed of aerodynamic compliant foil thrust bearings

Objective The experimental study on the lift-up speed of a new kind of compliant aerodynamic foil thrust bearings was performed on the multifunctional test rig established for testing the performances of foil gas bearings.Methods The lift-up speed of foil gas thrust bearing under given axial load was analyzed through the spectrum of axial displacement response in frequency domain.Results The test results indicated that the difference in the spectrum of axial displacement responses before and after lifting up of the rotor was obvious.After lifting up of the rotor,there were only larger components of rotation frequency and lower harmanic frequencies.If the rotor wasn't lift-up,there were also larger components of other frequencies in the spectrum.Conclusion So by analyzing the spectrum of axial displacement response,the results showed that the lift-up speed was about 1860rpm when the axial load was 31N.

Numerical analysis of bump foil bearings without nominal radial clearance

Bump foil bearings without nominal radial clearance were analyzed. An air film thickness model and a bearing theoretical analytical model were developed accounting for air compressibility and foil deformation. To analyze hydrodynamic characteristics of bump foil bearings with different operating eccentricities, the air film thickness equation and Reynolds equation were coupled through pressure and solved by Newton-Raphson Method (NRM) and Finite Difference Method (FDM). The characteristics of an bump foil bearing model were discussed including load carrying capacity, film thickness and pressure distributions. The results of simulation show that bump foil bearing without nominal radial clearance can provide better stability and greater load capacity. This numerical analytical method also reveals a good convergence in numerical calculation.

Experimental and numerical study on hysteretic performance of SMA spring-friction bearings

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study to investigate the hysteretic performance of a new type of isolator consisting of shape memory alloy springs and friction bearing called an SMA spring-friction bearing （SFB）. The SFB is a sliding-type isolator with SMA devices used for the seismic protection of engineering structures. The principle of operation of the isolation bearing is introduced. In order to explore the possibility of applying SMA elements in passive seismic control devices, large diameter superelastic tension/compression NiTi SMA helical springs used in the SFB isolator were developed. Mechanical experiments of the SMA helical spring were carried out to understand its superelastic characteristics. After that, a series of quasi-static tests on a single SFB isolator prototype were conducted to measure its force-displacement relationships for different loading conditions and study the corresponding variation law of its mechanical performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the SFB exhibits full hysteretic curves, excellent energy dissipation capacity, and moderate recentering ability. Finally, a theoretical model capable of emulating the hysteretic behavior of the SMA-based isolator was then established and implemented in MATLAB software. The comparison of the numerical results with the experimental results shows the efficacy of the proposed model for simulating the response of the SFB.

Thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic analysis of a specific multi-layer gas foil thrust bearing under thermal-fluid–solid coupling

Gas foil bearing faces severe and complex thermal-fluid–solid coupling issues when in ultra-high speed and miniaturized impeller machineries.In this study,a Thermo-Elasto-Hydrodynamic(TEHD)analysis of a specific multi-layer gas foil thrust bearing on the continuous loading process within a steady rotational speed is numerically investigated by a three-dimensional thermal-fluid–solid coupling method.Results indicate that the multi-layer foil exhibits nonlinear overall stiffness,with the thrust bottom foil serving as the primary elastic deformation structure,while the thrust top foil maintains a well-defined aerodynamic shape during a loading process,which helps reduce frictional damage and achieve an adequate loading capacity.For low loads,the fluctuation of the gas film is extremely sensitive,and it weakens dramatically as the load increases.The viscous heating and friction torque exhibit a linear relationship with an increasing bearing load after a rapid growth.Depending on the exact stacking sequence and contact position of the multi-layer gas foil,the overlapping configuration allows for efficient transfer of viscous-shearing heat accumulated at the smallest air film through thermal conduction while providing elastic support.Due to the strong inhomogeneity of the viscous heat under varying loads,the temperature distribution on the top foil surface shows pronounced variations,while the difference between the peak and average temperatures of the thrust plate and top foil surfaces widens substantially with an increasing load.

An efficient three-dimensional foil structure model for bump-type gas foil bearings considering friction

This paper presents an efficient three-dimensional(3D)structural model for bump-type gas foil bearings(GFBs)developed by considering friction.The foil structures are modeled with a 3D shell finite element model.Using the bump foil mechanical characteristics,the Guyan reduction and component mode synthesis methods are adopted to improve computational efficiency while guaranteeing accurate static responses.A contact model that includes friction and separation behaviors is presented to model the interactions of the bump foil with the top foil and bearing sleeve.The proposed structural model was validated with published analytical and experimental results.The coupled elastohydrodynamics model of GFBs was established by integration of the proposed structural model with data on hydrodynamic films,and it was validated by comparisons with existing experimental results.The performance of a bearing with an angular misalignment was studied numerically,revealing that the reaction torques of the misaligned bearing predicted by GFB models with 2D and 3D foil structure models are quite different.The 3D foil structure model should be used to study GFB misalignment.

氢燃料电池用气浮离心空压机实验与模拟研究

气浮轴承离心空压机具有无油、高效、低成本、轻量化和动态响应性好等优点,已成为车载氢燃料电池空压机的最佳选择。本文介绍了自主研发的额定压比2.8、质量流量130g/s、转速88000r/min、功率22kW的两级气浮轴承离心空压机,用于匹配电堆功率130kW的车载氢燃料电池。在离心空压机气动性能试验台上测试了空压机在60000~95000r/min范围内的气动性能,同时构建了离心空压机的泄漏通流模型并对其进行了数值模拟,最后将模拟结果与实验数据进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,该离心空压机在实验时最大转速达95000r/min,最大绝热效率可达77.04%。

支盘桩极限承载力现场破坏性试验及理论分析

针对当前规范法支盘桩极限承载力计算结果偏于保守、经济性不足的问题,依托中江高速改扩建项目对3根不同桩长和支盘组合的支盘桩进行了破坏性静载试验和理论研究。首先,通过分析试桩荷载-沉降曲线和桩体内力数据,研究了支盘桩桩体破坏以及荷载传递特征。其次,以Meyerhof基础极限承载力理论为基础推导适用于支盘桩的极限承载力模型,并引入投影面积比和截面突变系数以考虑分支承载力。最后,将理论模型计算和试验结果进行对比验证了理论可行性。结果表明:依据现有规范设计的3根试桩安全系数分别为2.8,3.0,3.0,可知支盘桩安全系数较大,有待进一步研究;由分支和支盘组成的支盘桩,盘体作为主要的承载部件,载分担比例最高,六分支承载能力仅约为等直径盘体的50%,并且桩端对总承载力的贡献度很小;短桩相对于长桩直杆段占比小,分支和支盘承载占比更大;支盘各部分的承载力发挥与桩长、分支/支盘设置以及支盘埋深密切相关;依据Meyerhof深基础端承力理论提出的支盘桩极限承载力通用计算方法可以考虑埋深、土体等参数对支盘承载性能的影响;理论和实测值的比较发现所提方法具有较高的计算精度;分支/支盘极限承载力的计算误差小于17%,支盘桩极限承载力计算误差小于13%,满足工程需求。

偏心距对胶合木空心柱受压性能的影响

【目的】为探讨落叶松胶合木空心柱的偏心受压性能,【方法】对7组不同偏心距的试件进行单向偏心受压承载力试验,研究胶合木空心柱的破坏模式、破坏机理、承载力、荷载-应变关系、荷载-挠度关系,并将偏心受压柱与轴心受压柱进行对比。通过考虑柱中侧向挠度来增大偏心压力产生的弯矩,提出了胶合木空心柱偏压承载力计算公式。【结果】小偏心受压柱破坏模式为弯曲凹侧木材被压屈,产生纵向裂缝,弯曲凸侧木材没有明显的破坏;大偏心受压柱破坏模式为弯曲凹侧木材压屈,纵向开裂,弯曲凸侧木材被拉断破坏。偏心距为30~100 mm的试件,其极限承载力分别下降至轴心受压试件承载力的61.51%~31.16%。偏心受压柱承载力改进公式计算结果与试验值相差在10%以内,比目前我国木结构设计标准及胶合木结构技术规范公式的计算更准确。【结论】空心柱大小偏心的界限偏心率约为0.6。大偏心受压破坏与小偏心受压破坏不同的是:弯曲凸侧有明显的破坏现象,且破坏比较突然;试件承载力迅速降低,挠曲变形较大。随着偏心距增加,木柱的承载力逐渐降低,但下降幅度减小。从荷载-应变关系、荷载-挠度关系曲线中可以看出,空心胶合木柱具有一定的塑性变形能力,满足工程用材的要求。研究成果可为工程设计提供理论参考。

PVA纤维水泥基复合材料抗折试验研究与模型分析

PVA纤维水泥基复合材料有着显著阻裂能力和拉伸性能,开展了PVA纤维水泥基材料抗折性能的研究。包括PVA纤维水泥基复合材料试件抗折性能试验、其破坏形态与承载力分析、建立与分析了在PVA纤维水泥基复合试件下的拱模型理论、提出新的承载力计算方法。研究得出:PVA纤维水泥基复合材料试件在纤维体积掺量为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%时,抗折承载力随着纤维掺量的增加而增加,抗折性能得到显著提升;根据PVA纤维水泥基复合材料试件的不同受力阶段,分3种情况建立平衡方程,为计算抗折承载力提供了依据;建立了拱模型在PVA纤维水泥基复合材料试件下的抗折承载力计算理论,得到抗折承载力计算结果与试验值较为接近。

弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承理论模型的研究

提出了一种新型结构弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承,针对此种结构,提出了求解弹性流体动力润滑问题(EHDL)的弹性基础支承箔片轴承流-固耦合物理模型,分析了弹性基础支承材料的特性,建立了弹性基础受力三维六自由度变形和考虑了包括非线性项动态气膜力和轴承不对中(角偏差)效应的非定常可压缩雷诺方程的数学模型;然后从控制方程出发,给出了求解弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承静态特性参数(压力分布、承载力、偏位角、摩擦力矩)的分析方法;并以静特性分析为基础,采用Lund的线性化假设,分析了弹性支承箔片动压气体径向轴承的动态性能(4个刚度系数及4个阻尼系数);最后在动特性分析的基础上,采用刚性对称转子模型,分析了轴承的稳定性。

基于箔片非线性刚度模型的气体箔片轴承静特性研究

基于箔片轴承结构刚度试验结果推导单个波纹箔片非线性刚度模型,通过有限差分法耦合求解气体Reynolds方程、气膜厚度方程和单个波纹箔片非线性刚度方程得到了轴承静态特性,研究波纹箔片非线性刚度对轴承静态特性的影响。通过对波纹箔片非线性模型和文献中的波纹箔片等刚度模型仿真结果进行对比分析,结果表明:单个波纹箔片刚度具有很强的非线性,轴承气膜压力分布不均使得轴承承载区波纹箔片的刚度要远远大于非承载区的刚度,并且轴承轻载时非线性刚度模型刚度值较小导致仿真得到的轴颈偏心率和非承载区的气膜厚度都明显大于文献恒定刚度模型的结果。此外,通过分析得出了一种先进行刚度试验得到单个箔片非线性刚度模型后利用数值方法进行求解的箔片轴承静特性分析方法。

SMA弹簧—摩擦支座的滞回性能研究

研究一种新型形状记忆合金弹簧-摩擦支座(SMA Spring-Friction Bearing,SFB)的滞回性能。首先,研制了可用于SFB的大尺寸超弹性NiTi记忆合金(NiTi SMA)螺旋弹簧。在此基础上,加工制作了SFB试件实物模型,对其进行了拟静力试验研究。考察了竖向压力、位移幅值和加载频率对SFB恢复力-位移曲线以及等效刚度、单位循环耗能、等效阻尼比和等效动摩擦因数的影响。最后,将SMA螺旋弹簧恢复力模型和摩擦力模型相叠加,建立了SFB的恢复力模型,利用该模型进行了数值模拟。研究结果表明:SFB可提供饱满的滞回曲线,耗能能力较强,且具有一定的复位能力;数值结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证了SFB恢复力模型的正确性。

加筋风砂土抗拔试验研究(II)——抗拔载荷能力计算分析

通过对典型沙地土样的分析试验和室内模型试验,对未加筋风砂土和土工格栅的15种不同加筋条件下风砂土地基扩展基础的上拔承载性能进行了试验研究。根据试验结果,确定了加筋风砂土地基扩展基础承受上拔荷载的计算模式和理论计算公式。研究了分别由风砂土和土工格栅引起的上拔承载能力,按计算值和实测值分项进行了对比分析,提出了有效的土工格栅加筋形式,即平铺一层和二层土工格栅。提出了进一步需要研究的“锚固长度”问题。

盾构隧道管片接头抗弯承载力计算模型研究

盾构隧道管片接头承载力的计算是管片设计和服役性能评估的重要部分和关键部分,针对形式相同而细部构造不同的管片接头,提出一套适用于其抗弯承载力计算的理论方法十分重要。鉴于此,文章基于接缝面的不连续特征将接缝面进行适当分区,建立盾构隧道管片接头抗弯承载力计算模型,并给出对应的求解算法。将理论模型的计算结果与接头足尺试验结果进行对比分析,验证理论模型的正确性,然后采用该计算模型对管片接头抗弯承载力进行分析与讨论。结果表明:管片接头抗弯承载力曲线具有明显的非线性特征,随着轴力的增大,接头极限弯矩呈先增大后减小的趋势。混凝土强度对于接头抗弯承载力的影响较为显著,而螺栓强度和螺栓直径对于接头抗弯承载力的影响程度受轴力控制,轴力较小时,上述两参数的增大对于接头抗弯承载力的提升效果明显,轴力较大时效果逐渐减弱,当轴力高于某一阈值后,螺栓对于接头抗弯承载力无影响。文章所提出的抗弯承载力计算模型与研究结果以期为盾构隧道结构设计、试验和性能评估提供重要参考。

平箔动压止推气体轴承的试验研究

本文提出了一种新型结构的箔片止推动压气体轴承,搭建了多功能止推轴承试验台,并主要针对其承载力性能进行了初步的试验研究。试验轴承的外径为φ38mm,内径为φ16mm,在 110 000r/min的转速下获得的最大轴向承载力为44．1N。

加筋砂土地基承载力理论与试验分析研究

加筋地基由于其加筋机理的复杂性,其设计和计算理论的研究还是远远落后于工程实践。依据普朗德尔关于地基的基本假定和分析方法,分析了砂土加筋地基的加筋原理;推导了单层加筋地基极限承载力的近似解;讨论了加筋地基承载力与加筋长度和埋置深度的关系等问题。通过与有关加筋地基的模型试验的对比分析,验证了理论分析的合理性和正确性。

凿井期冻结井外壁的力学模型及水平极限承载力研究

冻结井外壁浇筑后,受力状态逐渐由平面应力向广义平面应力转变,并承受急剧增长的冻结压力作用,因而确保早期水平承载力是外壁设计的关键.针对冻结井外壁的受力特点,分别基于两种混凝土强度准则,推导出了平面应力、广义平面应力、平面应变状态下外壁水平极限承载力的计算公式.研究表明:外壁水平极限承载力取决于井壁断面特征系数、混凝土应力状态、混凝土的单轴抗压强度;与平面应力状态相比,平面应变状态下外壁水平极限承载力显著提高.为确保冻结凿井工程的安全,外壁应尽量按平面应力模型或广义平面应力(如能确定值)模型而非平面应变模型开展设计,否则水平极限承载力将被显著高估.

滑动轴承表面织构润滑理论模型

介绍了作用在轴和轴承上的常见表面织构形状和分布方式,总结了带有织构的滑动轴承理论模型,分析了表面织构参数对滑动轴承性能的影响和考虑空穴、惯性力、热效应、混合润滑等不同条件下的润滑机理,并对滑动轴承表面织构模型研究方向进行了展望。