DESIGN OF HIGH VOLTAGE POWER CONVERTER FOR TRAVELING WAVE TUBE AMPLIFIER

Traveling Wave Tubes(TWTs) are widely used in the radar and communications system as RF power amplifiers. A highly sophisticated power supply is required by TWT. In order to meet the severe requirements of Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier(TWTA), a novel two-stage topology high voltage converter for TWTA is proposed.The converter is based on Zero-Voltage Switching and Zero-Current Switching(ZVS/ZCS) resonant techniques. The high voltage converter operation principles are investigated and major features of the converter are discussed. The power switching mode of ZVS/ZCS is obtained. The experimental results show that the converter has good soft switching characteristics. Compared to the conventional hard switched Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) techniques, the high efficiency and low ripple of the converter for TWTA are realized. The efficiency of High Voltage Electronic Power Conditioners(HV-EPC) over 93.5% under the condition of 38~46 V input voltage and 260~300 W input power. The switching frequency of first-stage(preregulator) of HV-EPC is 89 k Hz and the switching frequency of second-stage(postregulator) is 44.5 k Hz. The highest output voltage of the HV-EPC is helix voltage which is about –6.8 kV. It is especially suitable for TWTA utilized in space satellite applications due to its high switching frequency and high power density.

Investigation of a wideband folded double-ridged waveguide slow-wave system

The folded double-ridged waveguide structure is presented and its properties used for wide-band traveling-wave tube are investigated. Expressions of dispersion characteristics, normalized phase velocity and interaction impedance of this structure are derived and numerically calculated. The calculated results using our theory agree well with those obtained by using the 3D electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. Influences of the ridge-loaded area and broad-wall dimensions on the high frequency characteristics of the novel slow-wave structure are discussed. It is shown that the folded double-ridged waveguide structure has a much wider relative passband than the folded waveguide slow-wave structure and a relative passband of 67% could be obtained, indicating that this structure can operate in broad-band frequency ranges of beam-wave interaction. The small signal gain property is investigated for ensuring the improvement of bandwidth. Meanwhile, with comparable dispersion characteristics, the transverse section dimension of this novel structure is much smaller than that of conventional one, which indicates an available way to reduce the weight of traveling-wave tube.

Accurate analysis of arbitrarily-shaped helical groove waveguide

This paper presents a theory on accurately analysing the dispersion relation and the interaction impedance of electromagnetic waves propagating through a helical groove waveguide with arbitrary groove shape, in which the complex groove profile is synthesized by a series of rectangular steps. By introducing the influence of high-order evanescent modes on the connection of any two neighbouring steps by an equivalent susceptance under a modified admittance matching condition, the assumption of the neglecting discontinuity capacitance in previously published analysis is avoided, and the accurate dispersion equation is obtained by means of a combination of field-matching method and admittancematching technique. The validity of this theory is proved by comparison between the measurements and the numerical calculations for two kinds of helical groove waveguides with different groove shapes.

Study on dispersion characteristics of terahertz waves in helical waveguides

Corresponding to the atmospheric transmission windows of the electromagnetic spectrum in the low terahertz range,the mode coupling and dispersion characteristics of two helically corrugated waveguides(HCW)in the frequency ranges of 90 GHz-100 GHz and 260 GHz-265 GHz are studied.Through analytic calculations and numerical simulations,dispersion curves and structural parameters of the two frequency ranges waveguides are obtained.A novel method was proposed to obtain the dispersion of the HCW from the eigenwave solution using a periodic boundary condition.The HCW in a frequency range of 90 GHz-100 GHz was fabricated and its dispersion performance was measured.By comparing the measured results with the theoretical and the simulated results,the validity of the analytical and simulation method is verified.Limited to our machining capability,the dispersion of the 260 GHz-265 GHz HCW was only simulated and calculated and it was found that the results agree well with each other.

Nonlinear investigation of beam-wave interaction in double-groove loaded folded-waveguide traveling-wave tube

A W-band traveling-wave tube (TWT) with double-groove loaded folded waveguide structure (FWSWS) has been designed and numerically modelled. The nonlinear performance of such a TWT is investigated by a particle-in-cell code MAGIC3D. Simulation results indicate this TWT produces a saturated electromagnetic power of 170.2 W at 90 GHz, corresponding to 36.9 dB gain and 69.6 mm interaction distance. A comparison between the novel folded waveguide traveling-wave tube (FWTWT) and the conventional one is also carried out to verify the effect of groove loading on the large-signal performance of TWT. Within the same working conditions, the double groove-loaded FWTWT could obtain higher saturated output power and gain in a shorter interaction length. The maximum of output power and gain of this novel TWT is 58.6% and 10% higher than those of the conventional FWTWT, while the 3-dB bandwidth of TWT is reduced to 4 GHz. With the additional advantage of ease of fabrication based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, the double-groove loaded FWSWS is suitable for a millimeter-wave TWT with high power capacity and gain.

耳型折叠波导慢波结构W波段行波管

毫米波行波管具有大功率、宽频带、高增益等特点,广泛用于雷达、高速通信、电子对抗等现代军事装备中。为提高折叠波导耦合阻抗并考虑工程应用性,提出一种耳型折叠波导新型慢波结构。与常规矩形波导相比,工作频带内耦合阻抗提高30%以上,损耗降低10%。研制的耳型折叠波导W波段行波管,在工作电压21.9 kV,电流210 mA,占空比为5%时,10.8 GHz带宽内输出功率大于192 W,峰值功率达278 W,电子效率和增益分别达到6.3%和44.6 dB,行波管工作稳定。

非周期同心圆弧折叠波导行波管的永磁聚焦系统设计

开展了对非周期折叠波导行波管永磁聚焦系统的研究。基于W波段非周期折叠波导行波管的技术指标,根据理论分析和电磁仿真,设计了一套均匀永磁聚焦的电子光学系统,并进行了实物加工与测试。仿真结果表明,在电子主通道直径0.3 mm,长度为40.5 mm的条件下,阴阳极电压差为6 kV,可以产生120 mA的电流,电子通过率100%。测试结果表明,在阴阳极施加6 kV的电压时,阴极发射电流为120 mA,电子通过率为90%,满足高频结构设计要求。

毫米波及太赫兹行波管的功率提高方法评述

短毫米波及太赫兹行波管具有宽频宽、大功率、高效率等优点,在高分辨成像、高速通信、电子对抗等领域有着广泛的应用前景。分析和评述了国内外研究单位的研制水平,以及作者近年来研发的行波管,频率覆盖E波段、W波段、G波段和Y波段等多个频段。为进一步提升毫米波及太赫兹行波管输出功率,在新型折叠波导慢波结构、相速再同步技术、周期聚焦磁场(PCM)聚焦带状电子注、多注集成等方向开展了分析与实验研究,为器件的性能提升和应用推进提供技术支持。

E波段连续波空间行波管研制进展

针对高波段空间行波管的卫星通信应用需求,介绍了E波段连续波空间行波管的研制情况。该行波管通过进一步优化折叠波导慢波结构参数和调整周期跳变方案,实现改善带内增益波动性、提高效率的目的。研制出的样管在14.7 kV、74 mA条件下,实现电子注动态流通率高于98%,在71~76 GHz范围内,输出功率大于85 W,总效率大于37%,增益大于40 dB。

140 GHz螺旋波纹波导小回旋行波放大器的研究

针对140 GHz回旋行波管,采用三折螺旋波纹波导作为慢波结构,通过色散特性分析优化螺旋波纹波导结构参数,达成了抑制模式竞争和扩展带宽的目的;依据布拉格衍射机理设计了输入耦合器,能够确保电子束有效流通以及信号稳定输入,且在136.5~144 GHz范围内,S_(21)>-0.5 dB。以小回旋电子注为激励源对该螺旋波纹波导回旋行波放大器进行了PIC仿真,当输入信号的频率为140 GHz、功率为50 W时,输出信号功率为223 kW,增益为36.49 dB;在134~142 GHz的频率范围时,输出功率在113~223 kW之间,3 dB带宽大于8 GHz。本文将螺旋波纹波导结构应用于140 GHz并取得了高增益和大带宽,对后续在更高频率的研究和工程应用具有较高的参考价值。

W波段行波管切断位置性能分析与实验

为分析折叠波导行波管互作用电路切断位置的功率和频谱特性,提出并研制出一只四端口W波段脉冲行波管。对该行波管频带内互作用电路的S参数、切断处功率和对应频谱特性进行测试,分析表明:端口2(输入段的切断)的功率幅值主要取决于饱和状态下行波管的输入功率,与输入段增益不成正比关系分布;端口3(输出段切断)功率主要取决于端口匹配性能,其数值计算功率和测试数据吻合良好。本文研究为毫米波及太赫兹行波管切断设计提供了一种有效方法。

行波管折叠波导慢波结构UV-LIGA制备技术中的电铸工艺

UV-LIGA是制作行波管(TWT)折叠波导慢波结构的一项重要技术,能够满足行波管对于慢波结构小尺寸、高精度和低表面粗糙度的加工要求。简要介绍了采用UV-LIGA技术制备340 GHz折叠波导慢波结构的工艺流程,主要包括在铜基底上通过光刻工艺制备厚胶膜结构、在厚胶膜结构中进行高精度电铸以及将半封闭铜电铸窄通道中胶膜去除等。对大深度窄缝结构精密电铸工艺进行了详细研究,分析对比脉冲波及三角波的电铸结果,优化工艺参数并尝试工艺组合。结果表明,采用三角波电铸,狭缝和胶膜边缘厚度差为40μm;采用脉冲波和三角波电铸结合方法,得到的电铸结构表面平整,狭缝和胶膜边缘厚度差减小至15μm。最终制备的折叠波导慢波结构与基底结合良好,表面无缺陷,高温处理后无裂纹、无鼓泡,窄边尺寸精度优于2μm,能够满足行波管的应用需求。

W波段行波管功率提升研究

行波管为发射机提供放大信号,其输出功率直接决定着系统的作用距离,是系统的核心部件之一。本文从提升电子效率和电子注功率两方面开展研究,以提升W波段行波管输出功率。基于折叠波导互用电路相速跳变设计,研制出8 GHz带宽内输出功率大于250 W的W波段行波管。提出非半圆弯曲折叠波导与相速跳变技术结合的设计方法,使W波段行波管输出功率和电子效率最高分别达到647 W和13.4%。提出一种四端口式高频结构和一种双弧弯曲折叠波导慢波结构,大幅提升了行波管对工作电流的聚焦能力,基于两种新型结构的创新研究,完成了千瓦级W波段行波管设计。

太赫兹回旋行波管输入耦合器仿真设计

基于回旋行波管的基本原理,选择准光波导作为高频结构。选择中心频点0.34 THz进行太赫兹准光回旋行波管输入耦合器研究。准光波导工作模式选择为TE06模,选取波纹波导、镜面天线的准光注入结构结构,实现在8 GHz的工作带宽内,回旋行波管输入耦合器激励的工作模式达到输入模式功率的50%以上,且最高注入效率达到68%,证明该结构有效性。

高功率放大器在卫星通信中的应用

卫星通信在国民经济、军事及日常生活等领域具有广阔的应用前景。高功率放大器是实现地面通信链路的核心器件,其工作特性直接关系到通信品质,因此高功率放大器的选择及维修非常重要。从各类型高功率放大器的组成结构、工作原理、发展现状、类型以及适用范围等角度出发,探讨了速调管功率放大器、行波管功率放大器(Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier,TWTA)以及固体功率放大器(Solid State Power Amplifier,SSPA)在卫星通信中的运用,以期为有关技术人员提供参考。

太赫兹准光回旋行波管注波互作用提升研究

准光波导通过衍射损耗抑制低阶模式,实现其模式选择特性。针对准光波导场分布的规律,该文开展太赫兹准光回旋行波管的注波互作用研究,通过数值模拟的方式验证采用扇形的电子注提升太赫兹准光回旋行波管注波互作用效率的方法。经过数值计算的研究表明,针对准光波导场分布,采用扇形的电子注可以明显提高准光回旋行波管的注波互作用效率。

行波管高压电源数字控制技术研究

行波管放大器在卫星通信和国防等领域的应用越来越广泛,行波管电源系统对输出电压稳定性的要求也越来越高,但传统的模拟控制开关电源存在诸多缺点,无法满足需求。为此,设计了一个基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)的数字控制开关电源,功率主电路采用Buck型变换器,控制环路采用电压环反馈控制。在MATLAB/Simulink仿真的基础上,结合FPGA对系统整体性能进行测试。结果表明,电源系统在不同工作条件下的输出电压稳定,瞬态响应调节迅速,总体性能满足行波管放大器的设计要求。

0.22THz折叠波导行波管部件设计与加工

以理论推导和三维模拟仿真设计为基础,设计优化了0.22THz折叠波导行波管电子枪、慢波结构、永磁聚焦系统、输入/输出结构、收集极等部分,并结合大量的工艺实验,探索和研究了各种精密加工方法和组装焊接工艺,最后完成了符合这些部分设计要求的高精度零件加工和组装焊接样品。

束流发射度对太赫兹微电真空折叠波导行波管性能的影响

采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,分别对140,220和345GHz折叠波导行波管中的束流发射度的影响因素及其对直流导通率的影响进行了分析,总结了发射度随频率、结构参数和电子束参数的变化规律。研究发现,在太赫兹频段束流发射度直接决定着聚焦磁场的选取设计,是表征太赫兹频段束流品质的一个重要参量。