从原形解构看韩国学术界对江陵端午祭的认识论转变

在经历了"现实复原——历史包装——原形解构"三个阶段的研究后,韩国学术界对江陵端午祭的认识发生了转变。任东权1966年整理记录的江陵端午祭指定资料历来被视为文化原形,受本质论的影响,"原形至上"的复原主义在江陵地区愈演愈烈。然而解构研究学者却发现江陵端午祭的原形在祭仪和起源传说上存在自相矛盾的现象,因而对所谓"原形"提出质疑。解构主义学者认为应摒弃原形至上的本质论观点,以建构论的视角重新认识江陵端午祭。

非物质文化的创造——以浙江省宁波市象山县的竹根雕为题材

对于非物质文化,在研究和政策的层面上,是以遗产(heritage)这种形式作为保护的对象来对待的。但是,在很多传承下来的非物质文化正在消失的现代,另一方面却又有很多非物质文化被创造出来。非物质文化是经历了漫长的岁月而生成的,而且,即使在现在也仍然在不断地创造着。非物质文化是不断地被人类创造出来的文化,我们不仅要从保护的侧面进行理解,同时,也必须要从创造的侧面来进行理解。本文以浙江省宁波市象山县的竹根雕为题材,以此探讨其两千年的根艺的历史是由现在的人们建构起来的,并作为新的"传统"性的非物质文化被发明出来的文化创造的动态过程。

Study on Ecological Folklore Tourism Development of Xi'an Chanba River Ecological Area

Taking the folklore tourism planning of Chanba River ecological area as the study object and aiming at problems in the development of folklore tourism in Xi'an, the planning technique of 'visualizing the intangible culture' was adopted in this study from the perspective of ecological folk-custom based on summarizing the characteristics of folk-custom tourism resources in the planning area, which discussed development ideas and strategies of the ecological folk-custom tourism resources to achieve a sustainable development of ecological folklore tourism development of Chanba River ecological area.

《北美民俗研究》与美国民俗学的理论建设和学术转型

《北美民俗研究》创刊于1888年,为美国民俗学的理论建设和学术转型做出了重要贡献。美国民俗学在英国民俗学的直接影响下建立,初始受到人类学、文学等多学科的影响,60-70年代形成了独立的理论体系,90年代以来在应对危机的同时进一步加强理论建设。在这一发展历程中,《北美民俗研究》紧跟学科发展的脚步,在重要的转型时期,有计划有组织地进行理论探讨,以专刊的形式集中呈现讨论成果,并形成传统,有力推动了美国民俗学的发展。

Evaluation of anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant potential of an drographolide and echiodinin isolated from callus culture of Andrographis paniculata Nees

Objective:To evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activity of and rographolide(AND)and echiodinin(ECH)of Andrographis paniculata.Methods:In this study,an attempt has been made to demonstrate the anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activity of isolated AND and ECH by broth micro-dilution method and 2,2-dipheny l-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH)assay,respectively.Structure elucidation was determined by electro-spray ionization-MSD,NMR(1H and13C)and IR spectra.Results:AND was effective against most of the strains tested including Mycobacterium smegmatis,showing broad spectrum of growth inhibition activity with Minimum inhibitory concentration values againstStaphylococcus aureus(100μg/mL),Streptococcus thermophilus(350μg/mL)Bacillus subtilis(100μg/mL),Escherichia coli(50μg/mL),Mycobacterium smegmatis(200μg/mL),Klebsiella pneumonia(100μg/mL),andPseudomonas aeruginosa(200μg/mL).ECH showed specific anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosaat a concentration higher than 225μg/mL.Both AND and ECH were not effective against the two yeast strains,Candida albicansand Saccharomyces cerevisiae tested in this study.Conclusion:This preliminary study showed promising anti-bacterial activity and moderate free radical scavenging activity of AND and ECH,and it may provide the scientific rationale for its popular folklore medicines.

How to Write English Titles, Abstract and Key Words for Folklore Papers： Practice and Analysis

Folklore research entails field trips, serve as secondary role. Writing of title, abstract and while textual study and circumstantial investigation merely keywords for folklore papers differs from that of other types of articles. Proceeding from writing strategies and linguistic features, the authors intend to share their experience with fellow researchers.

非文学的民间文学

中国学术界所称的“民间文学”,既是文学,又不是文学。Folklore与民间文学的意义只是大略相同,其中的神话、传说、歌谣、史诗的文学性较强,信仰、习俗、谚语的知识性较强、文学性较弱。将Folklore简单地等同于民间文学并突出其文学性,是不够准确的。Folklore还被译作“民俗学”,即关于特定民族及其民间传承的学科,是社会学的分支。苏联将Folklore中的文学因子另立为“人民的口头文学”学科,而其中的信仰、民俗、习惯则交由民族学加以研究,这就将文学成分与非文学成分区分开了。实际上,只有将民间文学中的文学成分与非文学成分放在一起研究,才能获得其真谛。

The Hind as the Ancestress, Ergo Virgin Mary-- Comparative Study About the Common Origin Myth of the Hun and Hungarian People

Numerous legends are known in Eurasia, in which one or more hunters are trying to get a stag, and then the hunters will find a new homeland, or establish a new cathedral at the location where the deer appeared earlier. According to the structure of the legend, the Eastern legend type is more ancient. In its most archaic version the sole hero spots a doe, who later turns out to be the daughter of a king, later marrying the hero and then they found a new homeland where his people may reproduce. This totemic tradition of the origins can he seen in the Hungarian myths of origin, as well as in the oral ritual texts related to wedding ceremonies which connect Central Eurasia with Europe through the Hun origin myths. The doe appearing in the Eastern Legends is the symbol of the Sun and the ancestress of the culture hero＇s nation. And this symbolic role descends to the cultural heritage of the Christian era later in the person of Virgin Mary. The aim of the paper is to find whether there are any correspondences between the two branches and if there are, the sort is to be determined; furthermore, the purposes of the Hungarian legends are to be sought out about the Miracle Stag in possible relation to the deer legends on the two continents linked together by the Eurasian steppes.

The Changing Angle of View on Feminism:from Nuala's Daphne and Apollo to The Hair Market

This paper explores the dynamic interaction between contemporary Irish women poet and the notion of tradition in Irish poetry. Looking at the two poems of Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill,the paper suggests that this Irish women poet is subverting tradition and destabilizing a conventionally accepted fusion of the feminine with the nation. This is achieved through direct challenge,through dislocation and through establishing a dialogue between the mythical and the real in the context of the lived experience of women in Ireland,which suggests the great effects for civil and social activities which have been done by these great women poets who engage consciously in the process of giv-ing women an active voice.

Ethno-Medico-Biology of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India

We carried out an ethno-medico-biological investigation in the interior of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India to explore the therapeutic use of traditional plants/animals by local inhabitants. The villagers and rural people used plant and animal species as medicine. We recorded therapeutic use of 18 plant species of 13 families and 12 animal species of seven taxonomic categories. Different plant/animal parts like bark, leaf, flower, seed, stem, root, whole plant, oil, blood, milk, urine and flesh were reported as used in raw or cooked form against 17 specific diseases. Prominent diseases treated by plant/animal remedies were asthma, cardiovascular ailments, diabetes, epilepsy, jaundice, malaria, skin disorder and rheumatism. This study provides a better database for future studies.

Pharmacognosy of Enicostemma littorale:A review

Traditional medicine system of India comprised varieties of plants which are playing a significant role in curing diseases from ancient times.Among them,Enicostemma littorale blume(E.littorale)a perennial herb of the family Gentianaceae is cosmopolitan in occurrence in India.The bittery natured plant acts as a laxative,helps in curing fever,rheumatism,skin diseases,abdominal disorders,snake bite,obesity and helps to regulate blood sugar levels.The plant constituents have been reported for possessing antimicrobial,antioxidant,antiulcer,antiinflammatory,hypolipidaemic,hepatoprotective and hypoglycemic properties.This review provides a bird's eye view about geographical distribution,physicochemical parameters,phvtoconstituents and pharmacological properties of E.littorale.

Wound healing effect of methanolic leaf extract of Napoleona vogelii(Family:Lecythidaceae) in rats

Objective:To investigate the wound healing properly of Napoleona vogelii leaf extract in folkloric medicine.Methods:Roth sexes of adult albino rats(n=25) were used in this study and another group(n=30) were subjected to acute toxicity test(LD_(50)) of the plant extract.For the LD_(50),three randomized groups of 5 rats were first treated with 10,100,1 000 mg/kg body weight(bw),orally.This w as followed by a second treatment of 1500,3000,and 5 000 mg/kg bw of the leaf extract with continual monitoring of the animals for mortality or non-mortality.Incision wounds(1.3cm) were created on the skin of five groups of 5 rals using surgical blade under anesthesia.The first group was topically treated with petroleum jelly alone,group 2 was topically applied 400 mg/mL w/v of the reference drug,Neobaein,while group 3-5 were topically treated with 5-50 mg/mL w/v of the plant extract,respectively.Results:The percentage yield of the extract was 49.80%w/w dry matter.The phytochemical analysis revealed several bioactive constituents including glycosides,tannins,alkaloids,perpenoids.saponins,steroids,proteins,and carbohydrates.The LD_(50) was beyond our experimental limit and was not determined.Increased concentrations(5,20,and 50mg/mL w/v) of the extract had significant(ANOVA,P<0.05) healing effect on the incision wounds giving rise to 125%-140% while treatmentawith Neobacin resulted in 150% healing effect on the third treatment regimen compared to the control(100%).Conclusions:These data indicate that Napoleona vogelii leaf extract contains potent bioactive compounds containing wound healing activity,substantiating its use as a wound healer in folkloric medicine.

Folk loral Basics in the Artistic Work of Aleksandre Kazbegi

Aleksandre Kazbegi1 in his works uses the rich folkloric material of mountain that is reformed and revised by thecreator＇s hand and represents the soul of mountaineers, characters and customs, their passion for personal andnational freedom. In the scientific literature consider that national legend ＂Sleeping＂ is the basis of the work＂Khevisberi Gocha＂. Deep trace of traditional folklore is observed in the story ＂Elguja＂. It is important that themain characters of the work Elguja and SvimonChopikashvili are real persons. The writer presented immortal faceof GinjaKhuleli in the story, who was a ravine narrator. In the story recorded folk poems/scenes for custornare used,funeral rumor, and mourning with dead voice. The community is a strong defender of customs. Prosecution andreconciliation with sworn enemy is expressed in an interesting way. The community discussed the issue aboutElguja and SvimonChopikashvili and made a decision upon that. In the story the author describes the institute ofbrotherhood. The story has a political character.In the letters ＂Mokheves2 and their life＂ Aleksandre Kazbegi tellsabout the way of life of the mountaineers, their customs, which are afterwards generalized in his artistic works.

The Concept of Variant-Invariant Match in Uzbek Folk Music

The aim of this paper is to determine the meaning of ＂Nazira＂--the Uzbek musical traditional practice and retrace its relation to the issue of pair of invariant-variant representation in folklore music. The match of invariant-variant has been examined on the examples of such sample of Uzbek folk music as ＂Y or-YoF＇. The findings of the research have been derived from special musical literature.

Seasonal Mythologies in the Lyrics of Cowboy Junkies

In many of his most memorable ballads, Cowboy Junkies lyricist and lead guitarist Michael Timmins combines imagery of seasonal change, of the year, notably of Winter, with religious and mythological references to create richly textured metaphors and analogies of love, loss and anguish. Some of the band’s songs which display these symbolic networks and thematic linkages which we Will consider here are “Winter’s Song,” “’Cause Cheap is How I Feel,” “Crescent Moon,” “First Recollection,” “Sad to See the Season Go,” “Good Friday” and “Ring on the Sill.” We will show that Timmins succeeds not only in rendering vivid tableaux of life in a world where Winter dominates the seasonal round, but also in making those exterior visions, in effect, objective correlatives of the inner lives of the characters of his ballads.

Trickster or Colonizer： The Latent Effects of Colonialism in Efua Sutherland＇s Play The Marriage of Anansewa

The essay analyzes the play written by the late Efua Sutherland （from Ghana） and shows the effects of colonization among the Ghanaians. First, it explores the historical inroads made by the colonizer in West African countries, such as Ghana, causing the debilitation of the culture of such countries by erasing its history. One way in which such erasure occurred was in the destruction of sacred sites of the people. Further connections will also be made to West African cultural contexts with the history of colonization in Africa and its effects on popular culture, specifically drama in countries like Ghana. Next, the essay draws upon the role of the trickster figure of Ananse, the spider who features in many West African and Caribbean folkloric traditions. Sutherland＇s play revolves around the main character of the play, Ananse, and he is likened to the trickster figure, but the essay shows how this figure is also debilitated by the colonizer. Finally, in the play, one notes that despite the main character＇s ＂victory＂ in getting his daughter married to the ＂Chief-Who-ls-Chief＇, he does it for his survival and the survival of his daughter in a world in which the latent effects of colonization has hampered the memory and culture of its people.

Effect of Oral Traditions, Folklores and History on the Development of Education in Nigeria, 1977 Till Date

Nigerian literatures contain history in the oral tradition and folklore like satire, proverbs, chants, symbolism etc. in the pre-literate period, Nigeria enjoyed high level of verbal art civilization which traditional rulers and the generality of the populace patronized. The oral tradition served as medium of preservation of culture and history of the ancient past and experiences. Though, most Nigerians can still remember their family history, folklore, tradition and genealogy, only few oral artists and youths of nowadays possess the skill and ability needed to chant the lengthy oral literature. It is in the light of the above that this study examined the effect of oral tradition, folklore, and history on the development of education in Nigeria, 1977 till date. The study adopted historical research method using primary and secondary sources of information to analyze data. Primary sources include, like archive materials, oral interviews and secondary sources include, like textbooks, speeches, journals, and internet materials and images. The outlines of the paper are： the definition of concepts, historical background of Nigerian oral tradition, and folklore in the educational system, the place of oral tradition, folklore and history in the education policy in Nigeria since 1977, the effect of oral tradition, folklore and history on the development of education in Nigeria since 1977, the prospects of oral traditions, folklore and history on the development of education in Nigeria, conclusion and a few recommendations for future improvement. The findings of the study revealed that oral traditions, folklore and history were the bed-rock for the development of education and society in the pre-colonial period, but these were dropped gradually with the advent of the colonial masters and gradually deteriorate both in the educational curriculum and general conduct of the society and these have adverse effect on the nation＇s economy. It is recommended that the beauty of Nigerian history, oral and written traditions, culture, folklore like proverbs, chants, satire and symbolism, be brought back into the school system, politics and every sector of the Nigerian economy for proper advancement to take place in the education sector and for overall national development.

Communities and the Poetic Imaginary：A Folklore Essay on the Poetry of the Wild Project

Poetry of the Wild is an ongoing artistic and literary project that according to originator Ana Flores＇ conception, invites the public ＂out for a walk＂ to freshly experience their world through word, sound, and image. Inspired by birdhouse design, these unique configurations of ＂poetry boxes＂, combining art and poetry are located in various communal open spaces. Each new project solicits a public response from us all to become catalysts for exploring our environs and questioning how a sense of place informs our consciousness. A folkloristic perspective shapes this discussion about the many variations of this collaborative and public project of poetry boxes, installed on trails, in parks, along rivers, and in library stacks over the past ten years. The primary concerns of folklore interpretation such as tradition, identity, cultural creativity, performance, and narrative analysis, are just a few of the dynamics that can be teased out from investigating a project with such interesting cultural parameters. In this context, cultural sustainability and poetic sensibility deepen our understanding of sense of place, environmental aesthetics, shrine markers, and the scope of individual and communal creative action.

Oral Narrative an Underutilized Tool of Transformation： The Case of Ateso Folk Tales in Iteso Communities of Uganda and Kenya

The study explored the various performances of oral narratives in the Teso communities. In-depth interviews carried out with 68 respondents from 2009 to 2013, in six selected Teso districts in Uganda and Teso and Busia districts in Kenya, before and after performances, provided the data. In placing value and assessing the unquantifiable feelings of narrators and audiences, the study chose the methods of qualitative research and ethno-methodological philosophical analyses. Various levels of perceptions emerged from both the audiences and performers as they journeyed into both self and society. The study showed that the communities yearned for the communicative avenues of harnessing resources for solving various issues as they look into the future. Oral narratives motivated audiences through experiences of self discovery which spurred them to analogies of societal issues that haunted them. Both value and virtue were experienced at individual and group levels with a cultural identity and exposure to ethnic ties that bound them together in the struggle for a brighter tomorrow. The study recommends that a new society can be realized with movement from analogue to digital strategies for communication.

Stone Bridge and Village Life World：A Case Study on Luqiao Village in Shandong Province, China

Based on the custom of stone bridge and village, by categorizing and interpreting the relationship between Lufeng Bridge （鲁封桥） and Luqiao Village （鲁桥村） in Southern Shandong Province, China, this paper focuses on discussing the dynamic of rural society change in China and the practice of village life world. It provides detailed materials of field research about folk life of stone bridge and village in North China. Here village life world not only includes the folk integration of their everyday life, but also covers local villagers cognitive attitude towards village, such as village history, legend, belief, ritual, clan and other everyday life styles. Expounding and reconstructing of village life world, shows the essential meanings and categories of bridge folklore, it also demonstrates the consequence of shifting connection between stone bridge and village life. Firstly, the crucial context of understanding village life world is still promising. Secondly, folklore fieldwork is an significant part to comprehend the connotation of village life world.