Exploring the Path of Shantytown Renewal Based on the Theory of Environment-behavior Studies: A Case Study of the Northwest Area of Saihantala in Baotou City

The application of environment-behavior studies plays an important role in studying the renewal of shantytowns.One of the most humane ways of renewal is designing and constructing the necessary urban spatial environment from the perspective of human daily behavior.Most of the shantytown renovation projects currently carried out in China are mainly focused on demolition and reconstruction,which not only incurs high costs but also damages the original social structure and economic model.During the process of shantytown renewal,it should improve the urban landscape,living environment,and life quality of residents,and ensure the daily life of shantytown residents without increasing their economic burden,and preserve the traces of urban development.In order to achieve this goal,it should explore the renewal strategies of shantytowns from the perspective of environment-behavior studies through behavior maps,on-site research,and literature review.Updating and design from a human perspective often achieve faster and better development;the renewal of shantytowns should be a bottom-up approach and start from a grassroots perspective,completing the renovation design through the composition of the population and behavioral patterns.

Cohort study on the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer with integrated Chinese and western medicine

BACKGROUND Patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)have a low incidence rate,poor biological activity,suboptimal response to conventional treatments,and a poor prognosis.In the previous cohort study on mCRC conducted by our team,it was observed that integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment could significantly prolong the overall survival(OS)of patients with colorectal cancer.Therefore,we further explored the survival benefits in the population with BRAF V600E mutant mCRC.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS A cohort study was conducted on patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer admitted to Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2016 to December 2022.The patients were divided into two cohorts.RESULTS A total of 34 cases were included,with 23 in Chinese-Western medicine cohort(cohort A)and 11 in Western medicine cohort(cohort B).The median overall survival was 19.9 months in cohort A and 14.2 months in cohort B,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.038,hazard ratio=0.46).The 1-3-year survival rates were 95.65%(22/23),39.13%(9/23),and 26.09%(6/23)in cohort A,and 63.64%(7/11),18.18%(2/11),and 9.09%(1/11)in cohort B,respectively.Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in median OS between the two cohorts in the right colon,liver metastasis,chemotherapy,and first-line treatment subgroups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Integrated Chinese and Western medicine can prolong the survival and reduce the risk of death in patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer,with more pronounced benefits observed in patients with right colon involvement,liver metastasis,combined chemotherapy,and first-line treatment.

Comparative Studies on Tourist Satisfaction of World Heritage Sites——A Case Study of Huangshan Mountain,Lushan Mountain and Wuyi Mountain

Through the questionnaire survey and comparative studies on tourist satisfaction of tourism services among three world heritage sites,i.e.Huangshan Mountain,Lushan Mountain and Wuyi Mountain,this study pointed out the problems in tourism services of three scenic areas and then put forward relevant countermeasures for the management of scenic areas.

Long term efficacy of plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine among Chinese children: a 12 year follow up study

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Follow-up study of hepatitis C virus infection in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis for 30 months

INTRODUCTIONA high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus(HCV)(range from 3.3%-80%)has beenreported in hemodialysis(HD)patients,andworrisome as it often becomes chronic and induceschronic liver disease,therefore thenephrologists face a major challenge of how toprevent it.The main route of HCV transmission

P300 change and cognitive behavioral therapy in subjects with Internet addiction disorder A 3-month follow-up study

Event-related potential studies of cognitive function in addiction behaviors have focused on the P300 event-related potential component. The current study investigated the association between P300 component and Internet addiction disorder. We found that individuals with Internet addiction disorder exhibited significantly longer P300 latencies than controls （N2： P = 0.035; P3a： P = 0.031 P3b： P = 0.043） and similar P300 amplitudes compared to control participants. After 3 months of cognitive behavioral therapy, P300 latencies decreased significantly in the P3a and P3b （P3a： P = 0.045; P3b： P = 0.062）. These results suggest that deficits in cognitive function may be involved in Internet addiction disorder, and that clinical psychological treatment may be effective.

Childhood BMI and Adult Obesity in a Chinese Sample:A 13-Year Follow-up Study

Objective Obesity is recognized as a significant risk factor for diabetes and hypertension. The present study aimed to examine the associations between adults' obesity risk and childhood and parental obesity. Methods A total of 204 children aged 6-17 years were recruited in 2002 with an average follow-up period of 13.2 years. Height and body weight were measured by trained staffs. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the Chinese standard for children and adults. T-test, analysis of variance, and Chi-square analysis were used for single factor analysis. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to perform multifactor analysis. Results The percentage of non-obese children who grew up to be non-obese adults was 62.6%, and that of obese children who grew up to be obese adults was 80.0%. There was a significant association between childhood body mass index(BMI) and adulthood BMI with a β regression coefficient of 3.76 [95% confidence interval(CI): 1.36-6.16], and between childhood obesity and adulthood obesity with an odds ratio of 5.76(95% CI: 1.37-24.34). There was no statistical difference between parental obesity at baseline and children's adulthood obesity, after adjustment of confounders. Male participants and those aged 10.0-13.0 years had a higher risk of adulthood obesity with odds ratios of 2.50(95% CI: 1.12-5.26) and 3.62(95% CI: 1.17-11.24), respectively. Conclusion Childhood obesity is an important predictor of adulthood obesity.

Natural history of chronic hepatitis C in patients on hemodialysis: Case control study with 4-23 years of follow-up

AIM:Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection is very common among end-stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis,but its natural history is not known. METHODS:In this study,189 dialysis patients(case) positive for HCV antibodies who were followed up for more than 4 years were compared with twice as many sex/age matched controls with chronic hepatitis C who were diagnosed in the same month as the case and followed up for comparable periods.The longest follow-up was 23 years in dialysis cases. The disease activities were graded into'asymptomatic'if ALT was less than 40(35 in cases)IU/L,'low activities'if ALT was 40(35)-79 IU/L,and'high activities'if ALT was above 80 IU/L during the last or latest 4 year period. RESULTS:All 25 dialysis cases who were followed up for more than 15 years were asymptomatic and 15 of them were negative for HCV RNA.Of the 50 controls followed up for more than 15 years,34 had high activities,and none deared HCV RNA.There were 60 controls who were asymptomatic, but they were all positive for HCV RNA,while 22.3% of asymptomatic dialysis cases were RNA negative.No dialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C progressed to cirrhosis, whereas the disease progressed to cirrhosis in more than one quarter of the controls.These differences were highly significant(P<0.0001). CONCLUSION:Chronic hepatitic C among hemodialysis patients is mild in disease activity,and is not progressive, perhaps due to immunological abnormalities in these patients. Hepatic C virus is frequently cleared in asymptomatic dialysis patients during a long course.A possible mechanism for viral clearance is viral particle destruction on the surface of the dialyzer membrane.

36-Month Follow-Up Study of Post-Intervention Chronic Heart Failure Patients

Aim: Although numerous studies of disease management and case management of chronic heart failure (CHF) have been carried out, length of effectiveness after program commencement has not been examined, so we examined a follow-up study at 36 months after program commencement. Methods: Participants went for follow-up visits to one Japanese clinic which specializes in internal cardiovascular medicine and they were given diagnoses of CHF. 104 outpatients participated in this study and randomized control trial was implemented. An educational program was implemented for 6 months. The data were collected at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12 months from both intervention and control groups and at 24 and 36 months from the intervention group. Results: There was significant improvement in New York Heart Association (NYHA) in the intervention group between baseline and 36 months. Improvement in weight monitoring and activities or exercise in the intervention group continued up to 36 months. Meanwhile, sodium restricted diets and quitting smoking and/or drinking depended on individual preference and it was difficult to make improvements in these areas. Conclusions: The educational program showed promise in preventing CHF outpatients from deteriorating significantly on a long-term basis as self-monitoring of activity and weight continued significantly and there were no participants with CHF who deteriorated in the intervention group at 36 months after program commencement, although the program aimed only to provide illness and self-management knowledge. On the other hand, future work will need to compare participants in this program to a control group over an extended period of time with consideration for relieving the burden of the control group.

Study on robust terrain following control

Based on classical terrain following (TF) algorithm (adaptive angle method), a new method for TF controller is proposed by using angle of attack. A method of obtaining terrain outline data from Digital Elevation Map (DEM) for TF control is discussed in order to save store space. The block control model, which is suitable for backstepping design, is given for nonlinear model of aircraft. Making full use of the characteristics of the system and combining block control principle, backstepping technique, a robust controller design method is proposed. Uncertainties in every sub-block are allowed, and can be canceled by using the idea of nonlinear damping. It is proved that the state tracking errors converge to the neighborhood of the origin exponentially. Finally, nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation results for the aircraft model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control law.

Pressure-flow studies in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia:a study comparing suprapubic and transurethral methods

Aim： To compare the use of the suprapubic puncture method versus the transurethral method in pressure-flow studies in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods： Twenty-three men with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent both suprapubic and transurethral pressure-flow studies during a single session. Standard pressure-flow variables were recorded in all patients with both methods, enabling calculation of obstruction using commonly used grading systems, such as the urethral resistance algorithm, the Abrams-Griffith （AG） number and the Schaefer linear nomogram. Results： There were statistically significant differences between the methods in the mean values of maximum flow rate （P 〈 0.05）, detrusor pressure at the maximum flow （P 〈 0.01）, urethral resistance algorithm （P 〈 0.01）, AG number （P 〈 0.01） and maximum cystic capacity （P 〈 0.01）. Of the men in the study, 10 （43.5%） remained in the same Schaefer class with both methods and 18 （78.3%） in the same AG number area. Using the transurethral method, 12 （52.2%） men increased their Schaefer class by one and 1 （4.3%） by two. There were also differences between the suprapubic and transurethral methods using the AG number： 4 （17.4%） men moved from a classification of equivocal to obstructed and 1 （4.3%） from unobstructed to equivocal. Conclusion： The differences between the techniques for measuring intravesical pressure alter the grading of obstruction determined by several of the commonly used classifications. An 8 F transurethral catheter significantly increases the likelihood of a diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction when compared with the suprapubic method.

Impact of switching from ranibizumab to aflibercept on the number of intravitreous injection and follow up visit in wet AMD:results of real life ELU study

●AIM:To study if one of the two molecules could lead to a lower number of follow up visits and intra-vitreous injection(IVI)with the same efficacy.●METHODS:ELU(or"elected"in French)study is a retrospective study conducted in real life in patients presenting suboptimal response after ranibizumab IVI(phase 1)and secondary switched to aflibercept(phase 2).The number of follow up visits and IVI were compared in both phases.Visual acuity(VA)evolution and"switching"reasons were secondary analyzed.●RESULTS:We retrospectively included data of 33 patients(38 eyes)with age-related macular degeneration(AMD;mean age:77±7.7 y).The number of monthly follow up visits[median(Q1;Q3)]:was significantly lower with aflibercept(phase 2),respectively 1.0(0.81;1.49)visits in phase 1,versus 0.79(0.67;0.86)visits in phase 2.The median number of monthly IVI also significantly decreased in phase 2,respectively 0.67(0.55;0.90)IVI in phase 1,versus 0.55(0.45;0.67)IVI in phase 2.The mean VA evolution(VA final-VA initial)was similar in both phases,(P>0.05).Whatever the reason for"switching"(loss of efficacy,tachyphylaxis,tolerance problems),there was no incidence on VA evolution over the time.●CONCLUSION:Our results show that switching from ranibizumab to aflibercept in"suboptimal"patients significantly reduce the number of follow up visits and IVI,with a comparable efficacy.This decrease in visit number could improve patients’quality of life and reduce surgical risk by reducing the number of injections.

Acetabular revisions using porous tantalum components: A retrospective study with 5-10 years follow-up

AIM To evaluate the clinical and X-ray results of acetabular components and tantalum augments in prosthetic hip revisions.METHODS Fifty-eight hip prostheses with primary failure of the acetabular component were reviewed with tantalum implants. The clinical records and X-rays of these cases were retrospectively reviewed. Bone defect evaluations were based on preoperative CT scans and classified according to Paprosky criteria of Radiolucent lines and periprosthetic gaps; implant mobilization and osteolysis were evaluated by X-ray. An ad hoc database was created and statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software(IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0). Statistical analyses were carried out using the Student's t test for independent and paired samples. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant and cumulative survival was calculated by the KaplanMeier method.RESULTS The mean follow-up was 87.6 ± 25.6 mo(range 3-120 mo). 25 cases(43.1%) were classified as minor defects, and 33 cases(56.9%) as major defects. The preoperative HHS rating improved significantly from a mean of 40.7 ± 6.1(range: 29-53) before revision, to a mean of 85.8 ± 6.1(range: 70-94) at the end of the follow-up(Student's t test for paired samples: P < 0.001). Considering HHS only at the end of follow-up, no statistically significant difference was observed between patients with a major or minor defect(Student's t test for independent samples: P > 0.05). Radiolucent lines were found in 4 implants(6.9%). Postoperative acetabular gaps were observed in 5 hips(8.6%). No signs of implant mobilization or areas of periprosthetic osteolysis were found in the x-rays at the final follow-up. Only 3 implants failed: 1 case of infection and 2 cases of instability. Defined as the end-point, cumulative survival at 10 years was 95%(for all reasons) and 100% for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component.CONCLUSION The medium-term use of prosthetic tantalum components in prosthetic hip revisions is safe and effective in a wide variety of acetabular bone defects.

A population-based follow-up study on gallstone disease among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen,Taiwan

AIM： To assess the incidence of and risk factors for gallstone disease （GSD） among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen, Taiwan. METHODS： A screening program for GSD was performed by two specialists who employed real-time abdominal ultrasound to examine the abdominal region after patients had fasted for at least eight hours. Screening, which was conducted in 2001, involved 848 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. After exclusion of 63 subjects with prevalent GSD, 377 participants without GSD were invited in 2002 for a second round of screening. A total of 281 （74.5%） subjects were re-examined. RESULTS： Among the 281 type 2 diabetics who had no GSD at the first screening, 10 had developed GSD by 2002. The incidence was 3.56% per year （95%CI： 1.78% per year-6.24% per year）. Using a Cox regression model, age （RR = 1.07, 95% CI： 1.00-1.14）, waist circumference （RR = 1.12, 95% CI： 1.01-1.29）, and ALT （RR = 1.13, 95%CI： 1.01-1.26） appeared to be significantly correlated with development of GSD. CONCLUSION： Older age is a known risk factor for the development of GSD. Our study shows that greater waist circumference and elevated ALT levels are also associated with the development of GSD among type 2 diabetics in Kinmen.

A multicenter clinical comparative study of domestically produced implant contraceptive No. I and No. II with Norplant (Three years' follow-up)

Objective: To compare the efficacy, side-effects and acceptability of domestic produced implant No. I and No. II with Norplant. Method: A multicentered randomized prospective clinical trial was conducted in ten centers in Chi na since 1993. Every center have recruited 100 cases for each of the three types of implants. Results: Altogether l, 001 cases of No. I, 1, 000 cases of No. II and 998 cases of Norplant were recruited. The follow--up rate was 99. 2% at the end of 24 months and 99. 1% at the end of 36 months. One pregnancy in No. I implant occurred & months after insertion and the net cumulative pregnancy rate was 0. 1 per 100 women. Total discontinuation rates were 15. 1, 14. 1, and 12. 9 per 100 women in NO. I, No. II and Norplant groups respectively. Among them about 75% of discontinuation was due to the menstrual problems. The incidence of side-effects were 22. 6%, 19. 0% and 19. 7% respectively at 36 months follow--up. There was no significant differences in efficacy and side effects among these three types of implant. Conclusion: The result of this three-years’ follow--up indicated that the domestic products implant No. I and No. II just as Norplant are long term, highly effective contraceptive and have been accepted in different area by different people. It will be widely selected by women of reproductive age in China.

Prevalence of and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a Chinese population: An 8-year follow-up study

AIM: To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in a Chinese population.METHODS: A total of 1948 adults from China was followed for 8 years. A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD at baseline, and then the participants were followed for 8 years to investigate risk factors for the development of NAFLD.RESULTS: A total of 1948 participants were enrolled at baseline, of whom 691 were diagnosed with NAFLD. During the 8-year follow-up, 337 baseline NAFLD-free participants developed NAFLD. They had a greaterincrease in body mass index(BMI), serum uric acid, fasting plasma glucose, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a considerable decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. 123 participants who had NAFLD at baseline lost NAFLD during the 8-year follow-up period. They had a greater decrease in BMI, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.CONCLUSION: NAFLD is prevalent in Chinese population with a rapidly increasing tendency. It can be reversed when patients lose their weight, control their hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, and reduce the liver enzyme levels.

Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asians:A meta-epidemiological study of population-based cohort studies

BACKGROUND Previous systematic reviews have consistently reported that coffee consumption has a preventive effect on the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).However,further evaluations between coffee consumption and the risk of T2DM in Asian populations are needed.AIM To conduct a meta-epidemiological study on systematic reviews evaluating the association between coffee consumption and the risk of T2DM in Asian people.METHODS The selection criterion was defined as a population-based prospective cohort study evaluating the association between coffee consumption and the risk of T2DM in Asian populations,reporting the adjusted relative risk(RR)and its 95%confidence interval(CI)for potential confounders.A fixed-effect model metaanalysis was applied to calculate the summary RR and its 95%CI in less than 50%of the I2 value indicating the level of heterogeneity.A two-stage fixed-effects doseresponse meta-analysis(DRMA)was performed to calculate the risk per unit dose(a cup per day).RESULTS A total of seven studies were selected in this meta-epidemiological study.The risk of T2DM in Asian populations was significantly reduced in the highest to the lowest dose group(summary RR=0.73,95%CI:0.66-0.82;I2 value=0.0%).The DRMA showed that drinking one cup of coffee per day reduced the risk of T2DM in Asian populations by 8%(RR=0.92,95%CI:0.90-0.95).CONCLUSION These findings support the conclusion that coffee consumption has a protective effect on the occurrence of T2DM in Asian men and women.

A Comparative Study of Of Studies and Wang Zuoliang's Translated Version

Of Studies is an important one in The Essays of Francis Bacon, of which words are concise and refining, reasoning is profound and logic. Wang Zuoliang's translated version is so efficient and smooth with classical Chinese style that it perfectly reveals the original text, turning out to be the best version among all the translation of Of Studies. This thesis compares Of Studies and Wang Zuoliang's translated version to analyze their linguistic feature in terms of diction, sentence and figures of speech.