Analysis of Genotoxicity Induced by Food Dyes in Root Meristem of Salvia hispanica L.

Food dyes are chemicals either natural or synthetic that were used by humans to give attractive colors to numerous food products. Colorful food products may cause several health-related issues to us because they may be prepared through synthetic food dyes. The color which is intended to attract people to eat is given to them by the use of some artificial food dyes such as Erythrosine, Allura red, Indigostine, Tartrazine, Sunset yellow, etc. These artificial food dyes are synthetic chemicals that can cause numerous health-related problems if they were taken in by individuals more than the limited amount. Artificial food dyes are becoming very common in use in different ways to provide an attractive and soothing color to food products such as sweets, drinks, candies, etc. The food products we consume with very good and attractive colors are not as good for our health as they appear. Here in this study, we are observing the cytological effect of two different synthetic food dyes (Brilliant blue and Sunset yellow) in the root meristem of Salvia hispanica L. (Chia plant) which is a major source of α-linolenic acid, mainly omega 3 fatty acids and dietary fibers found in the seed. For this purpose, germinated seeds of Chia are in the germinator. After the emergence of the young roots, we have given the treatment of the respective dyes of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% & 2% respectively with a control set. After treatment, the roots were fixed in Carnoy’s fixative and preserved in alcohol for further analysis. When the slides of the treated roots were prepared and analyzed we observed that numerous cytological abnormalities such as (stickiness, fragmentation, bridge, laggards, disorientation, etc.) were there in the root cells and the level of abnormalities are increasing with increasing treatment period due to the exposure of them to respective dyes. These results are enough to conclude that the consumption of these dyes is harmful to the health of humans.

Detection of illegal dyes in foods using a polyethersulfone/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite membrane as a cleanup method

In this paper, a polyethersulfone （PES）/multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWCNTs） composite membrane was prepared us- ing phase inversion. The surface morphology and internal structure of the membrane were observed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The effects of MWCNTs content on various aspects of membrane performance such as porosity, water flux, and antifouling characteristics were investigated. Results showed that proper addition of MWCNTs would improve the properties of the membrane. MWCNTs had a strong adsorption capacity for industrial dyes and the composite membrane could be used as an effective method to identify and clean up illegal dyes in foods. In addition, this new method for iden- tifying dyes is rapid： the cleanup procedure in the determination of illegal dyes in foods by the composite membrane was shortened to 30 min or less compared to 6-8 h for traditional methods.

Simultaneous Determination by HPLC-UV Vis of Tartrazine and Sunset Yellow in Soft Drinks Sold in Benin

The use of dyes such as tartrazine (E102) and sunset yellow (E102) in food, beverages and health products for technological and commercial purposes is common. The adverse effects caused by these dyes, such as allergies and hyperactivity disorder have been reported, especially in children. In the present study, a chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of tartrazine and sunset yellow. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Lichrocart® C18 column (125 × 4.6 mm;5 μm) with a security Guard-C18 column (4 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm;Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) maintained at 30°C. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile/ammonium acetate buffer pH 6.8 in gradient mode with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The injection volume was 10 μL. The detection wavelength was set at 455 nm. The parameters of specificity, linearity, precision, repeatability, accuracy and sensitivity were examined for validation. The developed method is linear in the range of 1 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL with a R2> 0.998. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were less than 0.6% and 3.1% respectively. The detection limit was 0.03 μg/mL and the quantification limit was 0.1 μg/mL. The retention time of tartrazine was 2.86 min, while sunset yellow was detected at 5.67 min. A simple, rapid, accurate and robust HPLC/UV-Visible method was developed and validated for simultaneous identification and quantification of tartrazine and sunset yellow. This developed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of tartrazine and sunset yellow in soft drinks sold in Benin.

Toxicological studies of Caesalpinia sappan wood derived dye in Wister albino rats

Natural dyes taken from the barks of the tree Caesalpinia sappan has been used in many consumer products.Hence it is imperative to test the toxicity of this dye.In the present study an investigation was conducted to find out the toxic effect of aqueous extract of the dye C.sappan in test animal Wister albino rats.Acute oral toxicity showed no clinical signs of toxicity and no mortality even at a dose level of 100–2000 mg/kg in 14 days observation period.When a dose level above 2500 mg/kg was given for 28 days,no death was noticed up to the dose level 5000 mg/kg body weight.The weight of the tested rats was not significantly reduced,when compared with the control group.The organ-body weight ratio of kidney,liver and abdomen did not change when compared to the control group in the observation period.The less toxicity of the dyes of C.sappan.